難詞探意

1. hemisphere n. 半球

2. demise n. 消亡；終止

3. titan n. 巨人；巨頭

4. garish adj. 花哨的；耀眼的

5. outfit n. 全套服裝

6. snarky adj. 諷刺挖苦的

7. scruffy adj. 邋遢的；臟亂的

8. metabolic adj. 新陳代謝的

9. empowerment n. 授權(quán)

10． femininity n. 女子氣質(zhì)

11. prudish adj. 迂腐守舊的

12. sartorial adj. 衣著的；服裝的

原文復(fù)現(xiàn)

Summer's approaching in the northernhemispherebrings with it a dilemma that plagues every office worker. What does a casual dress code mean in practice? The happy medium between looking like Kim Kardashian and Hagrid the giant is hard to pin down. Goldman Sachs has just implemented a “flexible dress code” although the executive memo noted that “casual dress is not appropriate every day”.

①For men,the move to casual dress seems entirely positive. ②Few people will mourn thedemiseof the tie, a functionally useless garment that constricted male necks for a century. ③The tie became standard office wear from the 1920s. ④In the 1990s ties started to go out of fashion because technologytitansand hedge-fund managers refused to wear them—and were rich enough to ignore social convention. ⑤Once,when Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook, was to meet a venture capitalist, he turned up wearing his pyjamas.

On days without meetings, men can slob out in T-shirts (though not toogarish) and jeans, and no one will think the worse of them. Arriving in shorts or without socks is another matter entirely. But dressing in the morning is quick and easy. Steve Jobs was famous for wearing the sameoutfit—black polo neck, jeans and trainers—every day.

But what works well for men does not translate as easily to women. Karl Stefanovic, an Australian television presenter, wore the same blue suit every day for a year and no one noticed. By contrast, his female co-presenters received constant remarks on their appearance. Even the Duchess of Cambridge,Kate Middleton, getssnarkycomments when she wears the same clothes twice.

Women's workwear seems to have become less formal over time. But many women worry that they will be judged as unprofessional (unlike their male colleagues) if their clothes are deemed to be tooscruffy, or too revealing. It can also be hard to choose clothes that are suitable for both indoors and out. Air-conditioning systems in offices are often designed to suit the malemetabolicrate, which can cope with colder temperatures than the female body. The result may be that women have to bring an extra layer to wear in the building.

As for formal meetings, while men have abandoned the tie, many women feel obliged to wear high heels. These give some women a sense ofempowermentandfemininity(not to mention extra height).But in health terms, heels can seem like the Western equivalent of the ancient Chinese practice of foot-binding—bad for women's feet, ankles and backs and designed to limit their mobility.

Companies understandably want workers who deal with the public to look respectable.Workers shouldn't wear clothes that wouldn't be appropriate if visiting a prudish grandmother or a child's teacher.And yet no one should be expected to turn up at the office as if dressed for a wedding. The most important item to bring to work is a dose ofsartorialcommon sense.

—FromThe Economist

閱讀檢測(cè)

1. The underlined word in paragraph 1 can be replaced by.

A. troubles B. satisfies C. disappoints D. controls

2. Why did ties become out of fashion in the 1990s?

A. Most male workers can't afford to buy ties.

B. Rich people began ignoring the social convention.

C. Managers from large companies forbade wearing ties.

D. Mark Zuckerberg advocated casual and comfortable dress.

3. Which of the statements does the author probably agree with?

A. It is unfair for women to wear high heels.

B. It is necessary for workers to wear ties.

C. Workers tend to dress casually in summer.

D. People should dress depend on different occasions.

文本探究

著裝對(duì)于許多職業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)很重要的因素，尤其是在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)。 隨著夏季的來(lái)臨，許多公司規(guī)定可以由嚴(yán)肅笨重的職業(yè)裝轉(zhuǎn)向靈活的便裝。 但對(duì)女性來(lái)說(shuō)，這些似乎沒(méi)那么容易了，不重復(fù)著裝和在正式會(huì)議上穿高跟鞋似乎成了她們的一種義務(wù)。

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)梳理：

典型段落段內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

Para. 2

Ⅰ.難句分析

1. Once, when Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook, was to meet a venture capitalist, he turned up wearing his pyjamas.

本句中的the founder of Facebook作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中Mark Zuckerberg的同位語(yǔ)， 修飾從句主語(yǔ)。 when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句是“he turned up wearing his pyjamas”。

2. Workers shouldn't wear clothes that wouldn't be appropriate if visiting a prudish grandmother or a child's teacher.

本句為主從復(fù)合句，“Workers shouldn't wear clothes”為主句，that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞clothes，if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

Ⅱ.寫(xiě)作推薦

Women's workwear seems to have become less formal over time. 隨著時(shí)間的推移， 女性的工作服似乎變得不那么正式了。

【信息提取】over time 意為“隨著時(shí)間的流逝”，常伴隨完成時(shí)態(tài)的使用。

【句式仿寫(xiě)】隨著時(shí)間的流逝，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。

TOP 著裝原則

TOP是三個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞的縮寫(xiě)，它們分別代表時(shí)間(Time)、目的(Object)和地點(diǎn)(Place)，即著裝應(yīng)該與當(dāng)時(shí)的時(shí)間、所處的目的和地點(diǎn)相協(xié)調(diào)。

