河南鄭州市惠濟(jì)區(qū)實(shí)驗(yàn)小學(xué) 侯 潔

Almost all the teachers of sciencedesiretheir students to developenquiring mindsand apositive attitudefor exploring andinterpretingthe environment.Most of the primary students are interested in learning science,as science is not only fun,but also amazing sometimes.However,how can you learn the subject Science well? You need to know the aims of this subject first.

幾乎所有的科學(xué)教師都希望他們的學(xué)生發(fā)展質(zhì)疑思維和積極態(tài)度，來探索和解釋身邊的事物。大多數(shù)小學(xué)生都對學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)感興趣，因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)不僅有趣，有時(shí)也很神奇。然而，怎樣才能學(xué)好科學(xué)這門學(xué)科呢？你需要先知道這門課的目標(biāo)。

I.The aims of the subject Science

一、科學(xué)這門學(xué)科的目標(biāo)

The aims of the subject Science are to ensure:

1.students enjoy science and develop their skills at their own rate within a safe environment.

科學(xué)這門學(xué)科的目標(biāo)就是確保：

1.學(xué)生喜歡科學(xué)，在安全的環(huán)境中以自己的節(jié)奏發(fā)展自己的技能。

2.theacquisitionoffactual knowledge,concepts,skills and attitudes which can have both a present and a futureinfluenceon a student’s ability to cope with the environment.

2.獲得事實(shí)性知識(shí)、概念、技能和態(tài)度，這些知識(shí)、概念、技能和態(tài)度可以對學(xué)生應(yīng)對環(huán)境的能力產(chǎn)生當(dāng)下和未來的影響。

3.interesting,exciting and relevant experiences are presented in order togeneratealifelonginterest in the environment and developaesthetic awareness.

3.獲得有趣的、令人興奮的和有關(guān)聯(lián)的體驗(yàn)，以激發(fā)對周邊事物的終身興趣，培養(yǎng)審美意識(shí)。

4.students become scientificallyliterateso they areequippedto make informed andresponsibledecisions.

4.學(xué)生具備科學(xué)素養(yǎng)，能夠做出明智的和負(fù)責(zé)任的決策。

5.that science educationempowersstudents in adynamicworld enabling them to manage andinitiatechange.

5.科學(xué)教育增強(qiáng)學(xué)生在這千變?nèi)f化的世界中的能力，使他們能夠管理和開始嘗試變革。

6.Students are reported against their scientific knowledge and understanding,recognizingscience as a humanendeavourandspecificskills andprocessesused during science,such asdiagramsandgraphs,reports,hypothesisandpredictingsolutions.Students also learn about thefairnessof testing and safe procedures when completing experiments.

6.學(xué)生們與他們的科學(xué)知識(shí)和理解產(chǎn)生沖突，認(rèn)識(shí)到作為人類的努力和人類的特殊技能與進(jìn)程的科學(xué)在科學(xué)實(shí)踐中得到應(yīng)用，如圖表、報(bào)告、假設(shè)和預(yù)測解決方案。當(dāng)學(xué)生們完成實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，還會(huì)了解到測試的公正性和程序的安全性。

II.The three strands of the subject Science

There are threeinterrelatedstrands to be taught:

二、科學(xué)學(xué)科的三個(gè)方面

科學(xué)學(xué)科有三個(gè)相互關(guān)聯(lián)的方面要教給學(xué)生：

●understanding physical sciences,chemical sciences,biological sciences,geographical sciences,space sciences,environment sciences and environment protection;

● 理解物理科學(xué)、化學(xué)科學(xué)、生物科學(xué)、地理科學(xué)、空間科學(xué)、環(huán)境科學(xué)和環(huán)境保護(hù)；

● Science as a human endeavour,incorporating the nature and development of science,its use and influence;

● 科學(xué)作為人類奮斗的成果，包括科學(xué)的性質(zhì)和發(fā)展、科學(xué)的應(yīng)用和影響；

●Scienceinquiryskills-questioning and predicting,planning and conducting,processing andanalyzing data,evaluatingand communicating.

● 科學(xué)探究技能——提出問題和預(yù)測結(jié)果、制訂計(jì)劃和執(zhí)行計(jì)劃、處理數(shù)據(jù)和分析數(shù)據(jù)、評價(jià)和交流。

Together,the three strands of the subject Science provide students with understanding,knowledge and skills through which they can develop a scientific view of the world.Students are challenged to explore science,its concepts,nature and uses through clearly described inquiry processes.

這三個(gè)方面共同為學(xué)生提供了理解、知識(shí)和技能，通過這些知識(shí)和技能，他們可以形成科學(xué)的世界觀。學(xué)生們在通過清晰描述探究過程來探索科學(xué)、科學(xué)的概念、性質(zhì)和用途方面面臨挑戰(zhàn)。

III.Approaches to learn the subject Science well

Almost all the experienced Science teachers believe that the following approaches are efficient for students to learn the Science well.

三、學(xué)好科學(xué)這門學(xué)科的途徑

幾乎所有有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的科學(xué)教師都認(rèn)為，以下方法對學(xué)生學(xué)好科學(xué)這門學(xué)科是有效的。

1.Be interested

Find out their termly topics (most schools will provide this information each term,or you can always ask your teacher)and take an interest -find relevant books in the school library or bookshops,do some research,brush up your own knowledge about the topic! Then you can have interesting conversations where you are both learning at the same time.

