一篇好文章至少要做到內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)齊全，無(wú)遺漏信息點(diǎn);語(yǔ)言地道高級(jí);篇章結(jié)構(gòu)要清晰，分段和過(guò)渡詞要自然。寫(xiě)好作文要從寫(xiě)對(duì)句子開(kāi)始，所以大家一定要寫(xiě)對(duì)各司其職的八大句子成分，寫(xiě)好萬(wàn)變不離其宗的五種基本句式，避免作文中出現(xiàn)常見(jiàn)的詞匯類(lèi)、語(yǔ)法類(lèi)和漢語(yǔ)式英語(yǔ)等三類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤。再次，使用高級(jí)表達(dá)增分，適當(dāng)使用不落俗套的亮點(diǎn)詞匯和整齊和諧的并列句，使用富有文采的狀語(yǔ)從句和吸引眼球的定語(yǔ)從句，插入靈活好用的名詞性從句，再加上言簡(jiǎn)意明的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，使用彰顯水平的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、倒裝句型和There be句型以及被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、倍數(shù)和比較句型等。最后寫(xiě)好主題句和拓展句，注意各種文體寫(xiě)作的基本特征，加上完美的謄寫(xiě)。如此寫(xiě)作，一定會(huì)使文章讀起來(lái)抑揚(yáng)頓挫，讓考生深厚的語(yǔ)言功底得以體現(xiàn)，閱卷老師一定會(huì)毫不猶豫地將你的作文定位于五檔。

一、使用亮點(diǎn)詞匯

使用亮點(diǎn)詞匯，就要“語(yǔ)”眾不同，避免人云亦云;更新?lián)Q代，避免重復(fù);單詞與短語(yǔ)巧妙互換;嘗試用高年級(jí)學(xué)到的詞匯代替低年級(jí)學(xué)到的詞匯。如：

1. Of the two， I think the latter is the better.

→Of the two， the latter wins my favor.

2. So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up， we are sure to achieve success.

→So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up， we are bound to achieve success.

二、靈活使用各種句型，如狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句，避免頭重腳輕的it句式

狀語(yǔ)從句主要包括時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、讓步、比較、方式、目的和結(jié)果九類(lèi)從句。如：

（2017·天津高考書(shū)面表達(dá)）? ?While it has been more than a year since you taught us English， Ive missed you a lot.

盡管你教我們英語(yǔ)才一年多，我真的很想念您。

定語(yǔ)從句的正確使用能夠反映出考生對(duì)于語(yǔ)言是否具有較高的掌握能力，所以建議考生一定要在寫(xiě)作中至少使用一個(gè)恰到好處的定語(yǔ)從句。如：

（2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá)）? ?As we all know， the outstanding English short film， Growing Together， is interesting to watch.

我們都知道，《一起成長(zhǎng)》這部?jī)?yōu)秀的英文短片看起來(lái)很有趣。

名詞性從句是高中階段重要的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一，也是寫(xiě)作中常用的高級(jí)表達(dá)。它包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。在寫(xiě)作中，如果我們能夠把兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并為一個(gè)含有名詞性從句的復(fù)合句，或者把一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句擴(kuò)展成為含有名詞性從句的復(fù)合句，對(duì)寫(xiě)作都是一種質(zhì)的升華。如：

1. In addition， what may interest you most is that I am really nervous and upset when taking the exam. 另外，可能最使你感興趣的是，考試時(shí)我真的既緊張又煩躁。

2. Most people hold the belief that education can change ones fate. 多數(shù)人持有這樣的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，教育能改變?nèi)说拿\(yùn)。

it除了用作人稱(chēng)代詞外，還常用作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也可以用在一些固定句型中。靈活地運(yùn)用it句式可使文章更高級(jí)，結(jié)構(gòu)更緊湊。如：

1） This book is so well written. It is no wonder that its so popular worldwide. 這本書(shū)寫(xiě)得如此好，難怪它在全世界那么受歡迎。

2） Therefore， it goes without saying that it is this motto that brings me motivation and encouragement. 因此，不用說(shuō)，就是這句箴言給我?guī)?lái)了動(dòng)力和鼓勵(lì)。

3） It is universally acknowledged / It is well known that learning English well will be of great benefit to us all. 眾所周知，學(xué)好英語(yǔ)對(duì)我們大家都大有益處。

4） Id appreciate it if you dont tell anybody about this. 這件事你不說(shuō)出去的話(huà)，我會(huì)感激不盡。

5） When it comes to the season I like best， spring will always occur to me in no time.

