建筑設(shè)計：MMX工作室

墨西哥災(zāi)難性的2017 年9 月大地震后，荷胡特拉是莫雷洛斯州受災(zāi)最嚴重的社區(qū)之一，城市中的許多建筑物和公共場所遭到破壞。以公共場所為媒介去重建身份認同、同時保持社區(qū)的信任是開展荷胡特拉中央花園項目的主要挑戰(zhàn)。

在項目歷程中，設(shè)計團隊始終保持著與當?shù)鼐用竦拿芮谢?。他們的建議和參與對項目的構(gòu)思和發(fā)展都至關(guān)重要。社區(qū)領(lǐng)袖、歷史學家、建筑師、政府和居民都成為這個開放的、高參與度的設(shè)計過程的積極參與者，通過MMX 工作室以設(shè)計手段來將想法實物化。

設(shè)計的核心概念來源于樹木。它們是在地震中幸存且未收到任何損傷的特殊元素。因此，從象征性的立場出發(fā)，荷胡特拉的市政中心似乎注定要成為“荷胡特拉中央花園”，從而借以植物的介質(zhì)來喚起人們對復(fù)原力的信念。

緊鄰花園生長的拱廊是對該地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)建筑的重譯。拱廊界定了城市所需要的市政和休閑活動的范圍。設(shè)計精心選擇了赭石色的手工磚作為主體材料，在鋪地部分使用了灰色玄武巖石材，并配以豐富的當?shù)刂脖环N類的種植。

只有通過理解和整理先前分離無序的空間，賦予每一處空間元素以全新的角色，并使其與原狀保有強烈的相互關(guān)聯(lián)，一座具有嶄新身份識別性的市民廣場才能夠誕生。

每處空間都獲得了各異的空間和體驗特性。有社區(qū)的休閑和聚會場所，也有市民廣場和露天論壇。空間識別并強化了使用者的通行、停留、休息與相遇。

經(jīng)過深思熟慮的建筑和景觀設(shè)計，開放的廣場上也產(chǎn)生了有蔭涼的區(qū)域，并在花園之中營造出豐富多樣的氛圍，從樹蔭下設(shè)有長條石椅的茂密植被區(qū)到鋪設(shè)硬質(zhì)鋪地并產(chǎn)生動態(tài)社會影響的市民廣場?！酰愜?譯）

1 城市規(guī)劃圖/Urban plan

2 實景/View of the Gardens

3 廣場空間規(guī)劃示意圖/Spatial configuration the squares

4 地震之后/After the earthquakes

5 實景/View of the Gardens

6.7 實景/Views of the Gardens

After the devastating 09/2017 earthquakes in Mexico, Jojutla was one of the most affected communities in the state of Morelos, suffering damage in multiple structures and public spaces.To rebuild an identity that uses public spaces as its media, while obtaining the community's approval was the major challenge for developing Jardines Centrales de Jojutla.

There was a close interaction at all times with the inhabitants of Jojutla. Their advice and participation were key to the conceptualisation and development of the project. Community leaders, historians,architects, government and the population were all actors of an open and participative process, which Estudio MMX materialised through the design process.

The core idea came from the trees. Unique elements that survived the earthquake standing without damage, therefore, in a symbolic stand, the Civic Centre of Jojutla was bound to become the"Central Gardens of Jojutla" evoking the concept of resiliency by means of the vegetation.

The arcades that coexist next to the gardens are structures reinterpreting the region's traditional architecture. They serve as frames for the civic and leisure events required by the city. The selected materials were artisanal ochre brick, basaltic grey stone for pavements and an extensive array of local flora species.

The generation of a civic square with a new identity was only possible by understanding and ordering the previously disarticulated spaces and giving each of the spatial elements a new role while keeping a strong relationship between them.

Different spatial and experience qualities were achieved for each of the spaces. Leisure and meeting points for the community, a civic square and openair forum. Spaces that recognise and fortify the transit, pause, leisure and encounter of their users.

