陳霄雯,賈品,楊杪,錢莉玲,周文浩
摘要:目的 ?了解兒科醫(yī)院職工對基于學科評估優(yōu)化激勵政策的意愿強弱,分析影響職工意愿的相關因素,為醫(yī)院管理層制定相關激勵政策提供參考依據(jù)。方法 ?于2019年3月~5月采用自制調(diào)查問卷以網(wǎng)絡問卷的形式向我院職工推送調(diào)查問卷,調(diào)查醫(yī)院激勵機制的實施情況、職工對醫(yī)院激勵機制的滿意情況,分析職工對學科評估導向的激勵政策的意愿及其影響因素。結(jié)果 ?共回收有效問卷427份,涵蓋了臨床、護理、醫(yī)技、行政管理等各類崗位,涉及共43個科室。約3/4的職工對醫(yī)院的激勵制度的了解程度在一般及以下。認為醫(yī)院采取的激勵措施效果比較好和非常好的占33.73%。醫(yī)院職工對學科評估導向優(yōu)化激勵政策的整體意愿得分(3.62±0.75)分,介于“一般”與“愿意”之間,更靠近“愿意”。各二級維度中,調(diào)整帶薪休假天數(shù)、調(diào)整醫(yī)務人員數(shù)量、調(diào)整科研配套經(jīng)費、調(diào)整研究生招生名額及分配進修交流名額這五項意愿得分高于平均意愿得分,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);分配晉升名額、調(diào)整床位數(shù)量、年終科研獎勵進行調(diào)整、對規(guī)/專培招錄名額進行調(diào)整這四項意愿得分與平均意愿得分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);分配每月薪資、分配季度獎、分配年終獎三項意愿得分低于平均意愿得分,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。根據(jù)學科評估結(jié)果調(diào)整醫(yī)院激勵政策總體意愿(St)的影響因素有性別(女性>男性)、學歷(大專及以下>碩士>本科>博士及以上)和工作崗位(其他>行政>護士>醫(yī)技>醫(yī)生)。結(jié)論 ?兒科醫(yī)院職工對醫(yī)院的激勵機制還不是非常了解,醫(yī)院應加強激勵制度的宣傳公告。醫(yī)院采取的激勵措施效果一般,但職工對學科評估導向優(yōu)化激勵政策表現(xiàn)出較強的意愿,管理層可優(yōu)先考慮從調(diào)整帶薪休假天數(shù)、調(diào)整醫(yī)務人員數(shù)量、調(diào)整科研配套經(jīng)費、調(diào)整研究生招生名額、分配進修交流名額等政策入手,調(diào)整優(yōu)化激勵政策方案。制定激勵政策時,可根據(jù)不同對象分類制定,針對意愿較弱的人群,可加大激勵力度,以充分調(diào)動每一類職工的主觀能動性,推動學科發(fā)展。
關鍵詞:兒科醫(yī)院;激勵政策;學科評估;意愿;影響因素
中圖分類號:R197 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.22.024
文章編號:1006-1959(2019)22-0079-05
A Study on the Willingness to Optimize the Incentive Policy of Staff in Children's Hospital of Fudan University Based on Disciplirary ?Evaluation and Its Influencing Factors
CHEN Xiao-wen1,JIA Pin1,YANG Miao2,QIAN Li-ling1,ZHOU Wen-hao3
(1.Department of Scientific Research,Children's Hospital of Fudan University,Shanghai 201102,China;
2.Department of Integrated Affairs Management,National Children's Medical Center,
Children's Hospital of Fudan University,Shanghai 201102,China;
3.Department of Neonatology,Children's Hospital of Fudan University,Shanghai 201102,China)
Abstract:Objective ?To understand the willingness of employees in children's hospital of fudan university to optimize incentive policies based on disciplinary assessment, and to analyze the relevant factors affecting the will of employees, and to provide reference for hospital management to formulate relevant incentive policies.Methods ?From March to May 2019, using self-made questionnaires to send questionnaires to our staff in the form of online questionnaires, to investigate the implementation of hospital incentives, the satisfaction of employees on hospital incentives, and to analyze the orientation of employees' evaluation of disciplines. The willingness to encourage policies and its influencing factors.Results ?A total of 427 valid questionnaires were collected, covering various positions in clinical, nursing, medical technology, and administrative management, involving a total of 