（2016·四川高考書(shū)面表達(dá)）? ?當(dāng)談到我最喜歡的季節(jié)，我會(huì)立刻想到春天。

三、妙用言簡(jiǎn)意明的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，彰顯水平的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、倒裝句型和There be句型

眾所周知，文章中出現(xiàn)過(guò)多的簡(jiǎn)單句會(huì)讓人覺(jué)得單調(diào)乏味，句子與句子之間的關(guān)系顯得松散;而文章中過(guò)多地出現(xiàn)復(fù)合句又顯得累贅，讀起來(lái)費(fèi)勁。而恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，不僅顯得句式多樣，句子活潑，而且讀起來(lái)結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，言簡(jiǎn)意明。

如：

1. 下面兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。

In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”.

It aims to introduce American customs and the life of high school students.

→In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”， aiming to introduce American customs? and the life of high school students.

2. The boys were making the most of time. They wanted to finish the work earlier.

→The boys were making the most of time so as to finish the work earlier. （用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)）

3. Since you have realized that your time is limited， youll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.

→Having realized that your time is limited， youll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.

4. There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with those who have no musical training. 有明顯的證據(jù)表明，與那些沒(méi)受過(guò)音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練的孩子相比，上音樂(lè)課的孩子有更好的記憶力。

5. A bus full of passengers was reported to have gone out of control on a highway south of the city. 據(jù)報(bào)道，一輛滿(mǎn)載乘客的公共汽車(chē)在市南的一條公路上失去了控制。

6. In the picture， a boy in worn clothes sits beside a wooden table with a pile of bamboo books on it. 在畫(huà)中，一個(gè)穿著破舊衣服的男孩坐在木桌旁邊，桌上有一堆書(shū)簡(jiǎn)。

7.? ?（2017·浙江高考應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作）? ?It is because its a good chance for you to learn the natural knowledge of China and make new friends that we really wish you can join us. 正是因?yàn)檫@是你學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)的自然知識(shí)和結(jié)交新朋友的好機(jī)會(huì)，我們真的希望你能加入我們。

8. It was not until all the fish in the river died out that the villagers realized how serious the pollution is. 直到河里所有的魚(yú)都死光了，村民們才意識(shí)到污染是多么嚴(yán)重。

9.? ?（2018·北京高考書(shū)面表達(dá)）? ?We do hope there will be more meaningful activities in the coming future. 我們確實(shí)希望今后有更多有意義的活動(dòng)。

10.? ?（2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá)）? ?Only when you come to China can you experience Chinese food cultures. 只有來(lái)到中國(guó)，你才能體驗(yàn)中國(guó)的飲食文化。

11.? ?（2018·天津高考書(shū)面表達(dá)）? ?So interested in the competition are some of my classmates and I that we have formed a group to take part in it. 我和我的一些同學(xué)對(duì)比賽非常感興趣，以至于我們組織了一個(gè)小組來(lái)參加比賽。

12.? ?（2017·浙江6月高考寫(xiě)作）? ?At eight on the morning of October 1， we are to gather at the gate of Orient Hotel， and there will be a minibus waiting for us. 十月一日上午八點(diǎn)，我們將在東方賓館門(mén)口集合，將有一輛小型公共汽車(chē)等著我們。

13. There is no denying that more and more plastics will come into use in our daily life. 不可否認(rèn)的是，越來(lái)越多的塑料將用于我們的日常生活中。

