吳濤
Module 9?Unit 1
一、詞匯
1. originally adv. (L35,
P15) 最初地,最早地,原始地,原先地
The school was originally very
small.這所學校當初很小。
【拓展】 original adj. 最初的,最早的,原始的,原先的。如:the original
plan原計劃
n. 原物,原作品,原文 read Marxs works in the original閱讀馬克思原著
【高考真題回放】 A dogs eating habit requires regular training before it is
established. (2019天津卷15)
A. properly?B.
widely
C. originally?D. temporarily
【解析】 A。本題考查副詞辨析。properly adv. 適當?shù)?,正確地,恰當?shù)?widely adv. 廣泛地,普遍地,范圍廣地;temporarily adv.
臨時地。根據(jù)句意:“狗的飲食習慣需要定期訓練才能養(yǎng)成”,選A。
2. ambiguous adj.(L1,
P14)模糊不清的,引起歧義的
His answer was ambiguous. 他的答復是含糊的。
ambiguous
requirement definitions模糊的需求定義
【拓展】 ambiguously adv.; ambiguousness n.
含混;歧義性
【高考真題回放】 The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But ??? explanations are hard to find.
(2017江蘇卷34)
A. alternative??B. aggressive
C. ambiguous??D.
apparent
【解析】 A。本題考查形容詞。alternative可供替代的;aggressive好斗的,有進取心的;ambiguous
模糊不清的,模棱兩可的,不明確的;apparent顯而易見的。句意:恐龍的消失未必是由天文事件引起的,但是難以找到其他解釋。故選A。
3.
occasion n. (P9) ①[C]時刻,時節(jié);②[C]重要的慶祝活動;③[U]場合,時機
Ive met with him on
several occasions. 我已見過他好幾次。
I bought a new dress just for the occasion.
就為這次活動,我買了一身新衣服。
The conference is an occasion for different countries
to exchange views. 這次大會是不同國家交流看法的一個好時機。
【拓展】 on occasion有時,間或;occasional
adj. 偶爾的;occasionally adv.偶爾地
【真題回放】 If ever the occasion arises ??? I
want advice, youre the first person Ill come to. (2016南通模擬)
A. when?B.
where
C. which?D. what
【解析】
A。本題考查occasion作為先行詞后接定語從句的用法。句意:如果有需要別人建議的情況出現(xiàn),我首先考慮到找你。occasion是先行詞,表示“時刻,時候”之意,定語從句中又缺少時間狀語,所以選when。
【高考真題回放】 An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island
discovered ??? a long lost antique Greek vase.(2013湖北卷30)
A. at
random?B. by chance
C. in turn?D. on occasion
【解析】 B。at random任意地,隨便地;by chance偶然地,意外地;in turn轉而,反過來,依次;on
occasion有時,間或;此處是指一個藝術家偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個古希臘花瓶,所以選B。解題的關鍵在于正確理解和把握固定詞組的多個含義。
4. owe
vt. (L18, P14) 欠某人錢;歸功于;歸因于,常見的用法有:
owe sb. money欠某人錢;owe sb. for sth.因為某事虧欠某人;owe it to sb. to do sth.做某事歸功于某人;owe sb. an apology /
explanation欠某人一個解釋或道歉
【拓展】 owing to因為,表示原因的同義詞組有:due to; as a result of;
on account of; thanks to等等。
【真題回放】 ???his broken legs, Tom was forced to abandon the coming provincial sports meeting, which made him very
depressed.(2015揚州期末)
A. In case of?B. In terms of
C. On top
of?D. On account of
【解析】 D。本題考查介詞短語。句意:因為腿斷了,湯姆不得不放棄即將到來的省運會,這讓他非常沮喪。in
case of萬一;in terms of就……而言;on top of除……之外;on account of因為,由于。根據(jù)句意選D正確。
5. equip vt. (L25, P14) 裝配,配備,常見用法:be equipped to do裝備來做某事;equip sth. / sb. with sth.用…… 對某事/某人進行裝備;equip sb. with sth.使某人具備某種知識、技能等;equip sb. to do
sth.使某人具備某種知識、技能來做某事
The soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons.
