亚洲免费av电影一区二区三区,日韩爱爱视频,51精品视频一区二区三区,91视频爱爱,日韩欧美在线播放视频,中文字幕少妇AV,亚洲电影中文字幕,久久久久亚洲av成人网址,久久综合视频网站,国产在线不卡免费播放

        ?

        Synergistic interaction between thioredoxin inhibitor 1-methylpropyl 2-imidazolyl disulfide and sorafenib in liver cancer cells

        2020-07-07 08:27:06LinPingCaoChenZhangXiaoYuWengHaiYangXieJianWuShuSenZheng

        Lin-Ping Cao , Chen Zhang , Xiao-Yu Weng , Hai-Yang Xie , c, Jian Wu , c,Shu-Sen Zheng , c , ?

        a Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310 0 03, China

        b Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310 0 03, China

        c The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310 0 03, China

        Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem worldwide with high incidence and mortality rate [1 , 2] . Proper treatments for HCC mainly include surgical resection, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiofrequency ablation (RFA),and liver transplantation. However, many patients who are diagnosed with advanced HCC are not eligible for surgery, even the TACE and RFA does not necessarily have a good therapeutic effect.Until now, sorafenib is currently the first-line antitumor drug for the treatment of patients with advanced HCC.

        Sorafenib, a multiple kinase inhibitor, significantly inhibits Raf-1 and other tyrosine kinases [3] . The main mechanism of the sorafenib-mediated effect is through inhibition of hypoxiainducible factor (HIF) pathway [4] . Although sorafenib has been verified as the first-line systematic drug for HCC treatment, especially at its advanced-stage, it failed to fulfill the anticipated goals, demonstrating limited survival benefits with the extremely low response rates [5 , 6] . The patients who are initially sensitive to sorafenib will eventually develop sorafenib resistance, tumor recurrence and progression. Moreover, high-dose sorafenib results in toxicities, including diarrhea and hand-foot syndrome [3 , 7] . In order to overcome such limitations, sorafenib combined with other drug may be more efficient and less toxic.

        1-methylpropyl 2-imidazolyl disulfide (PX-12), an irreversible thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) inhibitor, has been reported to exhibit antitumor activity [8] . Trx-1 is proved to be a proto-oncogene through promoting tumor proliferation and inhibiting the spontaneous and drug-induced apoptosis. Overexpression of Trx-1 significantly increases the expression of HIF-1 and promotes HIF-1 transactivation in cancer cells. Moreover, Trx-1 increases the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)and results in tumor angiogenesis [9] .

        The better strategy for the treatment of HCC should include not only suppressing tumor angiogenesis, but also inducing antihypoxic effect in HCC cells. Evidences have proven that the aberrant activation of signaling pathways contributes to the initiation and progression of HCC [5] . A previous study has shown many target-drug treatments of HCC with a combination of sorafenib and other chemotherapeutic drugs or other targeted therapeutic drugs [6] . However, the efficacy of Trx-1 inhibitor PX-12, in combination with sorafenib in HCC cells is unclear.

        We used Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8; Dojindo, Kumamoto,Japan) to explore the efficiency of sorafenib and PX-12 on two HCC cell lines (Huh-7 and SMMC-7721, Fig. 1 ). We observed that both liver cancer cell lines have similar sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of sorafenib, with IC-50 value higher than 6 μmol/L. However,PX-12 had different influences on these cell lines. Huh-7 showed higher sensitivity to PX-12, whereas SMMC-7721 was more resistant, with the IC-50 value higher than 25 μmol/L. It showed that both sorafenib and PX-12 can have toxic effects on HCC cells.

        To examine the antitumor effects of the combined treatment of sorafenib and PX-12 in a preclinical setting, we checked the cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of sorafenib with or without PX-12 on HCC cell lines. After the 72 h of drug treatment, we used CCK-8 to detect the cell viability of these two HCC cell lines.As expected, combination of sorafenib and PX-12 reduced viability in all the cell lines more effectively than either drug alone. To further explore whether sorafenib and PX-12 have synergistic effect on HCC cells, we used the CompuSyn software to calculate combination index values of each dose, and the results indicated that sorafenib (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 μmol/L) and PX-12 (10 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L) have synergistic effect on these HCC cells, which was not cell-specific ( Fig. 1 ). These results indicate that combination of sorafenib and PX-12 can exert an enhanced cytotoxic effect on HCC cell lines.

