亚洲免费av电影一区二区三区,日韩爱爱视频,51精品视频一区二区三区,91视频爱爱,日韩欧美在线播放视频,中文字幕少妇AV,亚洲电影中文字幕,久久久久亚洲av成人网址,久久综合视频网站,国产在线不卡免费播放

        ?

        2020-08-14 10:05:37
        漢語世界(The World of Chinese) 2020年4期

        A versatile character to suit any palate

        在漢語里,萬物皆可入口

        “Eat when youre hungry, sleep when youre drowsy; dont tire yourself out (饑來吃飯困來睡,莫把身來累),” goes the life philosophy of Liu Xueji (劉學(xué)箕), a poet from the Southern Song dynasty (1127 – 1279) who devoted his entire life to travel, and never sought the conventional post of an official.

        Today, this carefree doctrine might be echoed by many young Chinese, who, following the lifting of Covid-19 restrictions across most of the country, are flocking to enjoy themselves in restaurants, tourist sites, and reopened street food stalls—that is, if they can afford these pleasures, amid the economic pressures that have also resumed with life in China.

        The usage of the character 吃 (ch~) to indicate eating is a relatively recent concept, though the character first appeared in the Eastern Han dynasty (25 – 220), when the linguist XuShen

        (許慎) defined it as “a person who has difficulty with pronunciation” in his Analytical Dictionary of Chinese Characters

        (《說文解字》). At that time, 吃 was the verb form of 口吃 (k6uch~, stammer), formed by using a “mouth” (口k6u) radical on the left and a radical meaning “to beg” (乞q@) on the right.

        The action of eating was expressed by the character 食 (sh?。?in ancient China. A farmers lament in the 3,000-year-old Book of Songs

        (《詩經(jīng)》) goes, “Field mice, field mice, dont eat the crops our labors yield (碩鼠碩鼠,無食我黍).” Later, 食 also became a noun meaning “food” or “grain,” as in the well-known proverb, “To the people, food is all-important (民以食為天).” Today, 食 still appears in nouns related to eating, such as “食堂 (sh!t1ng, canteen)” and “食物 (sh!w&, food),” while 吃 is more frequently used for actions, like “吃飯 (ch~f3n, to eat a meal)” and “吃藥 (ch~y3o, to take medicine).”

        Though it didnt denote eating in ancient Chinese, 吃 did have the meaning of “to drink,” and is still sometimes used in this way by elderly people or speakers of some regional dialects. The heroes of the classic novel The Water Margin (《水滸傳》), who are known for their forthright character, frequently declare, “Lets drink (吃酒ch~ji^)!” A quote by Mao Zedong goes, “When drinking water, never forget the people who dug the well (吃水不忘挖井人ch~shu@ b% w3ng w`j@ngr9n).”

        Food is at the heart of Chinese culture, which has thousands of years of farming tradition and memories of many famines in ancient and modern history. When Chinese people meet one another, a classic greeting is “Have you eaten yet (吃了嗎Ch~le ma)?” A host may open a banquet by telling the guests “Help yourself to more dishes (多吃菜du4 ch~ c3i)” to show hospitality.

        The character 吃 may also appear in metaphors for consumption. “吃白飯 (ch~ b1if3n),” meaning “to eat only rice (without taking vegetables and meat),” refers to when a lazy person puts in no effort but reaps benefits from others work. These types of leeches are common when a team “吃大鍋飯 (ch~ d3gu4f3n, eats from the big pot),” meaning everyone gets rewarded equally no matter their individual contribution to a task. This expression comes from Chinas communist 1950s, when workers and farmers took their meals in communal canteens and received equal rations of food.

        In contemporary Chinese, 吃 can describe actions loosely associated with eating and devouring. For instance, in the expression

        “吃了對(duì)方一個(gè)師 (ch~ le du#f`ng y! g- sh~, defeat an enemys division),” 吃 is military slang for “elimination.” Likewise, in Chinese chess, a colloquial expression for where one party removes a chess piece from the other is

        “吃了一個(gè)子兒 (ch~ le y! g- z@r).”

        The character has other meanings, like “to bear,” “to experience,” or “to suffer.” Chinese traditionally believed that “吃苦耐勞 (ch~k^-n3il1o, bearing hardships and enduring hard work)” can cultivate ones character. However, workers pulling consecutive 12-hour days at the office may complain that they “吃不消 (ch~buxi`o, cant bear it).”

        In the expression “靠山吃山,靠水吃水 (k3osh`n ch~sh`n, k3oshu@ ch~shu@, eat the mountains when near mountains; eat water when near water),” 吃 has the meaning of “to depend on” or “to live off of.” The phrase means that the circumstances of ones life determine how one lives. But if one only consumes and never produces, they are very likely to 坐吃山空 (zu7 ch~ sh`n k4ng, sit idle and eat up a mountain). This idiom is often used today to describe lazy fuerdai, the children of millionaires and billionaires, who squander the fortune they inherit.

        Often, metaphors involving eating have negative meanings. “吃醋 (ch~c&),” literally “eating vinegar,” means “to be jealous,” perhaps reflecting the sour pangs of envy. Likewise, when one scores zero on a test, its known as “吃鴨蛋 (ch~ y`d3n, eating duck egg),” as the numeral resembles a duck egg. Another term is “吃豆腐 (ch~ d7ufu, eating tofu),” which describes taking advantage of a woman, as tofu is soft in texture.

        Nowadays, “吃貨 (ch~hu7, foodie)” is an emerging slang term for describing people of all ages who cannot resist the enticement of delicious food. Delicacies, however, can be expensive. Next time you blow your salary on frivolous purchases, and must metaphorically

        “吃土 (ch~t^, eat dirt)” until your next paycheck, remember that sometimes, “吃虧是福 (ch~ku~ sh# f%, a loss may be a blessing in disguise).” As the elders say, “吃一塹,長一智 (ch~ y! qi3n, zh2ng y! zh#, experience a setback to gain wisdom)”—that is, you should learn from your mistakes.

        我和隔壁的少妇人妻hd| 日本一区午夜艳熟免费| 成人无码h真人在线网站| 亚洲区一区二区中文字幕| 一本色道久久综合亚州精品| 国产精品三区四区亚洲av| 国产激情久久久久久熟女老人av| 麻豆精产国品| 精品亚洲人伦一区二区三区| 六月婷婷亚洲性色av蜜桃| 毛片免费视频在线观看| 国内精品九九久久久精品| 91精品国产色综合久久不卡蜜| 国产一级黄片久久免费看| 在线亚洲日本一区二区| 亚洲国产一二三精品无码| 国产香蕉97碰碰视频va碰碰看 | 超碰97资源站| 熟妇无码AV| 日本午夜伦理享色视频| 欧洲乱码伦视频免费| 久久成人影院精品777| 国产喷水在线观看| 国产精品久久久精品三级18 | 免费观看18禁无遮挡真人网站| 性色av无码久久一区二区三区| 国产免费久久精品99re丫y| 中文字幕有码手机视频| 男女主共患难日久生情的古言| 精品亚洲成a人片在线观看| 91亚洲无码在线观看| av免费网站不卡观看| 人妻 丝袜美腿 中文字幕| 丰满岳乱妇久久久| 亚洲AV无码中文AV日韩A| 国产成人大片在线播放| 日韩欧美人妻一区二区三区| 91情侣视频| 亚洲综合在不卡在线国产另类| 少妇人妻精品一区二区三区| 色yeye免费视频免费看|