士兵們配備著最新式的武器。
So he gives millions of yuan to equip others for their
research in medicine. 于是他拿出好幾百萬元幫助其他人進行醫(yī)學研究。
【拓展】 be equipped
with裝配,安裝;be equipped for準備好,對……有準備;equipment n.設備,裝備(不可數(shù)名詞)
【高考真題回放】
She ??? the carpet with some very nice curtains in color.(2013江西卷31)
A.
connected?B. fitted
C. equipped?D. matched
【解析】 D。句意:她把彩色的漂亮窗簾與地毯搭配起來。A. connect... with“用……把……連接起來”;B. 與fit經(jīng)常搭配的介詞是to“使……適合……,適應”;C. equip... with... “用……裝備、使具備”;D. match... with
“使……相配”。
二、短語、句型或語法
6. For those who love natural recreation, it is possible to walk, sail, crosscountry ski for hours—or even days—without meeting another person. (L11, P2) 對于熱愛戶外娛樂活動的人來說,參加遠足、帆船運動, 越野滑雪時,
他們可能好幾個小時甚至好幾天都碰不到一個人。
【點撥】
who引導定語從句,在從句中擔任主語,不能省略。由于先行詞是those,不用that引導。
【拓展】
定語從句考點一:從句必須用陳述句語序;考點二:關系詞的使用。在限制性定語從句中,關系代詞的選用通常依據(jù)下表:
關系副詞在定語從句中起狀語作用,它的選用可依據(jù)下表:
注:①非限制性定語從句中不能用that和why引導。②其他引導詞不能省略。③as引導限制性定語從句時,主要用于“such...as”和 “the same...as”的結構中,用來代替such和the same所修飾的名詞,在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。在“the
same...as”結構中,as也可以用that來代替。由as引導的非限制性定語從句用來修飾整個主句時,從句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后,均須要逗號與主句隔開;而which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。
【高考真題回放】 We have entered into an age ??? dreams have the best chance of coming true.
(2019江蘇卷21)
A. which?B. what
C. when?D. that
【答案】
C。先行詞age表時間,用when引導定語從句。句意:我們已經(jīng)進入了一個夢想最有可能實現(xiàn)的時代。
【點撥】 possible 表示(做某件事是)可能的,不能用某人或某物做主語。掌握這樣兩個句型:It is possible / probable / likely (for sb.)
to do sth.;sb. / sth. is likely to do sth.
她可能解決那個問題。
[×] She
is possible to solve the problem.
[√] It is possible for her to solve
the problem. = She is likely to solve the problem.
【高考真題回放】 Studies show that people are more ??? to suffer from back problems if they always sit before
computer screens for long hours. (2010陜西卷22)
A. likely?B.
possible
C. probable?D. sure
【答案】 A
【拓展】
類似于possible不可以用人做主語的形容詞還有:easy, difficult, impossible, convenient 等。
7. Canada is one of the largest countries in the world, second only to
Russia...(L1, P2) 加拿大是世界上最大的國家之一,僅次于俄國……。
【點撥】 second only to 僅次于……;
second to none 最好的;首屈一指的
In terms of scoring goals, he was second only
to Liu Xiang during the match. 這場比賽中,他的得分僅次于劉翔。
We will provide a
service second to none. 我們將提供最為優(yōu)質的服務。
【拓展】 短語中介詞to有“比較”的意思。類似的短語有:be junior to比……年輕,比……資格淺;be senior to 比……年長,比……資格老;be superior to比……優(yōu)越, 勝過……;be
inferior to比……差,不如……
【高考真題回放】 Im so ??? to all those volunteers because
they helped my terrible day end happily.(2015安徽卷26)
A. special?B.
superior
C. grateful?D. attractive
【解析】
C。句意:我非常感激所有的志愿者,因為他們幫我把糟糕的一天變成了愉快的一天。A特殊的;B優(yōu)秀的,比……好的;C感激的;D有吸引力的。根據(jù)句意可知,這里是在向志愿者表達感激之情,故選C。
8. In the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower, which is often called
the CN Tower for short. (L22, P2) 加拿大國家電視塔坐落于多倫多市中心,通常簡稱CN塔。
Adding to the extraordinary beauty of Changling is the Lingen Palace, ... (L18,
P30)陵恩殿以其簡單設計和彩繪內(nèi)頂而聞名,為長陵增添了宏偉與壯麗。
On the east and west are the shores of two great oceans—the Atlantic and the Pacific.(L6,
P2)在東部和西部邊界,加拿大瀕臨兩大洋,即大西洋和太平洋。
Buried there are the remains of five emperors, their wives and other royal family members.(L34,
P31)葬在那里的是五位皇帝、他們的嬪妃及其他皇室成員的遺體。
【點撥】 這四句為倒裝句。句首狀語是表示地點的介詞短語或某些表示方向的副詞(here, there, up, down, now, then, in, out, away,
off)時,完全倒裝。但主語如為人稱代詞時,則不能倒裝。為了保持句子平衡,我們經(jīng)常把ed形式、ing形式、形容詞等放置在句首,并且將謂語動詞提到主語前面。
(1) On the hill in front of them stood a great castle.在他們面前的山上有一座大的城堡。
(2) Present at the meeting are teachers teaching 30
years.出席會議的是任教30年的教師。
【拓展】 部分倒裝是指(1)so, nor, neither; (2)虛擬語氣中if省略; (3)否定詞作狀語位于句首;(4)only+狀語位于句首;(5)在so…that, such…that等結構中, so, such位于句首;(6)在there
be結構中。
【高考真題回放】 The professor warned the students that on no account
use mobile phones in his class. (2019天津卷12)
A. should they?B. they
should
C. dare they?D. they dare
【解析】 A。在that引導的賓語從句中,on no
account“絕不”表否定意思,采用部分倒裝。在A和C之間選擇。根據(jù)句意“教授警告學生們千萬不要在課堂上使用手機”。故選A。
9. Montreal, a port in the province of Quebec, ..., Paris being the largest.(L24,
P2)魁北克省內(nèi)的港口城市蒙特利爾是加拿大第二大城市,也是世界上僅次于巴黎的第二大法語城市。
With most of its population living near the coast, swimming and surfing are popular activities….
