PWP景觀設(shè)計事務(wù)所

舊金山跨海灣交通樞紐是舊金山市中心最先進的多式聯(lián)運站，它連接了11個運輸系統(tǒng)，將城市與區(qū)域、州和國家連接起來。它于2018年8月11日開始投入運營。這個創(chuàng)新的、高度可持續(xù)的設(shè)計包括一個2.2hm2（5.4英畝）的屋頂公園，它將為新的綜合功能社區(qū)的發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)。與紐約中央車站和倫敦維多利亞車站的設(shè)計意圖類似，跨海灣交通樞紐高聳而明亮的空間將為舊金山提供一個宏偉的入口，與其作為世界大都市之一的地位相得益彰。

塞爾福斯屋頂公園坐落于舊金山市中心的一處發(fā)展迅猛卻幾乎沒有公共開放空間的區(qū)域，其設(shè)計定位既是一個交通目的地，同時也是社區(qū)公園。作為一個多功能公園，它能夠提供休息、活動和教育等空間，同時它與建筑實行一體化設(shè)計，從而可以擁有大面積的土壤區(qū)域來支撐種植大型的健康喬木和灌木。

1 總平面圖和剖面圖Illustrative plan and section

由于公園長近400m（0.25英里），約一個街區(qū)寬，它的特色在于情境體驗式的景觀。該設(shè)計由穿越不同設(shè)施的彎曲小路組成，既有氛圍靜謐、可供人沉思的，也有氛圍開放、便于人們社交的。游客可以從下方的街道或是上方連接建筑的天橋等很多地方進入，隨著人們繼續(xù)前行，他們會來到各種各樣的活動區(qū)域，包括一個中心廣場和咖啡屋、兒童游樂區(qū)、觀景瞭望臺，以及西端的一個圓形露天劇場和餐廳。為了創(chuàng)造一個可以模糊屋頂和地面之間差異的地形，設(shè)計將植物叢生的山丘與圓頂?shù)慕ㄖ齑跋嘤骋r，將日光引入下面的客運站。PWP與環(huán)境藝術(shù)家內(nèi)德 卡恩密切合作，設(shè)計了一個特色景觀——長約366m（1 200英尺）的巴士噴泉；當巴士穿過位于4樓的客運站時，就會觸發(fā)屋頂公園的水流。

2 夜景鳥瞰Aerial photo of the park at night

公園將通過吸收汽車尾氣中的二氧化碳、處理水和循環(huán)水來積極改善環(huán)境，并在舊金山市中心為鳥類、蝴蝶、蜜蜂和人類創(chuàng)造棲息的場所。公園中溢流的雨水、客運站建筑集水池里的中水將被收集到公園東端的地下人工濕地花園進行凈化處理?；厥赵偕畬糜谡麄€客運站的洗手間。

公園內(nèi)一系列生動而富有生態(tài)意識的特色花園，為游客（人和動物）提供了豐富的游覽、生態(tài)和園藝體驗，并讓游客觀賞到了市中心附近看不到的自然景觀。公園的邊界被一系列特色花園包圍，這些花園的植被以適應(yīng)舊金山灣區(qū)特定氣候的物種為主，更具體地說，是這個城市屋頂上的小氣候。整個公園的北部邊緣是一個大型舊金山灣區(qū)和加利福尼亞州混合鄉(xiāng)土物種的花園。其他中等規(guī)模的特色花園也集中展現(xiàn)了世界上其他地中海氣候國家的植物，如澳大利亞花園、智利花園和地中海盆地花園。另外一些花園突出了適于舊金山市生長的沙漠植物、史前植物和棕櫚植物，以及一個種植了依賴舊金山霧氣生長的植物的霧花園。

在地面層，PWP與多家機構(gòu)合作，為跨海灣區(qū)長達4個街區(qū)的核心區(qū)域進行街道景觀和城市設(shè)計，其中包括舊金山的新市民廣場——米懸廣場。動力纜車可以將人們從廣場上運送到屋頂公園的紅杉林中。

（編輯/王一蘭）

業(yè)主：跨海灣區(qū)聯(lián)合權(quán)力機構(gòu)

設(shè)計建筑師：佩里 克拉克，佩里建筑

執(zhí)行建筑師：亞當森聯(lián)合建筑事務(wù)所

承包商：威伯科/大林合資企業(yè)

景觀承包商：麥奎爾+海斯特

地點：舊金山，加利福尼亞州

項目面積：約2.2hm2（5.4英畝）

竣工日期：2018年8月11日

照片版權(quán)：圖1、2、6、10～12?PWP景觀設(shè)計事務(wù)所；圖3?恩格爾 琴；圖4、5? 蒂姆 格里菲思；圖7?奈德 卡恩；圖8～9、13? 馬里恩 布倫納

