科可里咨詢私人有限公司

海澤布魯克是地處大西部高速公路沿線上的村莊之一，它橫跨藍(lán)山，連接了悉尼與新南威爾士州西部廣闊的農(nóng)業(yè)景觀。位于海澤布魯克北部的大藍(lán)山世界遺址壯觀而粗獷，具有重要的國(guó)際意義。但由于高速公路廊道的物理限制與其所包含的豐富歷史遺產(chǎn)和風(fēng)景價(jià)值，這成為新南威爾士州道路和海事服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)（RMS）對(duì)大西部公路升級(jí)改造過(guò)程中最大的挑戰(zhàn)。

紀(jì)念公園位于海澤布魯克村，是一個(gè)地方公園，由于它在高速公路升級(jí)工程期間被用作工廠倉(cāng)庫(kù)和儲(chǔ)存區(qū)，而受到嚴(yán)重的影響。因此，在伍德福德村和海澤布魯克村之間進(jìn)行“紀(jì)念公園”的恢復(fù)成為升級(jí)大西部高速公路的重要任務(wù)。公園的恢復(fù)工程于2014年成功完成，并為道路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目如何通過(guò)創(chuàng)建高質(zhì)量的公共開(kāi)放空間而使當(dāng)?shù)鼐用袷芤嫣峁┝艘粋€(gè)很好的范例。

1 紀(jì)念公園概念規(guī)劃圖Memory park concept plan

2 項(xiàng)目區(qū)位圖，顯示其地處藍(lán)山，在悉尼的西邊Location plan showing Memory Park in Blue Mountains west of Sydney

紀(jì)念公園占地約3 300m2，是當(dāng)?shù)匾粋€(gè)富有吸引力且令人放松的公園，擁有重要的文化遺產(chǎn)和景觀價(jià)值。它實(shí)現(xiàn)了海澤布魯克村中心與相鄰的住宅區(qū)及學(xué)校間安全便捷的連接。公園外沿的自行車道與人行道連接到高速公路上一座新建的橋，為村中心和火車站、商店與鐵道南部的居住區(qū)間構(gòu)建了一條安全的通路。

3 紀(jì)念公園內(nèi)部的臺(tái)地高程變化Terraces address level changes within Memory Park

美國(guó)優(yōu)斯集團(tuán)（URS）代表新南威爾士洲道路和海事服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)（RMS）聘請(qǐng)了科可里咨詢公司為公園修復(fù)工作準(zhǔn)備詳細(xì)的城市和景觀設(shè)計(jì)資料，以及伍德福德村和海澤布魯克村之間大西部公路升級(jí)所需的景觀設(shè)計(jì)資料。

紀(jì)念公園曾承辦每年的澳新軍團(tuán)紀(jì)念日典禮，這是它所擁有的文化遺產(chǎn)價(jià)值之一。雖然原來(lái)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)紀(jì)念館已經(jīng)搬遷到附近的另一個(gè)公園里，但紀(jì)念公園的文化價(jià)值已通過(guò)公園恢復(fù)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)所包含的講解圖而獲得了公眾的認(rèn)同。

科可里咨詢公司與URS的工程師合作，通過(guò)精心的城市設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)對(duì)陡峭地形帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)。為了處理陡峭的斜坡并開(kāi)拓道路，設(shè)計(jì)采用了一套包括坡道、樓梯、擋土墻和露臺(tái)的綜合體系，將公園的道路和坡道設(shè)計(jì)成一條居民和學(xué)生進(jìn)入海澤布魯克村的重要路線，同時(shí)也是穿過(guò)高速公路到海澤布魯克火車站的人行道。園路與坡道下方大量貫穿公園的地下設(shè)施使得場(chǎng)地規(guī)劃變得更加復(fù)雜，因此擋土墻基礎(chǔ)和雨水排放系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)避免了與它們發(fā)生沖突。

設(shè)計(jì)保留了場(chǎng)地現(xiàn)有的成熟樹(shù)木，并種植了新的喬木、灌木和地被植物，以著重突出藍(lán)山典型的文化景觀特征。公園種植的新樹(shù)種選擇是在與藍(lán)山委員會(huì)和當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)進(jìn)行協(xié)商后決定的。帚狀北美鵝掌楸（Liriodendron tulipifera ‘Fastigiatum’）被選為行道樹(shù)，沿人行斜坡的基礎(chǔ)成行種植，連接至人行天橋。它柱狀的樹(shù)形非常適合種植在橋面一側(cè)狹窄的空間中，同時(shí)還可以保留從紀(jì)念公園望向藍(lán)山國(guó)家公園的視野，在秋天時(shí)濃郁的金黃色樹(shù)葉能營(yíng)造出令人難忘的公園特色。其他的樹(shù)種還包括觀賞梨樹(shù)和紫薇，它們會(huì)在春季、夏季開(kāi)花，營(yíng)造出季節(jié)性景觀。