43 departments. About 3/4 of the employees have a general understanding of the hospital's incentive system in the general and below. It is believed that the incentive measures adopted by the hospital are relatively good and very good, accounting for 33.73%. The overall willingness of hospital staff to optimize the incentive policy for disciplinary assessment (3.62±0.75) is between "general" and "willing" and closer to "willingness". In each of the second-level dimensions, the five willingness scores of adjusting the number of paid vacation days, adjusting the number of medical staff, adjusting the funding for scientific research, adjusting the number of postgraduate enrollment and allocation of training exchange quotas are higher than the average willingness score,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the assignment promotion quota, adjustment of the number of beds, year-end research awards adjustment, adjustment of the rules/special training quotas, the four willingness scores and the average willingness score,the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05); the distribution of monthly salary, distribution quarterly award and allocation year-end award were lower than the average willingness score,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). According to the results of the disciplinary assessment, the overall influencing factors of the hospital incentive policy (St) are gender (female > male),education (College and below > Master's degree > Bachelor > Doctoral and above) and Jobs (Other > Executive > Nurse > Medical Technology > Doctor). Conclusion ? ?Pediatric hospital staff are not very aware of the hospital's incentive mechanism, and hospitals should strengthen the promotion and promotion of incentive systems. The incentive measures adopted by the hospital are not satisfactory, but the employees show a strong willingness to optimize the incentive policies for the discipline evaluation. The management can give priority to adjusting the number of paid vacation days, adjusting the number of medical personnel, adjusting the research supporting funds, and adjusting the graduate enrollment quota. We will allocate policies such as training exchange quotas and adjust and optimize incentive programs. When formulating incentive policies, they can be formulated according to different objects. For those with weak will, they can increase incentives to fully mobilize the subjective initiative of each type of employees and promote the development of disciplines.
Key words:Children's hospital;Incentive policy;Subject assessment;Willingness;Influencing factors
近年來,“兒科醫(yī)護荒”的問題受到社會廣泛關注。兒科醫(yī)護人員相較其他醫(yī)護人員職業(yè)風險更高、醫(yī)患矛盾更突出,離職率居高不下等諸多問題也日趨凸現(xiàn)。在當今社會對兒科醫(yī)護人員的迫切需求和亟需應對“患多醫(yī)少”兒科醫(yī)護人員超負荷工作的背景下,構(gòu)建一套科學合理的兒科醫(yī)護人員激勵方案,采取行之有效的激勵措施,已然成為當前的重要課題。為了充分了解兒科醫(yī)院對職工的激勵現(xiàn)狀,探索以學科評估導向優(yōu)化醫(yī)院激勵政策,引導學科資源配置,促進兒科醫(yī)院學科發(fā)展,本研究選擇我院職工為調(diào)研對象,于2019年3月~5月開展此次調(diào)查,現(xiàn)報告如下。