時(shí)間原則

不同時(shí)段的著裝規(guī)則對(duì)女士尤其重要。 而她們的著裝則要隨時(shí)間而變換。 白天工作時(shí)，女士應(yīng)穿著正式套裝，以體現(xiàn)專(zhuān)業(yè)性;晚上出席雞尾酒會(huì)就須多加一些修飾，如換一雙高跟鞋，戴上有光澤的佩飾，圍一條漂亮的絲巾;服裝的選擇還要適合季節(jié)氣候特點(diǎn)，保持與潮流大勢(shì)同步。

目的原則

衣著要與目的協(xié)調(diào)。與顧客會(huì)談、參加正式會(huì)議等，衣著應(yīng)莊重考究;聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)或看芭蕾舞，則應(yīng)按慣例著正裝;出席正式宴會(huì)時(shí)，則應(yīng)穿中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)旗袍或西方的長(zhǎng)裙晚禮服;而在朋友聚會(huì)、郊游等場(chǎng)合，著裝應(yīng)輕便舒適。 試想一下，如果大家都穿便裝，你卻穿禮服就有欠輕松;同樣地，如果以便裝出席正式宴會(huì)，不但是對(duì)宴會(huì)主人的不尊重，也會(huì)令自己頗覺(jué)尷尬。

地點(diǎn)原則

在自己家里接待客人，可以穿著舒適但整潔的休閑服;如果是去公司或單位拜訪，穿職業(yè)套裝會(huì)顯得專(zhuān)業(yè);外出時(shí)要顧及當(dāng)?shù)氐膫鹘y(tǒng)和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，如去教堂或寺廟等場(chǎng)所，不能穿過(guò)露或過(guò)短的服裝。

參考譯文

北半球夏季的到來(lái)帶來(lái)了一個(gè)難題，這個(gè)難題困擾著每一位上班族。 休閑的著裝實(shí)際上意味著什么呢？既像金·卡戴珊這樣前衛(wèi)，又像巨人海格一樣隨意的折中方案很難確定。 高盛集團(tuán)剛剛實(shí)施了一項(xiàng)“靈活著裝規(guī)定”，雖然執(zhí)行備忘錄籠統(tǒng)地提到“休閑著裝并不適合每天穿”。

對(duì)男性而言，轉(zhuǎn)向休閑裝似乎是非常積極的。 幾乎沒(méi)有人會(huì)為領(lǐng)帶的消亡而哀悼，一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，領(lǐng)帶一直束縛著男性的脖子，在功能上毫無(wú)用處。 自20世紀(jì)20年代起，領(lǐng)帶變成了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的辦公室著裝。 20世紀(jì)90年代，領(lǐng)帶開(kāi)始不再流行，因?yàn)榭萍季揞^和對(duì)沖基金經(jīng)理拒絕打領(lǐng)帶——并且他們的財(cái)富足以讓他們忽視社會(huì)公約。有一次，臉書(shū)創(chuàng)始人馬克·扎克伯格要會(huì)見(jiàn)一名風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本家，他穿著睡衣就來(lái)了。

不開(kāi)會(huì)的時(shí)候，男性可以穿T恤（雖然不能太花哨）和牛仔褲，沒(méi)人會(huì)認(rèn)為他們很糟糕。 穿短褲或不穿襪子則完全是另一回事。 但是早上穿這些衣服又快又容易。 史蒂夫·喬布斯以每天穿同樣的衣服而聞名——黑色圓高翻領(lǐng)衫、牛仔褲和運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋。

適合男性的服裝卻不太適合女性。 澳大利亞電視節(jié)目主持人卡爾·斯特凡諾維奇一年來(lái)每天都穿同樣的藍(lán)色套裝，但沒(méi)有人注意到。相比之下，他的女同事們則不斷收到關(guān)于她們外表的評(píng)論。 就連劍橋公爵夫人凱特·米德?tīng)栴D也會(huì)因?yàn)閮纱未┩患路艿郊饪痰呐u(píng)。

隨著時(shí)間的推移，女性的職業(yè)裝似乎變得不那么正式了。但是，許多女性擔(dān)心如果她們的衣服被認(rèn)為太過(guò)邋遢或太暴露，自己會(huì)被認(rèn)為不夠?qū)I(yè)（和她們的男同事不同）。要挑選既適合室內(nèi)又適合戶(hù)外的衣服也很困難。辦公室的空調(diào)系統(tǒng)通常是為適應(yīng)男性的新陳代謝率而設(shè)計(jì)的，相比女性，男性可以應(yīng)對(duì)更低的溫度。 結(jié)果可能是，女性不得不在大樓里多穿一件外套。

至于正式的會(huì)議，雖然男性已經(jīng)不再打領(lǐng)帶了，但許多女性覺(jué)得有必要穿高跟鞋。 高跟鞋給了一些女性一種賦權(quán)感和女性氣質(zhì)（更不用說(shuō)更高的身高了）。 但就健康而言，高跟鞋就像是古代中國(guó)裹腳布的西方版本——對(duì)女性的腳跟、腳踝和背都不好，還會(huì)限制她們的行動(dòng)。

公司希望和公眾打交道的員工看起來(lái)體面，這是可以理解的。 在拜訪守舊的祖母或孩子的老師時(shí)，員工們不應(yīng)該穿著不合時(shí)宜的服裝。 但任何人都不應(yīng)該穿出席婚禮的衣服現(xiàn)身辦公室。 上班時(shí)需要攜帶的最重要的物品是一劑著裝常識(shí)。