陳蘭娥

1. relevant [relvnt] adj. 有關(guān)的;切題的

We have passed all relevant information on to the police. 我們已經(jīng)把所有相關(guān)信息都告知了警方。

be relevant to 與……密切有關(guān)

These materials are relevant to the case. 這些材料與這案件有關(guān)。

派生詞

irrelevant adj. 無關(guān)緊要的;不相關(guān)的

What you said is irrelevant to the subject. 你說的與本題無關(guān)。

relevance n. 重要性;意義;相關(guān)性

Evaluate the relevance， sufficiency， and competence of evidence. 評(píng)估證據(jù)的相關(guān)性、充分性和適當(dāng)性。

【高考鏈接】

Moreover， I completed the senior course of Computer Basics， plus five ___ pre-college courses. （2016北京卷）

Key： relevant

2. adjust [dst]

vt. 調(diào)整;調(diào)節(jié)

Adjust your language to the age of your audience. 要根據(jù)聽眾的年齡使用相應(yīng)的語言。

vi. （使）適合

He soon adjusted to army life. 他很快適應(yīng)了軍中生活。

adjust oneself to 使自己適應(yīng)于

The body adjusts itself to the change of temperature. 身體能自行調(diào)節(jié)以適應(yīng)溫度的變化。

adjust to doing sth. 使適應(yīng)做某事

It took her a while to adjust to living alone. 她過了一段時(shí)間才適應(yīng)獨(dú)自生活。

派生詞

adjustable adj. 可調(diào)整的;可校準(zhǔn)的

The height of the bicycle seat is adjustable. 這輛自行車的車座高度可以調(diào)節(jié)。

adjustment n. 調(diào)整;適應(yīng)

I've made a few adjustments to the design. 我已對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)做了幾處調(diào)整。

易混辨析

adapt 與adjust

adapt指在原有情況下作某些改變以適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境或不同的條件，強(qiáng)調(diào)改變的目的和重要性;adjust 側(cè)重調(diào)整、調(diào)節(jié)使適應(yīng)，改變的幅度要小一些，主要用于調(diào)整角度、高度等。

【高考鏈接】

Some schools will have to make ___ in agreement with the national soccer reform.（2015江蘇卷）

Key： adjustments

3. participate [pɑ：tIsIpeIt] vi. 參與;參加

Some experts will participate as technical advisers. 幾位專家將作為技術(shù)顧問參加。

participate in 參加

Students should be encouraged to participate in more activities after class in order to broaden their knowledge. 為了拓寬知識(shí)面，應(yīng)當(dāng)鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生多參加課外活動(dòng)。

派生詞

participation n. 參與;參加

Without the participation of intellectuals， the realization of the four modernizations is impossible. 沒有知識(shí)分子的參加，實(shí)現(xiàn)四化是不可能的。

participant n. 參與者

You are expected to be an active participant. 你應(yīng)該成為積極的參與者。

易混辨析

attend， join， take part in與participate

這些動(dòng)詞或詞組均含有“參加，加入”之意。 attend側(cè)重參加或出席會(huì)議或?qū)W術(shù)活動(dòng)等;join普通用詞，指加入黨派、團(tuán)體或游戲活動(dòng)等;take part in側(cè)重指參加某項(xiàng)群眾性、集體性的事業(yè)、工作或活動(dòng)，突出參加者在其中發(fā)揮一定的作用;participate正式用詞，特指參加團(tuán)體活動(dòng)，暗示以一個(gè)積極的角色參加。

【高考鏈接】

___ in discussion forums（論壇）， blogs ? and ? other ?open-ended ?forums ?for

dialogue. （2019全國(guó)卷Ⅲ）

Key： Participate

4. otherwise [waIz]

conj. 否則;不然

You should go now， otherwise you will be late. 你該走了，不然你會(huì)遲到的。

adv. 用別的方法;其他方面

He should have done it otherwise. 他本該用別的方法做這件事。

or otherwise 或其他情況;或相反

I am not concerned with his honesty or otherwise. 我不管他誠(chéng)實(shí)不誠(chéng)實(shí)。

【高考鏈接】

The study of traditions should be combined with practice. ___， the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty， he said. （2018全國(guó)卷Ⅲ）

Key： Otherwise

5. donate [duneIt]

vt. （尤指向慈善機(jī)構(gòu)）捐贈(zèng);贈(zèng)送

donate sth. to sb. / sth. 向……捐贈(zèng)某物

He donated thousands of pounds to charity. 他向慈善事業(yè)捐款數(shù)千英鎊。

Last year we donated 1，000 yuan to the poor student. 去年我們向這個(gè)貧窮的男孩捐贈(zèng)了1000元。

vt. 獻(xiàn)（血）;捐獻(xiàn)（器官）

donate blood 獻(xiàn)血

The government calls on the youth to donate their blood. 政府號(hào)召青年獻(xiàn)血。

派生詞

donation n. 捐贈(zèng)物;捐贈(zèng);贈(zèng)送

make/give/present a donation to sb. 捐贈(zèng)給某人

They made a generous donation to the relief fund. 他們?yōu)檫@個(gè)救濟(jì)基金慷慨捐款。

易混辨析

contribute與donate

contribute 強(qiáng)調(diào)“提供;出一份錢;出一份力”;donate 表示義務(wù)上的捐獻(xiàn)，如獻(xiàn)血、捐衣服等。

I contributed a pound towards Jane's leaving present. 我湊了一英鎊給簡(jiǎn)買告別禮物。

【高考鏈接】

I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to ___ less-used things. （2018全國(guó)卷III）

Key： donate

6. voluntary [vlntrI] adj.