翻譯：孫雪榕

校對：孫越

3 概念剖面圖Cross section concept drawing

4 從塞爾福斯塔上俯瞰公園Aerial photo from Salesforce Tower

5 從第一大街北望的街景Street view from 1st Street looking north

6 公園環(huán)路和巴士噴泉Park Loop Path and Bus Fountain

7 巴士噴泉細節(jié)。與環(huán)境藝術(shù)家內(nèi)德 卡恩合作。在公園下一層的巴士平臺上移動的巴士會觸發(fā)水流噴射裝置，這些裝置以與下方巴士相同的速度沿公園依次移動Bus Fountain detail.A collaboration with environmental artist Ned Kahn.Buses that move through the bus deck,one level below the park,trigger jets that move sequentially down the park at the same speed as the buses below

8 沙漠花園的特色景觀是適合干旱少雨氣候的植物種植。這些特色植物來自加利福尼亞和其他北美、南美以及非洲的地區(qū)。所有植物都可以在沒有人工灌溉或少灌溉的條件下在舊金山生長The Desert Garden features plants that are suited to dry climates with little rainfall.This garden features plants from California and other locales in North and South America as well as Africa.All can live in San Francisco with little to no irrigation

Transbay Transit Center is a state-of-theart multimodal transit station in downtown San Francisco,linking 11 transit systems and connecting the city to the region,the state,and the nation.It opened on August 11,2018.The innovative,highly sustainable design includes a 2.2-hectare (5.4-acre) rooftop park that will anchor the growth of a new mixed-use neighborhood.In the spirit of New York’s Grand Central Terminal and London’s Victoria Station,Transbay’s soaring light-filled spaces will give San Francisco a grand entrance that be fits its status as one of the world’s great cities.

It has been designed as both a destination and community park within an area of downtown San Francisco undergoing tremendous growth but with little public open space.Conceived of as a multifunctional park providing respite,activity,and education,Salesforce park is integrally designed with the building in order to achieve expansive areas of soil to support large,healthy trees and shrubs.

Since the park is one-block wide and nearly a quarter of a mile long,its features are experienced episodically.The design is composed of curving paths through different settings,both contemplative and social.Visitors can enter at many locations from the street level below and on bridges from buildings above,and as they move along,they come to a variety of activity areas that include a central plaza and café,a children’s play area,lookout belvederes,and—at the western end—an amphitheater and restaurant.In order to create a topography that blurs the distinction between roof and ground,the design plays mounded vegetated hills against the domed architectural skylights that allow daylight into the terminal below.PWP worked closely with environmental artist Ned Kahn on the 1,200-foot-long Bus Fountain—a feature in which buses moving through the terminal on the fourthfloor trigger jets of water in the roof park above.

9 濕地花園的特色景觀是生長在潮濕的土壤中或根部浸在水中的植物。在塞爾福斯公園中，濕地花園與建筑的污水系統(tǒng)相連。從建筑污水池中收集的中水在流經(jīng)濕地花園得到凈化，并被再利用于建筑的廁所中The Wetland Garden features plants that grow in moist soils or with their roots submerged in water.Here at Salesforce Park,the wetland garden is connected to the wastewater system of the building.Graywater that is collected from the sinks in the building is polished below the soil surface in the wetland garden and the clean water is re-used in the toilets in the building

10 野餐草地的特點是與圓頂?shù)牟ＡЫㄖ齑跋嘤骋r的起伏地形，光線透過天窗照進下方的巴士平臺層The Picnic Meadow features rolling topography that relates to the domed glass skylights that allow light into the Bus Deck Level below

11 為公園游客提供的免費表演和活動是公園豐富的節(jié)事日程安排的一部分Performances and activities are part of a rich schedule of programmed events that are available and free for park visitors

The park will actively improve the environment by absorbing carbon dioxide from bus exhaust,treating and recycling water,and creating a locus in downtown San Francisco for birds,butter flies,and bees as well as people.Stormwater run-off from the park,as well as gray water from the sinks in the terminal building,will be collected and polished in a subsurface constructed wetland garden at the east end of the park.The reclaimed water will then be used in restrooms throughout the terminal.

A series of dramatic and ecologically conscious feature gardens within the park provide rich experiential,ecological and horticultural engagement with park visitors—both human and animal—and offer glimpses into the array of nature’s wonder that are not available nearby.The border of the park is enclosed by a series of feature gardens that focus on species that are specifically adapted to the particular climate of the San Francisco Bay Area,and even more specifically,the microclimates found on this urban rooftop.The entire northern edge of the park presents an extensive garden of mixed species native to the Bay Area and to California.Moderately sized feature gardens focus on plant associations from other Mediterranean climates around the world such as the Australian Garden,the Chilean Garden,and the Mediterranean Basin Garden.There are still other gardens that highlight desert plants,prehistoric plants and palms that are suited to San Francisco,as well as a Fog Garden with plants that benefit from San Francisco’s fog.

At the ground level,PWP worked with multiple agencies to develop a streetscape and urban design for the four-block-long core of the Transbay District,including Mission Square,a new civic plaza for San Francisco.A kinetic gondola transports people from the plaza up into the redwood forest on the Rooftop Park.