The use of thoughtful architectural and landscape design generates shaded areas on the open plaza, creating diverse atmospheres throughout the gardens, ranging from a dense vegetation zone, with stone benches under tree shadows, to a civic square with hard pavements that holds its own social dynamics.□

8 拱廊3D圖示/3D diagrams of the arcades

9.10 實景/View of the Gardens

項目信息/Credits and Data

地點/Location: Jojutla, Morelos, Mexico

客戶/Client: CIDS Infonavit, Fundación Hogares

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: Jorge Arvizu, Emmanuel Ramírez, Diego Ricalde, Ignacio del Río

設(shè)計團隊/Design Team: Estudio MMX

合作者/Collaborators: Laura Alonso, Pablo Goldin, Daniel González, Diego González, Zabdiel Ramos

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計/Structural Design: BVG

施工/Construction: Retrat SA

景觀設(shè)計/Landscape: PAAR

材料及結(jié)構(gòu)/Material and Structure: 本地粘土磚/Local clay brick

建筑面積/Floor Area: 9144m2

造價/Cost: 28,000,000 MXN（約10,222,266.78 CNY）

設(shè)計及建成時間/Design-Built Time: 2018.02-2019.02

繪圖/Drawings: Estudio MMX

攝影/Photos: Dane Alonso

評論

王晨：喬朱特拉中央花園是喬朱特拉市在墨西哥大地震后建構(gòu)的新的公共空間，是災(zāi)難產(chǎn)生的創(chuàng)造力，因此結(jié)構(gòu)上的張力和穩(wěn)定性傳達了建筑的本源和生命所在。在新的公共建筑產(chǎn)生過程中，深度融合了當?shù)鼐用?、藝術(shù)家、意見領(lǐng)袖的共識，同時也凝結(jié)著城市歷史的記憶和對未來的期盼，隨著建筑逐漸成為當?shù)鼐用裆畹囊徊糠?，行走在紅磚花園之中會更深刻地體驗到當?shù)匚幕臍庀ⅰ?/p>

莫妮卡·阿雷利亞諾：該項目是對墨西哥殖民時期天井形式的重新闡釋，幾十年來，這種天井的形式由一系列的柱和拱形成的環(huán)廊構(gòu)成。與結(jié)構(gòu)相結(jié)合，這個概念由此生成了一系列基于手工制作的紅色隔斷與灰色玄武石材框架。拱廊在結(jié)構(gòu)上有著顯著的靈活性，看上去與大型傳統(tǒng)折紙類同。它們連接著特定的節(jié)點，根據(jù)空間意圖延伸或收縮。這里光線充足，游人的視線可以來自任意角落；這里也令人難忘，人們可以在開敞的環(huán)境中，體驗到豐富的光影變化。（龐凌波 譯）

Comments

WANG Chen: Jojutla Central Gardens is a new public space built in the city of Jojutla after the earthquakes in Mexico, and represents the creative power generated from a catastrophe. The tension and stability in structure conveyed the origin and life in architecture.During the process of the rebirth of this project,this new public architecture deeply integrated the consensus of the local residents, artists, and opinion leaders. This project also accumulated the memory of the city's history and the expectation of its future. As the architecture blends into the local residents' daily life, walking among the red-brick gardens would be an even more profound experience of the local culture.(Translated by WANG Xinxin)

Monica Arellano: This project is a reinterpretation of the colonial patios of Mexico which for decades have been framed by a perimeter corridor formed by a series of columns and arches. Mixed with structural criteria this concept results in a series of frames based on handmade red partition and gray stone basaltic. The arcades show an apparent flexibility from a structure that seems to be placed as large pieces of traditional folding paper. Linked at certain points, tend to extend or contract according to spatial intentions, are light enough to let the viewer's gaze appear from different angles but imposing enough to generate shadow games that contain the visitor without closing the sky.

11-13 實景/Views of the Gardens