自愿的;志愿的

He made a voluntary statement to the police. 他自愿向警方作陳述。

義務(wù)的;無償?shù)?靠自愿捐助的

Many social services are still provided by voluntary societies. 許多社會(huì)服務(wù)仍是由志愿團(tuán)體提供的。

At election time the party needs a lot of voluntary muscles. 大選時(shí)，該黨需要許多義務(wù)幫忙的人。

派生詞

volunteer [vlntI（r）]

n. 志愿者;志愿兵

This work costs us nothing; it's all done by volunteers. 這項(xiàng)工作我們沒花錢，是由志愿者完成的。

vt. 自愿（做某事、提供服務(wù)或幫助等）

volunteer to do 自愿做某事

He volunteered to clear up afterwards. 他自愿負(fù)責(zé)事后的清理打掃工作。

【高考鏈接】

I'm writing this letter to apply for the

___ position in the coming exhibition of Chinese paintings. （2019全國(guó)卷Ⅰ）

Key： voluntary

7. purchase [p：ts]

vt. 購(gòu)買;購(gòu)置

He purchased a car for his son. 他為兒子購(gòu)買了一輛車。

purchasing power 購(gòu)買力

The purchasing power of the dollar has declined. 美元的購(gòu)買力已經(jīng)下降了。

vt. 換得;掙得

They purchased life at the expense of honor. 他們以犧牲名譽(yù)的代價(jià)換得了生命。

n. [U，C] 購(gòu)買;采購(gòu)

He gave his son some money for the purchase of his school books. 他給了兒子一些錢去購(gòu)買教科書。

派生詞

purchaser [p：ts（r）] n. 買主;購(gòu)買人

The shares of the firm will be owned by many purchasers. 那家公司的股票由購(gòu)買者所有。

【高考鏈接】

Among the bag makers' argument： many cities with bans still allow shoppers to ___ paper bags. （2018浙江卷）

Key： purchase

8. click [klIk]

n. 咔嗒聲

The key turned with a click. 鑰匙轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)發(fā)出咔嗒的響聲。

vi. 發(fā)出咔嗒聲

The door clicked shut behind her. 門在她身后咔嗒一聲關(guān)上了。

vi. 突然明白;恍然大悟

Suddenly everything clicked and I realized where I'd met him. 突然一切都清楚了，我意識(shí)到自己在哪里見過他了。

vt. 點(diǎn)擊

Click the square icon again to minimize the window. ?再次點(diǎn)擊方形圖標(biāo)，把窗口最小化。

click the mouse 點(diǎn)擊鼠標(biāo)

Just click the mouse and you'll get the instructions you need. 點(diǎn)擊鼠標(biāo)，你就會(huì)得到你所需要的指令。

【高考鏈接】

It seemed that something ___ with the girls between Saturday and Sunday. （2015全國(guó)II）

Key： clicked

9. distribute [dIstrIbju：t]

vt. 分發(fā);分配

Please distribute the examination papers round the class. 請(qǐng)把考卷發(fā)給全班同學(xué)。

vt. 分布;散布

Shark is widely distributed along the Atlantic coast. 鯊魚在大西洋沿岸的分布很廣泛。

distribute sth. to/among sb. 向某人分發(fā)某物;在某群人中分發(fā)

The man is distributing leaflets to/among passers-by. 那個(gè)人正在向路人發(fā)傳單。

派生詞

distribution n. 分發(fā);分配

We are studying the distribution of schools in this country. 我們正在研究這個(gè)國(guó)家學(xué)校的分布情況。

【高考鏈接】

I can ___ their letters to my students who are willing to have friends. （2012廣東卷）

Key： distribute

10. operate [preIt]

vt. 操作; 開動(dòng)

It is very difficult to operate the machine. 操作這臺(tái)機(jī)器很難。

vt. 經(jīng)營(yíng); 管理

His father operates two big companies. 他父親經(jīng)營(yíng)著兩家大公司。

vt. 運(yùn)行;運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)

Do public transport services operate at night？ 公交系統(tǒng)夜間運(yùn)營(yíng)嗎？

vi. 起作用;湊效

The medicine began to operate at once. 藥效立竿見影。

vi. 動(dòng)手術(shù);開刀

Having seen the X-ray， the doctor decided to operate on the patient. 看過X 光片后， 醫(yī)生決定為病人做手術(shù)。

派生詞

operation n.

[U]操作;運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)

The operation of the machine is simple. 這臺(tái)機(jī)器操作簡(jiǎn)單。

[C] 手術(shù)

He is very ill and needs an operation. 他病得很重，需要做手術(shù)。

派生詞

operator n. [C] 話務(wù)員; 操作員;經(jīng)營(yíng)者

【高考鏈接】

Such systems do not need to ___ face-to-face. （2016年江蘇卷）

Key： operate