對(duì)公園遺產(chǎn)價(jià)值的研究還包括從州立圖書(shū)館獲取的圖像，和當(dāng)?shù)貙＜覍?duì)遺址解釋性標(biāo)識(shí)提供的建議。同時(shí)，通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)砂巖墻紀(jì)念弧并沿墻列植18棵柏樹(shù)，來(lái)紀(jì)念在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中犧牲的當(dāng)?shù)厥勘?/p>

隨著景觀的日益成熟，新種植的樹(shù)木開(kāi)始在整個(gè)公園內(nèi)圍合并定義空間，加強(qiáng)了穿行公園時(shí)或坐下來(lái)感受全新景觀環(huán)境時(shí)的體驗(yàn)感。 同時(shí)，露臺(tái)、坡道和樓梯的連接系統(tǒng)提供了豐富多樣的觀景體驗(yàn)。此外，連接高速公路的人行天橋坡道為公園提供了有趣的鳥(niǎo)瞰視角。游客可以在穿越公園時(shí)體驗(yàn)各種不斷變化的景觀，還可以從坡道和橋上的瞭望臺(tái)中觀賞全景。

當(dāng)負(fù)責(zé)高速公路升級(jí)工程的承包商進(jìn)行清算時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)紀(jì)念公園恢復(fù)工程完成的時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)了。 當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窨释_保紀(jì)念公園能盡快完工。公園的設(shè)計(jì)圓滿地回應(yīng)了與當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)和藍(lán)山市議會(huì)協(xié)商的結(jié)果。議會(huì)的支持信證實(shí)了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駥?duì)公園升級(jí)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)所抱期望已成功實(shí)現(xiàn)，如信中提到的 “它巧妙地解決了連接性、便利性、實(shí)質(zhì)性和地方特性等會(huì)相互影響的問(wèn)題，為資產(chǎn)所有者——理事會(huì)提供了強(qiáng)有力的財(cái)富”。

高速公路上方新建的人行天橋替代了原來(lái)的平交路口，通過(guò)一個(gè)入口坡道連通了海澤布魯克村和火車站，避免了機(jī)動(dòng)車與騎行者、行人在此發(fā)生交通事故的可能。

在進(jìn)行場(chǎng)地的綜合分析時(shí)，我們特別創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)三維計(jì)算機(jī)模型，在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中用它來(lái)協(xié)助處理具有挑戰(zhàn)性的地形，以及在社區(qū)咨詢期間向人們講解公園設(shè)計(jì)。作為主要道路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目的一部分，這個(gè)公共開(kāi)放空間的可視化和設(shè)計(jì)，成為風(fēng)景園林設(shè)計(jì)師日常工作領(lǐng)域中一個(gè)日益重要方向的案例。

4 從人行橋上沿大西部高速公路眺望的景觀（紀(jì)念公園位于圖片左側(cè)）View from pedestrian bridge along Great Western Highway with Memory Park on left

5 從人行橋的觀景臺(tái)上看到的公園景色View of Memory Park from pedestrian bridge lookout

6 在中央園路上可以看見(jiàn)人行橋的瞭望臺(tái)Central path with pedestrian bridge lookout visible above

紀(jì)念公園的恢復(fù)正在為建設(shè)一個(gè)健康、包容和強(qiáng)大的海澤布魯克社區(qū)而做出重大貢獻(xiàn)，它連接了海澤布魯克村中心與火車站，通過(guò)新的人行天橋?yàn)楫?dāng)?shù)鼐用窈蛯W(xué)生提供安全便捷的步道和自行車道。同時(shí)，公園還為使用者提供了親近自然、沉思及與人社交等調(diào)節(jié)情緒的機(jī)會(huì)。

如今，紀(jì)念公園通過(guò)在海澤布魯克商業(yè)中心、火車站和相鄰住宅區(qū)之間提供安全便捷的連接，為當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。

7 紀(jì)念當(dāng)?shù)厥勘陌貥?shù)和砂巖墻Cypress pines & sandstone wall form memorial to local soldiers

8 從海澤布魯克村中心進(jìn)入紀(jì)念公園的道路Entry path in to Memory Park from Hazelbrook village centre

（編輯/王一蘭）

項(xiàng)目區(qū)位：海澤布魯克村，藍(lán)山，新南威爾士州，澳大利亞

項(xiàng)目面積：3 300m2

業(yè)主單位：美國(guó)優(yōu)斯集團(tuán)（URS）& 新南威爾士州道路和海事服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)（RMS）

合作公司：美國(guó)優(yōu)斯集團(tuán)（URS）& 藍(lán)山市議會(huì)

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：科可里咨詢私人有限公司

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間：2013年

竣工時(shí)間：2014年

圖片來(lái)源：諾埃爾 科可里

翻譯：錢蕾西

校對(duì)：孫越

Hazelbrook is one of a series of villages located along the Great Western Highway that runs across the Blue Mountains and connects Sydney with the broad agricultural landscapes of western NSW.The Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area located to the north of Hazelbrook is a spectacular and rugged landscape of international significance.

Upgrading of the Great Western Highway presented NSW Roads and Maritime Services(RMS) with one of its greatest challenges due to the physical limitations of the highway corridor and the rich heritage and scenic values it contains.

