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        代謝綜合征及其組分與前列腺增生手術(shù)病人下尿路癥狀相關(guān)性

        2020-04-12 00:00:00袁星辰王文杰姚榆夏瑞琴張桂銘孫立江

        [摘要] 目的 探討代謝綜合征(MetS)及其組分與良性前列腺增生(BPH)病人下尿路癥狀(LUTS)的相關(guān)性。方法 選取2015年10月—2018年12月因LUTS就診于青島大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院的908例BPH病人,根據(jù)是否合并MetS分為兩組,其中合并MetS組132例,不合并MetS組(對(duì)照組)776例。采集兩組病人空腹血檢測(cè)前列腺特異性抗原、血糖及血脂水平,并比較兩組間國(guó)際前列腺癥狀評(píng)分(IPSS)、儲(chǔ)尿期評(píng)分和排尿期評(píng)分的差異。結(jié)果兩組間前列腺特異性抗原水平差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05),血糖、三酰甘油及高密度脂蛋白膽固醇水平比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=2.357~7.183,Plt;0.05)。合并MetS組病人的IPSS及儲(chǔ)尿期評(píng)分顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=5.940、10.114,Plt;0.01),兩組間排尿期評(píng)分差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05)。在MetS的組成成分中,是否合并腹型肥胖和高血壓與IPSS具有相關(guān)性(r=-0.035、0.168,Plt;0.05)。結(jié)論 MetS可加重BPH病人的LUTS,預(yù)防治療MetS可能對(duì)BPH病人的LUTS的改善有一定作用。

        [關(guān)鍵詞] 代謝綜合征;前列腺增生;下尿路癥狀;癥狀評(píng)估

        [中圖分類號(hào)] R697.32 "[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A "[文章編號(hào)] 2096-5532(2020)02-0194-05

        doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.040 [開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID)]

        [網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版] http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20200320.1519.004.html;2020-03-23 11:43:43

        [ABSTRACT] Objective To investigate the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). "Methods A total of 908 patients with BPH who attended The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University due to LUTS from October 2015 to December 2018 were enrolled, and according to the presence or absence of MetS, they were divided into MetS group with 132 patients and control group (without MetS) with 776 patients. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure prostate-specific antigen, blood glucose and blood lipids, and the two groups were compared in terms of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), urine storage score, and micturition score. "Results There was no significant difference in prostate-specific antigen between the Mets group and the control group (t=0.284,Pgt;0.05), and there were significant differences between the two groups in blood glucose, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (t=2.357-7.183,Plt;0.05). The MetS group had significantly higher IPSS and urine storage score than the control group (t=5.940,10.114;Plt;0.01), and there was no significant difference in urination score between the two groups (Pgt;0.05). Among the components of MetS, the presence or absence of abdominal obesity and hypertension was associated with IPSS (r=-0.035, 0.168;Plt;0.05). "Conclusion MetS can aggravate LUTS in patients with BPH and prevention and treatment of MetS may help to improve LUTS in BPH patients.

        [KEY WORDS] metabolic syndrome; prostatic hyperplasia; lower urinary tract symptoms; symptom assessment

