高潔
命題趨勢(shì)
代詞是代替名詞的詞。按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用可分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞等。其中,反身代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞和疑問(wèn)代詞是中考的高頻考點(diǎn)。比如:名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別,疑問(wèn)代詞含義區(qū)分,不定代詞的正確選用,都是考查的重點(diǎn)。對(duì)于不同類型代詞的相關(guān)知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí),既要全面又要有重點(diǎn)。
中考考查重點(diǎn)
1.人稱代詞;2.物主代詞;3.反身代詞;4.指示代詞;
5.不定代詞;6.疑問(wèn)代詞;7.相互代詞。
考點(diǎn)解析
考向五:不定代詞
不明確指代某個(gè)人、某個(gè)事物、某些人、某些事物的代詞叫不定代詞。不定代詞可以代替名稱和形容詞,表示不同的數(shù)量概念。不定代詞沒(méi)有主格和賓格之分,在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等。
1.不定代詞的句法功能。
2.不定代詞的基本語(yǔ)法
(1)some,any的用法
(2)few,a few,little,a little的用法
①這四個(gè)詞或詞組在句中都可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
Few of us have been to Beijing.我們中幾乎沒(méi)有人去過(guò)北京。(主語(yǔ))
I know little about the book.我?guī)缀醪恢肋@本書(shū)的內(nèi)容。(賓語(yǔ))
There is a little water in the bottle.瓶子里有一些水。(定語(yǔ))
He has a few friends.他有一些朋友。(定語(yǔ))
②a little和little也可以用作副詞,a little表示“有點(diǎn),稍微”,little表示“很少”。
I'm a little hungry.我有點(diǎn)餓。(修飾形容詞hungry)
Let him sleep a little.讓他睡一會(huì)兒。(修飾動(dòng)詞sleep)
Mary, go a little faster, please.瑪麗,請(qǐng)走快一點(diǎn)兒。(修飾副詞比較級(jí))
(3)other,others,the other,the others,another的用法
(4)all,both,none,either,neither的用法
(5)復(fù)合不定代詞的用法
由some,any,every,no與one,body,thing一起構(gòu)成的代詞叫復(fù)合不定代詞,如something,everybody,anyone,nothing等。由one和body構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代聞可相互換用。
【易錯(cuò)警示】
every day與everyday的區(qū)別
①every day是名詞短語(yǔ),在句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),修飾整個(gè)句子。
I finish my homework before 9 every day.我每天九點(diǎn)前完成作業(yè)。
②everyday是形容詞,在句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ),修飾名詞。
Everyday work makes me bored.每天的工作讓我很煩。
【例】—Where would you like to go tomorrow, Huangguoshu Waterfall or Dragon Palace?
—________ is OK for me. It's up to you.
A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. All
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——明天你想去哪里,黃果樹(shù)瀑布還是龍宮?——這兩個(gè)地方哪個(gè)都可以。這取決于你。考查不定代詞。A. Either(兩者中)任何一個(gè);B. Neither兩者都不;C. Both兩者都;D. All(三者及以上)都。根據(jù)上文Huangguoshu Waterfall or Dragon Palace和It's up to you可知“這兩個(gè)地方哪個(gè)都可以”。所以選A。
考向六:疑問(wèn)代詞
用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句的代詞叫疑問(wèn)代詞。它們一般位于句首。疑問(wèn)代詞包括who,whose,whom,what,which。
【易錯(cuò)警示】
which和what的用法辨析
用which提問(wèn),指在相當(dāng)數(shù)目的人或物中進(jìn)行選擇,限制在一定的范圍內(nèi);用what提問(wèn),不限制范圍。
Which do you like, rice or meat?你喜歡什么,米飯還是肉?
What do you like?你喜歡什么?
【知識(shí)拓展】
what的常見(jiàn)用法
1.用于詢問(wèn)職業(yè):What be+主語(yǔ)?或What do/does/did+主語(yǔ)+do?
What does your father do?=What is your father?你父親是干什么的?
2.用于詢問(wèn)天氣或品行:What be+主語(yǔ)+like?
What's the weather like?天氣怎么樣?
3.用于詢問(wèn)外貌、長(zhǎng)相:What do/does/did+主語(yǔ)+look like?
What does she look like?她長(zhǎng)什么樣?
4.征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn):What about...?
What about going out for a movie?出去看電影怎么樣?
【例】—________ are you going to buy for your father for Father's Day?
—A T-shirt.
A. WhatB. WhenC. WhereD. How
【答案】A
【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處要填的疑問(wèn)詞作動(dòng)詞buy的賓語(yǔ),選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)可以作賓語(yǔ)。故選A。
練習(xí)
1. Frank is a friend of ________. He is a scientist from Canada.
A. myB. IC. meD. mine
2. Sunny's uncle is a teacher. ________ enjoys staying with kids.
A. HeB. SheC. ItD. I
3. Their plants don't grow very well, but ________ look really good.
A. weB. ourC. oursD. ourselves
4. —Is this Mike's dictionary?
—No, it's mine. The thick one on the desk is ________.
A. hisB. yoursC. hersD. theirs
5. —Jeff, is this ________ notebook?
—No, it's not ________. Maybe it's Mary's.
A. your, myB. your, mineC. yours, me
6. Last month the students in Changjiang Road Primary School held the “Ten Years of Growth Ceremony”to celebrate ________ 10th birthday together.
A. theyB. theirC. themD. theirs
7. —Whose card is this?
—It is ________. My brother Tom gave it to me on my birthday.
A. myB. hersC. oursD. mine
8. —So sorry, I took your school T-shirt by mistake. But where is ________?
—Don't worry. Let me help you find it
A. yoursB. hisC. mine
參考答案
1-4 DACA5-8 BBDC