Memory Park at Hazelbrook village is a local park that was severely impacted by the highway upgrade works during which the park was used as a works depot and storage area.Restoration of Memory Park therefore formed a significant part of the Great Western Highway upgrade between the villages of Woodford and Hazelbrook.The very successful outcome of the park restoration completed in 2014 provides an excellent example of how road infrastructure projects can benefit local communities through the creation of high quality public open space.

Memory Park provides an attractive and relaxing local park covering some 3,300m2with significant cultural heritage and landscape values.The park allows safe and convenient connectivity between Hazelbrook village centre and adjoining residential areas and schools.A pedestrian and cycle ramp along the edge of Memory Park connects to a new pedestrian bridge over the Highway that provides safe access between Hazelbrook village centre and railway station as well as shops and residences located south of the railway.

Corkery Consulting was engaged by URS on behalf of RMS to prepare detailed urban and landscape design documentation for the Park restoration in addition to landscape design documentation of the Great Western Highway upgrade between Woodford and Hazelbrook.

The cultural heritage values associated with Memory Park include its historic role as the site for annual Anzac Day ceremonies.Although the original war memorial has been relocated to another nearby park the cultural values are acknowledged by interpretive graphics that were included in the park upgrade design.

Challenges created by steep topography were addressed through careful urban design by Corkery Consulting working in collaboration with URS engineers.To deal with the steeply sloping site and provide for universal access the design incorporates an integrated system of ramps,stairs,retaining walls and terraces.Paths and ramps through the park form essential routes for residents and school students accessing Hazelbrook village and the pedestrian cycle ramp across the highway to Hazelbrook railway station.Site planning was further complicated by extensive underground services that were accommodated below the paths and ramps running through the park.Retaining wall footings and stormwater drainage systems were designed to avoid conflicts with the underground services.

Existing mature trees were retained and new plantings of trees,shrubs and groundcover carried out which is focused on the cultural landscapes character typical of the Blue Mountains.The species of new trees planted in the park were selected in consultation with Blue Mountains Council and the local community.Tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera ‘Fastigiatum’ was selected as a feature tree planted as a row along the base of the pedestrian ramp connected to the pedestrian bridge.The columnar form fits the narrow space adjoining the bridge ramp while maintaining views over the park to the Blue Mountains National Park.The rich golden yellow foliage in autumn creates a memorable feature of the park.Other species include Ornamental Pear and Crepe Myrtle,which provide seasonal blossom flowers in spring and summer.

Research on the heritage values of the park included the acquisition of images from the State Library and heritage advice from a local expert to provide content for interpretive signage.A curving sandstone wall was constructed to form a memorial arc and a row of 18 Cypress Pines were planted alongside the wall to commemorate local soldiers who died in war.

As the landscape matures the newly planted trees are beginning to define spaces throughout the park and reinforce the experience of moving through the park or sitting to enjoy the new landscape setting.The connected system of terraces,ramps and stairs provide a diverse range of view opportunities.In addition the pedestrian ramp connected to a new pedestrian bridge over the highway provides an interesting aerial perspective of the park.Visitors can experience diverse and constantly changing views as they move through the park and enjoy panoramic views from the ramp and bridge lookout.

The time taken to complete the restoration of Memory Park was extended when the contractor responsible for the highway upgrade went in to liquidation.Local residents were understandably anxious to ensure that Memory Park was completed as soon as possible.The park design successfully responded to the outcome of consultation with the local community and Blue Mountains City Council.The letter of support from Council confirmed that the expectations of the local community have been successfully met as indicated by the following quote from the letter,“its clever resolution of the competing issues of access,amenity,materiality and local identity provides Council—the asset owner—with a robust legacy.”

Replacement of pedestrian level crossing with new pedestrian bridge over the Great Western Highway connects Hazelbrook village to the railway station by a universal access ramp that has eliminated traffic accidents involving pedestrians and cyclists with highway traffic.

A feature of the comprehensive site analysis was the creation of a 3-D computer model that was used to assist the design process to deal with the challenging topography and assist in explaining the park design during community consultation.Visualisation and design of this public open space as part of a major road infrastructure project is an example of the increasingly important area of work for landscape architects.

9 樓梯連接了公園內(nèi)的臺(tái)地與道路Stairs provide access between terraces & paths within Memory Park

10 紀(jì)念公園內(nèi)部的歷史文化遺址解說(shuō)牌Heritage interpretation panel in Memory Park

11 紀(jì)念公園的入口標(biāo)識(shí)Entry sign to Memory Park

Restoration of Memory Park is making a significant contribution to a healthy,inclusive and robust Hazelbrook community by providing safe and convenient pedestrian and cycle connectivity through the park for residents and local school students linking to Hazelbrook village centre and railway station via the new pedestrian bridge over the highway.The park also provides emotional benefits for users though connection to nature and the opportunity to site and contemplate or socialise.

Memory Park now benefits the local economy by providing safe and convenient connectivity between Hazelbrook commercial centre,the railway station and adjoining residential areas.