        As both sorafenib and PX-12 play significant roles in HCC cell lines, especially in cell viability, we examined the effect of these two drugs on cell death either alone or in combination. As both the drugs have different activities in HCC cell lines, we chose Huh-7 cell line for further experiments. First, we examined the effect of sorafenib alone on the cells ( Fig. 2 ), and we observed that sorafenib induced cell death in a concentration dependent manner.Then, we checked the combined effect of sorafenib and PX-12,and we found that as the drug concentration increased, the death rate of Huh-7 cell line also increased ( Fig. 2 ). Thus, we concluded that the combination of sorafenib and PX-12 can decrease cell viability through cell death pathway. Furthermore, we observed that as the drug concentration increased, the expression of PARPcleaved also increased, while the expression of BCL-2 decreased( Fig. 2 C).

        Fig. 1. A-B: Effects of sorafenib and PX-12 on cell viability. Concentration-dependent effects of sorafenib and PX-12 on cell viability ( n = 6); C-D: Synergistic interaction between sorafenib and PX-12 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells ( n = 6). ?: P < 0.01 compared with sorafenib alone; #: P < 0.01 compared with PX-12 alone. The combination index (CI) values and the fraction affected (Fa) for each dose were used to generate the Fa-CI plots by CompuSyn software (right). CI values < 1 represent synergism.

        Fig. 2. A: Effects of co-treatment (72 h) on cell apoptosis in Huh-7 cell line. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry; B: Bar graph for flow cytometry ( n = 3;??: P < 0.01; ???: P < 0.001); C: Western blots to test the effects of different concentrations of sorafenib and sorafenib + PX-12 on apoptosis-related proteins in Huh-7 cells.Actin was as loading control.

        Our study has demonstrated that PX-12 and sorafenib displayed a synergistic efficiency in killing HCC cells, and that these two drugs synergistically inhibited cell viability of HCC cells by inducing PARP related cell apoptosis. Our study showed that the combination of PX-12 and sorafenib could be a promising strategy for advanced HCC treatment. However, further animal experiments are needed and underlying mechanisms should be explored.

        In conclusion, our results revealed that PX-12 and sorafenib have synergistic antitumor effect on HCC cells, which may provide a new horizon for the development of anti-HCC targeted therapies.

        CRediT authorship contribution statement

        Lin-Ping Cao:Investigation, Writing - original draft.Chen Zhang:Investigation, Writing - original draft.Xiao-Yu Weng:Investigation, Writing - original draft.Hai-Yang Xie:Data curation,Formal analysis.Jian Wu:Conceptualization, Funding acquisition,Writing - review & editing.Shu-Sen Zheng:Conceptualization,Funding acquisition, Writing - review & editing.

        Funding

        This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 81874228 ) and the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province( 2015C03034 ).

        Ethical approval

        Not needed.

        Competing interest

        No benefits in any form have been received or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article.

        久久久国产精品123| 国产男女乱婬真视频免费| 最新国内视频免费自拍一区| 色婷婷精品久久二区二区蜜桃| 成人午夜性a级毛片免费| 国产成人v爽在线免播放观看| 亚洲精品高清av在线播放| 国产亚洲精品精品综合伦理| 2020无码专区人妻系列日韩| 中文字幕av日韩精品一区二区| 亚洲巨乳自拍在线视频| 天堂69亚洲精品中文字幕| 亚洲国产精品激情综合色婷婷| 国产欧美成人一区二区a片| 亚洲成人小说| 久久久精品国产视频在线| 中文字幕第一页人妻丝袜| 国产精品人妻一码二码| 日本免费人成视频播放| 精品国精品自拍自在线| 国产福利一区二区三区在线视频| aaa级久久久精品无码片| AV人人操| 久久久人妻精品一区bav| 欧美多人片高潮野外做片黑人 | 久久精品夜夜夜夜夜久久| 蜜桃av观看亚洲一区二区| 国产乱码一区二区三区精品| 人人爽久久涩噜噜噜av| 精品推荐国产精品店| 精品人妻一区二区三区蜜桃| 午夜大片在线播放观看| 一区二区三区人妻无码| 午夜a福利| av免费在线播放观看| 久久久久99精品成人片直播 | 亚洲av乱码国产精品观| 色噜噜久久综合伊人一本| 婷婷五月综合缴情在线视频| 国产极品美女到高潮视频| 国产亚洲精品av一区|