        下尿路癥狀(LUTS)包括尿頻、尿急、排尿困難等,多見于60歲以上的老年人,在男性其主要病因是良性前列腺增生(BPH)[1-3]。LUTS嚴(yán)重影響病人的生活質(zhì)量,病情嚴(yán)重者甚至?xí)l(fā)生急性尿潴留,死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也隨之上升[4-5]。已有研究表明,BPH導(dǎo)致后尿道延長(zhǎng)、受壓變形、狹窄和尿道阻力增加,引起膀胱高壓并出現(xiàn)相關(guān)排尿期癥狀。隨著膀胱壓力的增加,出現(xiàn)膀胱逼尿肌代償性肥厚并引起相關(guān)儲(chǔ)尿期癥狀,LUTS的出現(xiàn)不僅歸因于BPH,它還與代謝綜合征(MetS)密切相關(guān)[6-7]。MetS是指一種以多種代謝異常發(fā)生在同一個(gè)體為特點(diǎn)的綜合征,如糖代謝紊亂、脂代謝紊亂、肥胖、高血壓等[8-11]。有研究認(rèn)為,MetS導(dǎo)致LUTS的發(fā)生可能與慢性高糖血癥、氧化應(yīng)激和自主神經(jīng)病變有關(guān),這些病理生理狀態(tài)均會(huì)加重LUTS,而MetS中的各組分也是潛在的可控制的危險(xiǎn)因素。因此,控制MetS的發(fā)生及進(jìn)展,對(duì)促進(jìn)BPH病人的LUTS控制可能具有積極的意義[12]。MetS被認(rèn)為是BPH及其相關(guān)LUTS發(fā)生及發(fā)展的獨(dú)立影響因素[13-14]。然而,有關(guān)MetS及其組分與LUTS程度相關(guān)性的研究較少,有待通過(guò)臨床研究提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。本研究擬通過(guò)回顧性調(diào)查,探討青島地區(qū)BPH病人MetS及其各組分與LUTS的相關(guān)性?,F(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。

        1 資料與方法

        1.1 研究對(duì)象

        選取2015年10月—2018年12月青島大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院收治、經(jīng)手術(shù)和病理確診為BPH病人908例,年齡48~90歲,平均(73.2±5.8)歲。病人均行手術(shù)治療,且經(jīng)病理檢查確診為BPH;合并明確的LUTS;BPH為首次手術(shù)治療;病人臨床、實(shí)驗(yàn)室、病理資料完善。根據(jù)《中國(guó)泌尿外科疾病診斷治療指南》(2014版)診斷BPH,排除尿路感染、尿道狹窄、前列腺癌、急性前列腺炎、膀胱頸攣縮、膀胱腫瘤、神經(jīng)源性膀胱、膀胱結(jié)石及其他影響排尿功能的疾病。根據(jù)《非酒精性脂肪性肝病防治指南》(2018更新版)中MetS的定義,存在以下3項(xiàng)及以上代謝性危險(xiǎn)因素為MetS。①腹型肥胖:腰圍>90 cm(男性)或>85 cm(女性);②高血壓:動(dòng)脈血壓≥17.3/11.3 kPa,或者正在應(yīng)用降血壓藥物;③高三酰甘油(TG)血癥:空腹血清TG≥1.7 mmol/L或者正在服用降血脂藥物;④低高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)血癥:空腹血清HDL-C<1.0 mmol/L(男性)或<1.3 mmol/L(女性);⑤高糖血癥:空腹血糖(FBG)≥5.6 mmol/L,或餐后2 h血糖≥7.8 mmol/L,或有2型糖尿病家族史。依據(jù)以上診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),908例BPH病人中有132例合并有MetS(Ⅰ組),776例不合并MetS(Ⅱ組)。本研究通過(guò)青島大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)審批。

        1.2 數(shù)據(jù)和標(biāo)本采集

        病人入院后收集年齡、身高、體質(zhì)量、吸煙史等基本信息。禁食8 h后采集空腹靜脈血,檢測(cè)FBG、TG、HDL-C、前列腺特異性抗原(PSA)等指標(biāo)。對(duì)病人進(jìn)行國(guó)際前列腺癥狀評(píng)分(IPSS)、儲(chǔ)尿期評(píng)分以及排尿期評(píng)分。行前列腺超聲檢查,計(jì)算前列腺體積(PV)。PV=0.52×左右徑×前后徑×上下徑。

        1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法

        應(yīng)用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理。符合正態(tài)分布計(jì)量資料采用±s形式表示,組間比較采用兩獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料的比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)為α=0.05。

        2 結(jié) "果

        2.1 一般資料相關(guān)指標(biāo)比較

        Ⅰ組和Ⅱ組病人的體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)、FBG、TG、HDL-C,是否合并腹型肥胖,是否合并高血壓、糖尿病、冠心病等比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=2.357~10.182,χ2=10.182~177.245,Plt;0.05),兩組年齡、PSA、前列腺體積、吸煙及飲酒史等比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05)。見表1。