(L21, P14) 由于大部分人口都住在沿海地區(qū),游泳和沖浪是最喜歡的運動。
【點撥】 Paris being the largest是一個獨立主格結構,在句中做狀語,補充說明。相當于:and Paris is the largest。With most of its population living near the coast 是一個獨立主格結構在句中做原因狀語。相當于Because most of its population live near the coast,... 獨立主格結構的構成:(with) +
名詞/代詞+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/分詞或不定式。
Weather permitting, we shall play the match
tomorrow. 明天如果天氣好,我們就進行比賽。
With so much homework to do, he hurried home.
有那么多作業(yè)要做,他很快回去了。
【高考真題回放】 Chinas image is improving steadily, with more
countries ??? its role in international affairs.(2019江蘇卷32)
A.
recognizing?B. being recognized
C. to be recognized?D.
recognized
【解析】 A。with more countries recognizing its role in international affairs為獨立主格結構,在句中作狀語,可改寫成:and more countries recognize its role
in international affairs.
10. For fans of this sport, though, it is an
art form. (L38, P15) 但對于熱愛這項運動的人而言,它是一種藝術。
【點撥】
though此處用作副詞,前后都用逗號與主句隔開,意為“然而、但是”。
He said he would come to the party,
he didnt, though. 他說他會來參加晚會的,然而沒來。
【拓展】
though還可以用作連詞引導讓步狀語從句,表示“盡管”。
Although / Though he is young, (yet) he
knows a lot. 盡管他年輕,然而他懂得很多東西。
【高考真題回放】 (1)??? scientists have learned a
lot about the universe, there is much we still dont know. (2015安徽卷23)
A. Once?B. Since
C. Though?D. Unless
【答案】 C。
11. So, while a high percentage of Australians may be people who watch sports rather than do them, Australia is indeed a great sporting nation. (L51, P15)
因此,雖然相當比例的澳大利亞人只觀看體育比賽,而不參與運動,但澳大利亞仍不愧是體育大國。(L51, P15)
【點撥】 在這個句子當中,while引導讓步狀語從句,表示“盡管,雖然”,相當于though。如:While I understand your viewpoint, I
dont agree with you. 雖然我了解你的觀點,我還是不能同意你的。
【拓展】 除此之外,while還有名詞、并列連詞和從屬連詞的用法。引導時間狀語從句,表示“當……的時候”,“在……期間”。如:He was taking a bath
while I was preparing dinner. 我準備晚餐的時候他在洗澡。
【高考真題回放】 (1) ??? the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer
camp. (2015福建卷31)
A. While?B. Unless
C. Since?D. Until
【答案】 A。
Module 9?Unit 2
一、詞匯
1. decoration n. (L19, P30)
裝飾,裝修,裝潢
The house is wonderful. But I dont like the
decorations.房子不錯,不過我不喜歡里面的裝潢。
【拓展】 decorate vt. 裝飾,裝潢;decorative adj.
裝飾的,裝潢的;decorator n.裝飾家
【高考真題回放】 —The town is so beautiful! I just love
it.(2013江蘇卷23)
—Me too. The character of the town is well ???.
A. qualified?B. preserved
C. decorated?D. simplified
【解析】 B。動詞的過去分詞已具備形容詞的性質。be qualified合格的;有資格的;be well preserved保存完好的;be well decorated裝飾得很漂亮的;be
simplified被簡化的。根據(jù)句意,選B。句意:——這座小鎮(zhèn)是如此美麗!我真是喜歡它?!乙彩?。小鎮(zhèn)的特色保存得很完好。
2. (1)
associate vt.(L16, P18)使……發(fā)生聯(lián)系,使聯(lián)合;association n.