14.? ?（2018·北京高考書(shū)面表達(dá)）? ?There is no doubt that you should learn some basic Chinese in advance. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，你應(yīng)當(dāng)提前學(xué)習(xí)一些基本的漢語(yǔ)。

四、用途各異的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、委婉動(dòng)聽(tīng)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣、倍數(shù)和比較句型

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、倍數(shù)和比較等句型在寫(xiě)作中都屬于高級(jí)句式，它們的合理運(yùn)用都能給文章增色添彩。如：

1. To enlarge vocabulary， we should read more native materials.

→To enlarge vocabulary， more native materials should be read.

2. Without your help， I couldnt have won first place in the English Speaking Competition. 要是沒(méi)有你的幫助，我不可能在英語(yǔ)演講比賽中獲得第一名。

3. After the new technique was introduced， the production of cars this year is twice as much as that of last year. 引進(jìn)新技術(shù)后，今年汽車(chē)的產(chǎn)量是去年的兩倍。

4. As for wild release and controled release， I prefer the latter one to the former one.? 對(duì)于自由分享和定向分享，我喜歡后者勝過(guò)前者。

注意：在使用高級(jí)句式和復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要注意分寸，應(yīng)根據(jù)書(shū)面表達(dá)的內(nèi)容和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)而定，做到長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合，地道得體，千萬(wàn)不能生搬硬套，畫(huà)蛇添足。

五、詞順意暢的銜接

銜接與過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)的使用是語(yǔ)言連貫性得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的最常用手段。沒(méi)有這些詞語(yǔ)則文章顯得松散，語(yǔ)義無(wú)法有效地銜接。因此，為了使行文流暢，上下文語(yǔ)義連貫，在句與句之間，段與段之間恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍┏猩蠁⑾碌倪B接 （過(guò)渡） 性詞語(yǔ)是非常必要的。表示起始關(guān)系的過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)有：above all， to begin / start with， today， now， nowadays， at present， currently， recently，? generally speaking， according to， with the development of...等;表示時(shí)間順序的過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)有：firstly， first of all， to begin / start with， then， later， in the end， finally， at last， after that， afterwards， since then， immediately， suddenly， meanwhile等;表示并列關(guān)系的過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)有：and， or，? also， as well as， neither... nor...， not only...but also...， either...or...， not...but...等;表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)有：but， yet， however， while， otherwise， on the contrary， though， although， even if / though， despite， in spite of， regardless of等;表示因果關(guān)系的過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)有：because， as， since， for， thanks to， due to， as a result of， so， therefore， as a result / consequence等;表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)有：whats more， furthermore， moreover， besides， whats worse， still less， to make matters worse， worse still， on the one hand...on the other hand...， for one thing...for another thing...等;表示列舉事實(shí)的過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)有：such as， for example / instance， take... for example， that is to say， as follows， in? other words等;表示觀(guān)點(diǎn)的過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)有：in my opinion， in my view， from my point of view， as far as I am concerned， as for me， personally等;表示總結(jié)的過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)有：in short， in brief， in conclusion， in a / one word，? to sum up， all in all， on the whole， in general等。

如下面短文中過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)above all， besides， meanwhile， for one thing， for another thing， personally， in a word， recently的使用。

Recently， it has been a great public concern that the students lack selfprotection awareness.

There is a lack of social experience among students and therefore learning how to protect ourselves is of great significance to us all. For one thing， security comes first. Without security， we can achieve nothing and cannot live up to parents expectations. For another thing， protecting ourselves contributes to the healthy development of the students， which is associated with the happiness of every family. Meanwhile， it also? helps to build a more harmonious society.

Personally， in order to protect us students， above all， we should strengthen our security awareness. Besides， when accidents occur， we should calm down and turn to teachers or parents for help. The government also plays a leading role in protecting students. In a word， only by the combined efforts of every side involved can we live and study in harmony.

（作者：毛春霞，江蘇省泰州市第三高級(jí)中學(xué)）