1. Metal Chopsticks金屬筷子

Unlike the Chinese and Japanese who use wooden chopsticks， South Koreans usually use metal chopsticks.

The reason for using metal over wood is unclear， but some theories suggest it was for hygiene reasons， or the scarcity of quality timber making metal cheap. The other unique thing about South Korean chopsticks is that they are always accompanied by a metal spoon.

This is because of the large number of soup-like dishes eaten at a South Korean meal. In fact， most South Korean meals involve soup and rice primarily （with kimchi on the side of course）， with other side dishes being optional. When the table is set， the spoon always goes to the left of the chopsticks.

與中國人和日本人使用的木筷子不同，韓國人常常使用的是金屬筷子。

使用金屬筷子而非木筷子的原因尚不清楚，但是一些觀點認為是衛(wèi)生方面的原因，或者是優(yōu)質(zhì)木材的奇缺使金屬制筷子更為便宜。韓國筷子的另一個特點是它們總是會跟金屬勺子配套使用。

這是因為韓國餐飲中有大量湯類食物。事實上，韓國大部分食物以湯和米飯為主（泡菜在菜的一邊），而其他配菜是可供自由選擇的。在布置餐桌時，勺子總是被放在筷子的左邊。

2. What goes where？如何擺放

There is a particular order to the placement of things on a South Korean table. At each place setting you have rice， then to its right you have soup， then the chopsticks on the far right. Stews and side dishes are arranged in the center of the table for everyone to share. And here share means that even the stews are usually eaten by everyone from a communal pot. When sharing from a communal pot make sure your spoon is very clean—this is done with the mouth—not a napkin. In other words， when eating off your spoon， dont leave anything behind before dipping it again.

韓式餐桌物品的擺放是有一定秩序的。首先從擺放米飯的位置開始，它的右側(cè)是放湯的位置，筷子則是放在右側(cè)較遠的地方。燉菜和配菜應放在餐桌的中間，供大家一起分享。這里所說的分享，是指大家從一個公共的鍋里取食物。當你從鍋里取食物的時候，要保證你的勺子是非常干凈的。但千萬不要用紙巾來擦干凈，而是用你的嘴巴。換句話說，在你再次把勺子伸進鍋里之前，要保證勺子在離開你的嘴后，上面沒有殘留任何食物。

3. Right Tools正確的工具

You should use the right tools for the job—in South Korean food that means you eat your rice with a spoon. So often on video clips online of non-South Koreans eating bibimbap （mixed rice） you see them struggling to stir up their rice and vegetables with their chopsticks. They should be using a spoon！ It is very easy to mix up bibimbap this way and， of course， it means you get to eat it much faster as everything must be mixed well first. The spoon is also used for soups， stews， and porridges. Chopsticks are there to help you pick up pieces of meat or vegetables from a barbecue， or to take side dishes.

吃飯時須用對工具——這句話放在韓國餐飲中的意思是說吃米飯要用勺子。在網(wǎng)上的視頻短片中，你會時?？吹椒琼n國人吃韓國拌飯（什錦飯）時在努力地用筷子攪拌米飯和蔬菜。他們應該用勺子！用勺子攪拌韓國拌飯是很輕松的事。勺子也用于喝湯、吃燉菜和喝粥。在韓國，筷子是用來夾燒烤架上的肉片或蔬菜，或者用來夾一些配菜。

4. Good Manners良好的禮儀

It can be considered rude if you dont eat all of your rice. It is not necessary to finish all of the side dishes on the table， but the rice is a must. You should never blow your nose at the table—this is considered to be one of the rudest actions possible. Other banned acts： leaving chopsticks in your bowl between bites， eating with your mouth open， talking with your mouth full， overeating， and using your hands to pick up dishes. You should also not start eating before the oldest person at the table starts. When you have finished eating， your spoon and chopsticks return to the place from where they came： on the table.

如果你不把碗里的飯全部吃完，則會被視為沒有教養(yǎng)的行為。餐桌上的菜可以不吃完，但米飯是必須要吃完的。不要在飯桌上擤鼻涕，因為這被視為最不禮貌的行為之一。其他禁止的行為還包括：咀嚼食物時把筷子放在碗里，咀嚼食物時張嘴，嘴里有東西時說話，吃得太多和用手取食物。吃飯時，你應當?shù)茸钅觊L的人開吃之后才動筷子。吃完飯以后，把你的勺子和筷子放到它們最初在餐桌上的位置。

5. Drinking Manners飲酒禮儀

At the table you should not pour your own liquor—someone else will pour it for you （hold your glass with two hands while it is being filled）， and in turn， you should pour drinks for them. If you are serving a drink to someone older than you， use two hands to hold the bottle. Make sure your companions glass is never empty. The next rule may sound tedious， but South Koreans are much more aware of social order so it is quite important. When ?drinking with someone higher than you on the social ladder （either in age， business rank， or social rank） you should turn your head away from them when you take a sip. This is done as a sign of deference.

在餐桌上你不應該自己給自己倒酒——有人會為你倒的（別人為你倒酒時，你必須用雙手捧起杯子），反過來，你也應該為他們倒酒。如果給比你年長的人倒酒，那么用雙手拿酒瓶。確保你同伴的杯子里總是有酒。接下來的這個規(guī)矩可能聽起來很無趣，但韓國人特別注重社會秩序，所以這條規(guī)矩相當重要。和社會階層（在年齡、職位或社會地位方面）比你高的人一起喝酒時，你不應該面對著他們，而應該把頭扭開小口酌酒。這是一種表達敬意的姿態(tài)。

Word Study

scarcity /'ske?s?ti/ n. 缺乏;不足;稀少

communal /k?'mju?nl/ adj. 共有的，共用的

tedious /'ti?di?s/ adj. 冗長的;令人厭煩的

We had to listen to the tedious details of his operation.

deference /'def?r?ns/ n. 尊重;遵從

The women wore veils in deference to the customs of the country.