諸慧琴　徐正會(huì)　和玉成　何娟　張鵬　王亮　張揚(yáng)　劉平

摘要：為全面揭示滇東南地區(qū)螞蟻多樣性規(guī)律，采用樣地調(diào)查法研究了滇東南地區(qū)的螞蟻群落結(jié)構(gòu)，合計(jì)發(fā)現(xiàn)蟻科（Formicidae）昆蟲10亞科64屬197種。滇東南地區(qū)螞蟻群落中發(fā)現(xiàn)優(yōu)勢(shì)種1個(gè)[擬毛蟻待定種1（Pseudolasius sp.1），占物種數(shù)的0.51%]，常見種2個(gè)（占物種數(shù)的1.02%），較常見種18個(gè)（占物種數(shù)的9.14%），較稀有種38個(gè)（占物種數(shù)的19.29%），稀有種138個(gè)（占物種數(shù)的70.05%），豐富的稀有種提高了該地區(qū)生物多樣性保護(hù)價(jià)值。該地區(qū)5個(gè)垂直帶螞蟻群落結(jié)構(gòu)差異明顯，師宗垂直帶、丘北-師宗垂直帶平均海拔較高，植被類型和樹種組成相對(duì)簡單，螞蟻群落物種較少;西疇-麻栗坡、馬關(guān)-河口垂直帶平均海拔較低，植被類型和樹種組成相對(duì)豐富，螞蟻群落物種豐富。在該地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一定數(shù)量的待定種，有必要進(jìn)行深入的分類研究。

關(guān)鍵詞：螞蟻;物種;群落結(jié)構(gòu);滇東南地區(qū)

中圖分類號(hào)：Q968.1;Q969.554.2 ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A

文章編號(hào)：0439-8114（2020）05-0113-08

Abstract： In order to reveal ant diversity regularity in southeastern Yunnan， ant community composition of the area was surveyed through sample-plot method. Totally 10 subfamilies， 64 genera and 197 species of Formicidae were recognized. One dominant species（Pseudolasius sp.1， occupying 0.51%）， 2 common species（occupying 1.02%）， 18 relatively common species （occupying 9.14%）， 38 relatively rare species（occupying 19.29%）， and 138 rare species（occupying 70.05%） are found in the ant community of southeastern Yunnan. The richness of rare species helps to increase the value of biodiversity conservation in the area. Among the 5 surveyed vertical zones， their ant community composition has expressed obvious differences. The vertical zones of Shizong and Qiubei-Shizong have relatively higher average elevation， less vegetation types and simple tree species， therefore poor ant species are found in the community. In contrast， the vertical zones of Xichou-Malipo and Maguan-Hekou have relatively lower average elevation， rich vegetation types and complex tree species， therefore plentiful ant species are found in the community. It provides good conditions for the survival of ants， and the ant community is rich in species. A number of undetermined ant species are found in area， which indicates that a taxonomic work is necessary.

Key words： ant; species; community composition; southeastern Yunnan

螞蟻是地球上分布最廣泛、種類和數(shù)量最豐富的社會(huì)性昆蟲[1]，目前全世界已知17亞科334屬13 599種[2]。螞蟻在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中扮演著重要角色，能改良土壤、幫助植物授粉、傳播植物種子、防治害蟲，有的種類具有藥用和食用價(jià)值，但少數(shù)種類危害植物和人類健康[3]。因?yàn)槲浵亴?duì)環(huán)境變化敏感，在環(huán)境變化中常被作為關(guān)鍵類群進(jìn)行研究[4]。云南省森林覆蓋率高，植被類型多樣，具有豐富的螞蟻資源，西雙版納[5]、高黎貢山[6-8]、哀牢山[9，10]、南滾河自然保護(hù)區(qū)[11]等地的螞蟻群落相繼被報(bào)道。以文山州為主的滇東南地區(qū)具有典型的喀斯特地貌，保存有大面積天然林，螞蟻資源豐富，之前僅報(bào)道了滇東南地區(qū)的螞蟻物種多樣性[12]，為全面揭示滇東南地區(qū)螞蟻多樣性規(guī)律，對(duì)該區(qū)螞蟻群落進(jìn)行研究報(bào)道。

1 ?研究方法

1.1 ?樣地設(shè)置

分別在師宗、丘北—師宗、廣南—富寧、西疇—麻栗坡、馬關(guān)—河口設(shè)置5個(gè)垂直帶，采用樣地調(diào)查法[3]對(duì)滇東南地區(qū)螞蟻開展外業(yè)調(diào)查。在每個(gè)垂直帶上海拔每上升一定高度選取植被典型的1塊樣地，樣地大小為50 m×50 m，因野外自然條件限制未能找到典型植被時(shí)，允許在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)海拔上適度調(diào)整，原則上誤差不超過50 m，各樣地自然概況見表1。

1.2 ?樣地調(diào)查