Miaomiao LU, Xiao TANG, Zifa WANG,, Lin WU, Xueshun CHEN, Shengwen LIANG,Hui ZHOU, Huangjian WU,, Ke HU, Longjiao SHEN, Jia YU, and Jiang ZHU,State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 0009, China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 000, China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 0, China Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center, Wuhan 00, China Hunan Meteorological Observatory, Changsha 08, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 0009, China

Text S1.Statistical parameters for model validation (“sim” and “obs” represent the simulated and the corresponding observed variables, respectively).

MO(mean observation)

MM(mean simulation)

MB (mean bias)

r (correlation coefficient)

MFB (mean fraction bias)

MFE (mean fraction error)

Table S1. Statistical parameters of the simulated and observed PM2.5 concentrations in Wuhan and its surrounding 15 capital cities over Central and East China in January 2014. The definitions of the abbreviations MO, MM, MB, r, MFB and MFE are provided below (Text S1).

Fig. S1. The distribution of simulated and observed average CO concentrations during haze pollution in January 2014 over Central and East China using (a) original and (b) inversed emissions.