Li Qi

Abstract：In this paper， we can draw a conclusion that the water content of fresh balsam pear was 92.5% by multiple experiments. Charantin 0.3900 g from 30 g fresh balsam pear extraction temperature 60℃， extraction time 3h， ethanol 70%， feed to liquid ratio 1：45（g/ml）. Determination of content by UV method， the content of balsam pear saponins was 2.965g.

Key words： Charantin; Balsam pear; Saponins; Extraction

CLC number：TK124 ? ? ? ? Document identification code： A

In recent years， with the improvement of people's living standard and the development of science and technology， people's demand for materials has also increased. But bad eating habits have a lot of bad effects on people's health， such as "three high" high blood pressure， high blood fat and high blood sugar.[1] Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in developed and developing countries， and its incidence is rising rapidly. Type 2 diabetes can be controlled by drugs， regular exercise， diet and lifestyle changes， and one plant has attracted much attention because of its anti-diabetic properties， it is balsam pear.[2]

Balsam pear， also known as leper grape， cool melon， brocade litchi， leper melon and so on. China's north-south widely planted， strong environmental adaptability， is a common vegetable in our daily life. It is the raw material of functional food， known as "medicinal vegetables"[3]， has the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying， nourishing skin， lowering blood sugar[4]， nourishing blood and nourishing liver[5]. The composition of balsam pear is complex and rich in bioactive components， one of which is Charantin.

Balsam pear contains a lot of active components， Charantin is one of them， mainly in balsam pear fruit， balsam pear seeds， stems and leaves also contain a certain amount of Charantin. They are just type different but function same.[6]

Charantin， also known as momordica saponins， is a typical glycoside in momodica charantia. Charantin has the functions of lowering blood sugar， regulating islet function， repairing β cells， increasing insulin sensitivity， preventing and improving complications， regulating blood lipids， improving immunity and eliminating inflammation.[7]

Saponin is a chemical component widely found in Chinese herbal medicine. It is a kind of glycoside compound， which is named because its aqueous solution can form a large amount of foam after shaking. Saponins play an important role in human metabolism.[8] Charantin has the properties of general saponins， large molecular weight， not easy to crystallize， generally soluble in water and ethanol， soluble in hot water and hot ethanol[9]， insoluble in acetone， ether. Because ethanol is a safe organic solvent， it is often used in food safety production and can be recycled and reused. Ethanol is often used as a extractant for natural products， which can reduce pollution， increase safety in the experimental process， recycle， reduce the waste of solvents and reduce the cost of the experiment.Therefore， ethanol was used as solvent to extract the experiment.

This paper is a study on the extraction of Charantin from balsam pear， which provides a theoretical basis for the industrial production of Charantin.The extracted balsam pear saponins are mainly triterpenoids， which can react with vanillin perchloric acid reagent. [10]As an important active component of balsam pear， balsam pear saponins have important research value in developing functional foods and drugs.

1 Materials and methods

1.1 materials and reagents

Anhydrous ethanol， Tianjin Fuyu Fine Chemical Co.， Ltd.; vanillin， Tianjin Beilian Fine Chemicals Development Co.， Ltd; glacial acetic acid， Qingdao Century Star Chemical Reagent Co.， Ltd; perchloric acid， Tianjin Zhengcheng Chemical Co. Ltd. The above reagents are analytical pure. Fresh Balsam pear purchased in Qingdao City Mai Dao Life supermarket.

1.2 instruments and equipment

UV—2800 ultraviolet spectrophotometer， Unico （Shanghai） instrument Co.， Ltd.; HH—2 digital display constant temperature water bath pot， Changzhou Putian instrument Co.， Ltd.; ALB—124 electronic balance， Sedorius （Beijing） Scientific instrument Co.， Ltd.; JJ—1 power-increasing electric agitator， Shanghai Meixiang instrument Co.， Ltd.; SHK—IIIS circulating water multi-purpose vacuum pump， Zhengzhou Ketai Experimental equipment Co.， Ltd.

1.3 experiment methods

1.3.1 determination of water content of balsam pear

Wash fresh Balsam pear， weigh， slice， 50℃dry in oven， get bitter gourd dry， weigh. Calculate the water content of the Balsam pear.

1.3.2 extraction of Charantin from balsam pear

The dried Balsam pear 30 g were accurately weighed and placed in flask .450 ml 70% ethanol aqueous solution was added to extract three times at 60℃， combined with extract， and concentrated by rotary evaporation to obtain extract.

1.3.3 determination of Charantin in balsam pear

Accurately weigh certain quality extract， dissolved in anhydrous ethanol， mixed into 100 ml solution ，put 1.0 ml in 10 ml plug test tubes， dried ethanol in water bath， added 0.7 ml 8% vanillin glacial acetic acid solution， then added 5 ml perchloric acid， Shake well， heating 15 min in 60℃ water bath，Rinse immediately with tap water until room temperature， make blank sample without sample， absorbance was determined at 543 nm to calculate the content of balsam pear saponins.[11]

2 Results and analysis

2.1 determination of water content of balsam pear

The results are as follows：

Through the above three groups of experiments， we can draw a conclusion that the water content of balsam pear is 92.5% and the data stability is good.

2.2 extraction of Charantin from balsam pear

After the extraction experiment， a total of 13.15 g. were obtained.

Taking samples 0.3253g， the absorbance was 0.575 Abs at 543 nm ， and the content of balsam pear saponins in the extract was 2.965%， so the total mass of balsam pear saponins was 0.3900 g.

3 Conclusion

In this paper， the water content of fresh balsam pear is 92.5%， which lays a foundation for the extraction experiment.

In this experiment， ethanol is a safe organic solvent， which is often used in food safety production and can be recycled. Ethanol is often used as a extractant for natural products， which can reduce pollution， increase safety in the experimental process， recycle， reduce the waste of solvents and reduce the cost of the experiment. The experimental results show that the saponin of balsam pear can be extracted effectively with ethanol as solvent， and the method is reliable.

The results show that when the concentration of ethanol is 70%， the extraction temperature is 60℃， the ratio of material to liquid is 1：45， the extraction time is 3h， the extraction time is 3 times， the content of saponins of balsam pear is 2.965% and the total gram number is 0.3900 g.Further purification and separation and development of related products will be carried out.

（責(zé)任編輯：武多多）

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