        2.2 兩組MetS組分個(gè)數(shù)與IPSS、儲(chǔ)尿期評(píng)分及排尿期評(píng)分的相關(guān)性

        兩組IPSS、儲(chǔ)尿期評(píng)分比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=5.940、10.114,Plt;0.01),兩組間排尿期評(píng)分比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05)。見表2。使用箱式圖將MetS組分個(gè)數(shù)分別與IPSS、儲(chǔ)尿期評(píng)分及排尿期評(píng)分進(jìn)行比較,結(jié)果顯示隨著MetS組分個(gè)數(shù)增加,IPSS、儲(chǔ)尿期評(píng)分升高(r=0.585、0.683,Plt;0.05),而排尿期評(píng)分則未見規(guī)律性變化(Pgt;0.05)。見圖1~3。

        2.3 MetS組分與IPSS相關(guān)性

        進(jìn)一步分析MetS各個(gè)組分與所有病人IPSS的相關(guān)性,結(jié)果顯示,是否合并有腹型肥胖、是否合并高血壓病人的IPSS差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(r=-0.035、0.168,Plt;0.05);而是否合并有高TG血癥、高糖血癥、低HDL-C血癥組分IPSS比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05)。見表3。

        3 討 "論

        隨著社會(huì)人口的老齡化,BPH的患病率也在逐年增加,已經(jīng)成為一種常見的世界性疾病,也是引起男性LUTS的主要病因[15-16]。BPH以前列腺增大和尿道狹窄為特征,部分病人由于疾病進(jìn)展緩慢,病人可能會(huì)習(xí)慣這些癥狀而未早期進(jìn)行診治,導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)突然的急性尿潴留,或是出現(xiàn)慢性尿潴留伴腎衰竭[17-18]。BPH是前列腺細(xì)胞非惡性增殖的結(jié)果,盡管增殖的病因尚不清楚,但與其相關(guān)的已知因素是衰老和睪丸分泌的雄性激素減少。另有研究表明,代謝紊亂包括胰島素抵抗、血脂異常和肥胖等可能在BPH的發(fā)展中起作用[19-23]。本研究探討MetS與BPH病人LUTS的相關(guān)性,并進(jìn)一步分析MetS組分與IPSS的相關(guān)性,為進(jìn)一步提高BPH病人的生活質(zhì)量提供診療思路。

        2016年,WANG等[20]進(jìn)行的薈萃研究分析表明,BPH伴MetS病人的前列腺體積和前列腺體積生長(zhǎng)率明顯高于未伴MetS病人,LUTS持續(xù)時(shí)間明顯延長(zhǎng),該項(xiàng)研究納入了包含中國(guó)、意大利、土耳其、伊朗等5個(gè)國(guó)家的8項(xiàng)研究,均為高質(zhì)量研究。鑒于前列腺體積增大與LUTS有直接關(guān)系,本文進(jìn)一步研究了是否合并MetS與IPSS、儲(chǔ)尿期評(píng)分及排尿期評(píng)分的相關(guān)性,結(jié)果顯示合并MetS的病人IPSS和儲(chǔ)尿期評(píng)分顯著增加,兩組病人的排尿期評(píng)分并無(wú)明顯差異;并且隨著MetS組分個(gè)數(shù)的增加,IPSS、儲(chǔ)尿期評(píng)分及排尿期評(píng)分均升高。HAKIMI等[24]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),人們通過(guò)改變生活方式可以有效地減輕MetS引起的相關(guān)病癥,這樣對(duì)于BPH-LUTS病人圍術(shù)期LUTS的改善及后續(xù)的手術(shù)治療會(huì)產(chǎn)生較大幫助,有助于病人術(shù)后身體恢復(fù)。還有研究結(jié)果顯示,服用他汀類藥物病人LUTS累積發(fā)生率低、尿流率高,并且BPH發(fā)生率低,推薦應(yīng)用降血脂藥物改善病人的MetS狀態(tài),從而減輕BPH病人的LUTS癥狀[25]。GRZESIAK[26]等進(jìn)一步分析了BPH病人MetS與炎癥脂質(zhì)介質(zhì)的關(guān)系,結(jié)果顯示BPH合并MetS病人炎癥脂質(zhì)介質(zhì)可能影響生化和激素水平,而炎癥在BPH的發(fā)病機(jī)制中起著重要作用,提示LUTS與BPH和MetS有著密不可分的關(guān)聯(lián),而其分子機(jī)制還有待進(jìn)一步研究。本文的研究結(jié)果顯示,合并MetS的BPH病人IPSS評(píng)分及儲(chǔ)尿期評(píng)分顯著高于單純BPH病人,提示MetS及其危險(xiǎn)因素對(duì)BPH病人LUTS的發(fā)生、進(jìn)展及分級(jí)等有重要影響;進(jìn)一步分析MetS的組分個(gè)數(shù)與IPSS、儲(chǔ)尿期評(píng)分及排尿期評(píng)分的相關(guān)性,結(jié)果顯示MetS組分個(gè)數(shù)與病人IPSS及儲(chǔ)尿期評(píng)分呈正相關(guān),提示MetS的發(fā)生及進(jìn)展可加重BPH病人的LUTS,而MetS的篩查及控制對(duì)BPH的防治可能具有積極意義。