We associate China
with the Great Wall.我們說起中國,就會想到長城。
(2) register vt. 登記,注冊;n. 花名冊,登記簿
(L47, P31)
He registered the birth of his child.他登記了孩子的出生日期。
The
teacher kept a register of the names of her students.這老師保留了一份學生名冊。
【拓展】
register for為……而報名登記;register with到某人處登記;be registered as登記注冊為……。
【高考真題回放】 According to the law, all foreigners have to ??? with the local police
within two weeks of arrival.(2013湖北卷24)
A. associate?B. dispute
C. negotiate?D. register
【解析】
D。register登記,注冊;associate(使)發(fā)生聯(lián)系;(使)聯(lián)合;結交;聯(lián)想;dispute辯論,爭論;negotiate談判,協(xié)商;此處是指所有的外國人都必須在抵達兩周內(nèi)到當?shù)鼐炀值怯洝?/p>
3. appoint vt.(L89, P19)任命,委任;指定(時間、地點)
Who shall we appoint as
chairperson? 我們委派誰擔任主席呢?
【拓展】 appointment n.委任,約會;make an appointment
with sb.和某人約會;at the appointed time在約定的時間
【真題回放】 ??? to work in an international company, he felt it both stressful and challenging.
(2014南通一模)
A. Being appointed?B. To be appointed
C. Having
appointed?D. Appointed
【解析】 D。本題考查非謂語動詞。句意:被任命到一家跨國公司工作,他感到既有壓力又有挑戰(zhàn)。He和appoint之間是被動關系(be appointed to do
sth.),被任命,而且既然感到有壓力和挑戰(zhàn),當然是已被任命。
4. inspiration n.(L9,
P25)靈感,啟發(fā)靈感的人(或事物)。
Many poets have drawn their inspiration from
nature.許多詩人從大自然中獲得靈感。
【真題回放】 The Chinese womens volleyball team won the
World Cup victory, which was beyond our wildest ???. (2015鎮(zhèn)江期中)
son.湯姆很聰明,他兒子也是的。
【拓展】
除此之外,as還可以用作連詞引導定語從句,狀語從句(比較、時間、原因、讓步),表示“盡管、正如、隨著、原因”。
【高考真題回放】 The number of smokers, ??? is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one
year.(2015江蘇卷21)
A. it?B. which
C. what?D. as
【解析】 D。本題考查定語從句。句意:據(jù)報道,這一年抽煙的人數(shù)就下降了17%。as is reported正如所報道的,as is wellknown眾所周知,as
is shown正如所表明的,as is pointed out正如所指出的,as is often the case正如通常的情況。
8. Later, they used the Parthenon as a warehouse and packed it with gunpowder.
后來,他們將帕臺農(nóng)神廟作為儲存軍火的倉庫。(L47, P18)
【點撥】 短語use...as...
把……用作……。as在這里表示“作為”的意思。
He has worked as a pilot of the
president.他曾任總統(tǒng)的飛行員。
【拓展】 常見含as(意為“作為”)的短語有:work as以……身份工作;serve as用作……;act as作為……用;look up to...as把……尊為……;regard...as / consider...as / think
of...as認為……是……;treat sb. as把某人當成……
【高考真題回放】 Lets learn to use the
problem we are facing ??? a steppingstone to future success. (2008全國卷I)
A. to?B. for
C. as?D. by
【答案】 C。
9. In 1816, these sculptures were turned over to the British Museum. (L60, P18)
1816年,這些雕塑被移交給大英博物館。
【點撥】 turn sth. over to sb. 把……移交給(他人管理)
【拓展】 turn to somebody for help向某人求助;turn up 出現(xiàn),到來;調(diào)高(音量等);turn away打發(fā)走; turn
down調(diào)低;拒絕; turn in上交;turn into變成;turn off關掉;turn on打開;turn out生產(chǎn);結果是
【高考真題回放】 Tom had to ??? the invitation to the party last weekend because he was
too busy. (2015天津卷10)
A. turn in?B. turn down
C. turn over?D.
turn to
【解析】 B。本題考查動詞詞組辨析。句意:因為太忙,湯姆不得不拒絕上周末的晚會的邀請。turn in 上交;turn
down拒絕;turn over翻過去;turn to向某人求助。根據(jù)句意選B。
10. ... in 1801, when an Englishman, Lord Elgin, cut them off the face of the Parthenon, and took them to
London.(L5459, P18)當時英國人埃爾金勛爵把這些雕塑從帕臺農(nóng)神廟的建筑表層切割下來,運往倫敦。
【點撥】
非限制性定語從句起補充作用,如果省略,不影響主句意義的完整;一般要用逗號與主句隔開;修飾先行詞,也可以修飾部分或整個主句;不用that以及why引導。關系詞不能省略。
【高考真題回放】 Opposite is St. Pauls Church, ??? you can hear some lovely
music.(2015北京卷24)
A. which?B. that
C. when?D. where
【答案】
D。
11. In 1616, he was given permission to make a trip to South America
to look for gold on behalf of King James. (P27) 他被允許代表詹姆斯國王去南美洲尋找黃金。
【點撥】 on behalf of “代表某人”,如:Dont trouble to do it on my
behalf.不要為了我去麻煩了。