1.產(chǎn)生興趣

找出他們的學(xué)期主題（大多數(shù)學(xué)校每學(xué)期都會(huì)提供這方面的信息，或者你可以隨時(shí)問你們的老師）并對其感興趣——在學(xué)校圖書館或書店找到相關(guān)書籍，做一些研究，復(fù)習(xí)一下你自己關(guān)于這個(gè)主題的知識(shí)！然后，當(dāng)你和同學(xué)們同時(shí)都在學(xué)習(xí)這方面的科學(xué)時(shí)，你們可以進(jìn)行有趣的對話。

2.Take a trip

Why not take a trip to a science museum,a zoo or anaquarium? These don’t necessarily need to be completelyrelated towhat you are learning about at school.Any visit can help yourcuriosityandengagementwith science generally.

2.開展旅行

為什么不去科學(xué)博物館、動(dòng)物園或者水族館走一趟呢？這些不一定要和你在學(xué)校學(xué)到的知識(shí)完全相關(guān)。任何參觀都可以有助于你產(chǎn)生好奇和增進(jìn)對科學(xué)的一般了解。

3.Make it personal

Find out about famous scientists and researchuniqueand exciting inventions up to and including the present day.Who knows,you may have the nextThomas EdisonorMarie Curieat home!

3.使之個(gè)性化

了解到目前為止的一些著名科學(xué)家、獨(dú)特研究和令人興奮的發(fā)明（包括今天）。說不定下一個(gè)托馬斯·愛迪生或瑪麗·居里可能就是你呢！

4.Get hands-on

Look up fun,practical science experiments you can do at home with everyday objects.

4.親自動(dòng)手

找一些你可以在家里用生活用品就可以做的有趣的、實(shí)用的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。

For example:

Ask“What happens when you mix food colouring in milk?”Then add washing up liquid and watch what happens.Also,youmay get to know whether hot water and cold water mix at once by colouring hot water and pouring it into a glass in which there is cold water.

例如：

提出問題：“當(dāng)你在牛奶中混合食用色素時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么？”然后，往牛奶中加入洗滌液，觀察會(huì)發(fā)生什么。另外，你可以通過給熱水上色并把它倒進(jìn)有冷水的玻璃杯里，來弄明白熱水和冷水是否混合。

Why not try making your own mini explodingvolcano? Just addbicarbonateofsoda,food colouring,washing up liquid and vinegar.Then stand back and watch the eruption!

為什么不試著自己做一個(gè)小型火山噴發(fā)呢？只需加入碳酸氫鈉、食用色素、洗滌液和醋。然后，你就退后看火山噴發(fā)吧！

Cooking is also a great opportunity to mixingredients,add heat andexaminechanging states.

烹飪也是一個(gè)很好的機(jī)會(huì)來混合原料和加熱過程，也是一個(gè)絕佳的觀察原料狀態(tài)變化的機(jī)會(huì)。

Try exploring changing states with ice and water to begin to see those changes that can bereversedand those that can’t.

嘗試用冰和水探索變化的狀態(tài)，開始看到那些可以逆轉(zhuǎn)的變化和那些不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的變化。

A real favourite would have to be“gloop”— use water andcornflour(add food colouring too if needed) to explore solids and liquids.Just be prepared toget messy!

最受歡迎的應(yīng)該是“黏稠物”——用水和玉米粉（如果需要，還可以添加食用色素）來探索固體和液體。要有把東西弄得一團(tuán)糟的思想準(zhǔn)備！

Of course,there are also some wonderful sciencekitsavailable to buy to push your scientists further– makingcrystals,rocketsand evenbouncy balls.

當(dāng)然，也有一些很好方便購買的科學(xué)工具，以進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)你成為科學(xué)家——制造晶體、火箭和彈力球。

Anything where you can behands-onand see the science happen in front of their eyes isguaranteedto be get them interested.

任何眼前你可以親自動(dòng)手、親眼看到發(fā)生的科學(xué)現(xiàn)象，都能讓你產(chǎn)生興趣。

Notes:

desire v.想要；需求

enquiring minds 質(zhì)疑意識(shí)

positive attitude 積極的態(tài)度

interpret v.解釋

acquisition n習(xí)得

factual knowledge 事實(shí)性知識(shí)

concept n.概念

influence n.影響

generate v.生成；產(chǎn)生

lifelong adj.終身的

aesthetic adj.審美的

awarenes v.意識(shí)

literate adj.有文化的

equip v.武裝；配備

responsible adj.負(fù)責(zé)任的

empower v.給以力量

dynamic adj. 動(dòng)態(tài)的

initiate v.啟動(dòng)

recognize v.認(rèn)識(shí)到

endeavour n.努力

specific adj.特別的；特殊的

process n.進(jìn)程

diagram n.圖表

graph n.表；圖表

hypothesis n.假設(shè)

predict v.預(yù)測

fairness n.客觀；公正

strand n.方面

interrelated adj.相互關(guān)聯(lián)的

inquiry n.質(zhì)疑

analyze data 數(shù)據(jù)分析

evaluate v.評估；評價(jià)

termly adj.定期的

topic n.主題；話題

aquarium n.水族館

related to 與……有關(guān)聯(lián)

curiosity n.好奇心

engagement 對……的了解

unique adj.特別的；有個(gè)性的

Thomas Edison 【人名】托馬斯·愛迪生

Marie Curie 【人名】瑪利亞·居里

volcano n.火山

bicarbonate n.碳酸氫鹽

soda n.蘇打

ingredient n.原料；要素

reverse v.顛倒

gloop n.糊狀物

cornflour n.玉米糊

get messy 弄得一團(tuán)糟

kit n.日用品

crystal n.晶體

rocket n.火箭

bouncy ball 彈力球

hands-on n.動(dòng)手（做事）

guarantee v.保證