        FU等[27]對(duì)525例患有LUTS的病人進(jìn)行了3年的隨訪研究,結(jié)果表明MetS組分中的高糖血癥和高血壓會(huì)加速老年男性BPH的臨床進(jìn)展。但本文研究結(jié)果表明,MetS組分中的腹型肥胖和高血壓會(huì)增加IPSS分?jǐn)?shù),即加速BPH的臨床進(jìn)展。也有研究結(jié)果表明,因MetS而導(dǎo)致的LUTS病人人數(shù)正在增加,然而MetS并不是LUTS惡化的決定因素[28]。還有研究納入了經(jīng)前列腺摘除術(shù)后的BPH病人,分析其LUTS仍然存在的原因可能是多種代謝危險(xiǎn)因素引起的系統(tǒng)性疾病[29]。關(guān)于MetS是否能加重LUTS,以及是哪種組分起主導(dǎo)作用,尚存在爭(zhēng)議。此外,本研究納入的對(duì)象均為經(jīng)手術(shù)治療的BPH病人,并未包含未就診的以及保守治療的輕癥BPH病人;本文病人的癥狀相對(duì)較重,其IPSS評(píng)分也偏高,不能代表全部的BPH病人,可能會(huì)對(duì)結(jié)果造成一定的影響。因此,本研究結(jié)果有待擴(kuò)大樣本量進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。

        由于老齡人口的增加和飲食習(xí)慣的改變,MetS作為一種復(fù)雜的全球性疾病,其患病率正在逐年上升[30]。MetS與包括泌尿生殖系統(tǒng)在內(nèi)的多器官系統(tǒng)的損害、功能障礙和衰竭有關(guān),它與需要治療的BPH顯著相關(guān)[31-32]。本文結(jié)果顯示,MetS組分中的腹型肥胖、高血壓等誘導(dǎo)的代謝紊亂在加重BPH所導(dǎo)致的LUTS中具有重要的作用。通過(guò)促進(jìn)飲食結(jié)構(gòu)的改變和經(jīng)常的體育鍛煉可以預(yù)防和減輕MetS,增加體力活動(dòng)可顯著降低LUTS的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn),盡管其機(jī)制尚未明確,但其臨床意義已經(jīng)得到了較為廣泛的認(rèn)可。MetS病人進(jìn)行血壓控制、脂代謝調(diào)節(jié)及血糖調(diào)節(jié)可顯著改善LUTS及MetS,對(duì)提高BPH病人的生活質(zhì)量,減少尿潴留發(fā)生,降低手術(shù)干預(yù)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均有重要的臨床意義。

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        (本文編輯 黃建鄉(xiāng))

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