1對象與方法
1.1調(diào)查對象 ?以復旦大學附屬兒科醫(yī)院院內(nèi)職工為調(diào)查總體,涵蓋臨床、護理、醫(yī)技、行政管理等各類崗位,涉及共43個科室。調(diào)查樣本人群總數(shù)427人,男女比例約1∶4,年齡21~58歲,平均年齡(32.82±7.19)歲。
1.2方法
1.2.1調(diào)查工具 ?本調(diào)查問卷“復旦大學附屬兒科醫(yī)院職工激勵機制調(diào)查問卷”為自制調(diào)研問卷。問卷信度Cronbach's Alpha為0.961,效度KMO為0.927。問卷內(nèi)容包括:受訪者個人信息、醫(yī)院激勵機制相關情況、學科評估導向的激勵政策意愿3個部分。核心板塊為意愿調(diào)查板塊,設置了非常不愿意、不愿意、一般、愿意及非常愿意5個檔次,按照1~5計分。意愿調(diào)查共設置了4個一級維度,12個二級維度,分別為人事(每月薪資、季度獎、年終獎、休假、晉升)、臨床醫(yī)療(床位數(shù)量、醫(yī)護人員數(shù)量)、科研(配套經(jīng)費、科研獎勵)和教學(研究生招生名額、規(guī)/專培招錄名額、進修/交流名額)。
1.2.2調(diào)查方法 ?調(diào)查表通過問卷星系統(tǒng)制成網(wǎng)絡電子問卷,通過推送問卷二維碼或者網(wǎng)絡鏈接的形式經(jīng)OA系統(tǒng)發(fā)送給院內(nèi)職工,院內(nèi)職工以微信登錄后作答。數(shù)據(jù)通過問卷星系統(tǒng)自動收集,并導出成SPSS數(shù)據(jù)格式。
1.3統(tǒng)計學方法 ?運用SPSS 20.0分析軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計分析,計量資料采用(x±s)表示,比較行配對t檢驗,計數(shù)資料采用(%)表示,比較行?字2或Z檢驗,激勵政策意愿的影響因素分析用非參數(shù)秩和檢驗,檢驗水準α為0.05,P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1基本情況 ?本調(diào)查共回收有效問卷427份,樣本人群女性350人(81.98%),男女比例約1∶4,年齡35歲及以下295人(69.09%),已婚者271人(63.47%),未婚者148人(34.66%)。樣本人群學歷構(gòu)成順序前2位為本科(165人,38.63%)和碩士(100人,23.42%);所屬專業(yè)中,醫(yī)學(臨床)類255人(59.72%);所屬崗位中護士最多,202人(47.31%),醫(yī)生129人(30.21%),醫(yī)技73人(17.10%),其余還包括行政管理6人(1.41%)和其他17人(3.98%)。樣本人群在醫(yī)院的工作年限被納入本次調(diào)查的個人信息中,按照新職工、老職工和穩(wěn)定職工三類進行區(qū)分,其中穩(wěn)定職工(≥10年)所占比例最高,為162人(37.94%),超過1/3,老職工(3~9年)所占比例第2,為144人(33.72%),約占1/3,新職工(0~3年)所占比例相對較低,為121人(28.34%)。樣本人群中擔任行政職務者29人(6.79%),其余398人(93.21%)均屬于無行政職務的普通職工。
2.2醫(yī)院激勵機制現(xiàn)況
2.2.1職工對醫(yī)院激勵制度的了解情況 ?兒科醫(yī)院職工對醫(yī)院的激勵機制還不是非常了解,74.70%的職工對醫(yī)院的激勵制度的了解程度在一般及以下;對于激勵方式,半數(shù)以上的職工認為醫(yī)院有通過獎金、晉升、培訓進修、榮譽和薪酬這些方面對職工進行激勵,見表1。
2.2.2職工對醫(yī)院激勵機制的滿意情況 ?通過調(diào)查,兒科醫(yī)院職工認為醫(yī)院對職工采取的激勵措施效果比較好和非常好的占33.73%,認為效果一般及以下的占66.28%;醫(yī)院職工認為醫(yī)院提供的發(fā)展機會比其他醫(yī)院較好及以上的占42.86%,剩下的57.14%認為醫(yī)院發(fā)展機會一般或者不如其他同級醫(yī)院,見表2。
2.2.3職工對醫(yī)院激勵政策的建議 ?問卷的開放題“您對我院激勵政策有何建議?”回收到有效答案共59條建議,其中關于漲薪的建議占13條,關于調(diào)整臨床績效考核,完善分配制度的建議占11條,關于減輕臨床壓力、增加休假的建議占8條,關于減輕科研壓力的建議占7條,關于增加臨床人員配備的建議占5條,關于優(yōu)化晉升制度的建議占5條,關于增加進修培訓的建議占5條,關于普及學科評估和激勵制度的建議占3條,關于增加科研比重的建議占2條。
2.3學科評估導向的激勵政策意愿
2.3.1職工學科評估導向的激勵政策的意愿分析 ?職工平均意愿得分(3.62±0.75)分,介于“一般”與“愿意”之間,更靠近“愿意”。各二級維度中,調(diào)整帶薪休假天數(shù)、調(diào)整醫(yī)務人員數(shù)量、調(diào)整科研配套經(jīng)費、調(diào)整研究生招生名額、分配進修、交流名額這五項意愿高于平均意愿得分,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);分配晉升名額、調(diào)整床位數(shù)量、年終科研獎勵進行調(diào)整、對規(guī)/專培招錄名額進行調(diào)整這四項意愿與平均意愿得分比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);分配每月薪資、分配季度獎、分配年終獎這三項意愿低于平均意愿得分,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),見表3。
2.3.2學科評估導向的激勵政策意愿影響因素分析 ?以性別、年齡、學歷、最高學歷對應的專業(yè)、工作崗位、工作年限、是否擔任行政職務為自變量,以醫(yī)院激勵政策平均意愿為因變量,行秩和檢驗,結(jié)果顯示醫(yī)院激勵政策平均意愿的影響因素有性別(女性>男性)、學歷(大專及以下>碩士>本科>博士及以上)和工作崗位(其他>行政>護士>醫(yī)技>醫(yī)生),見表4。