蔡榮 楊綠峰 余波2
摘 要:收集了世界不同地區(qū)304組海洋潮汐浪濺區(qū)混凝土的自然暴露的試驗數(shù)據(jù),據(jù)此分析了水膠比、膠凝材料種類和暴露時間對混凝土表面氯離子濃度Cs,ts的影響規(guī)律,進而結合二階段多元非線性回歸分析,分別確定了硅酸鹽水泥、粉煤灰、礦渣和硅灰等膠凝材料對Cs,ts的修正系數(shù),建立了海洋潮汐浪濺區(qū)Cs,ts的改進模型,并利用現(xiàn)有模型和試驗數(shù)據(jù)對比,驗證了該模型的適用性。分析表明:Cs,ts與水膠比之間近似呈線性關系,且膠凝材料種類對Cs,ts的影響顯著;Cs,ts在前5 a內(nèi)快速增長,隨后逐漸趨于穩(wěn)定,可以利用指數(shù)型函數(shù)來描述其時變規(guī)律。
關鍵詞:潮汐浪濺區(qū);混凝土;表面氯離子濃度;二階段回歸分析;膠凝材料種類
中圖分類號:TU311.3? 文獻標志碼:A? ? 文章編號:
Abstract:The influences of water-to-binder ratio, binder type and exposure time on the surface chloride concentration Cs,ts of concrete exposed to marine tidal and splash zones were investigated respectively based on 304 sets of field test data selected from different sites. Then an improved model for Cs,ts was developed based on the two-phase multiple nonlinear regression technique by determining the correction factors of binder type including the ordinary Portland cement, fly ash, slag and silica fume respectively. Finally, the applicability of the improved model for Cs,ts was validated in comparison with existing models and field test data. Analysis results show that the surface chloride concentration increases with water-binder-ratio linearly, while the influence of binder type on Cs,ts cannot be ignored. Moreover, Cs,ts increases over exposure time exponentially, which appears a fast increase in the first 5 years and then becomes stable.
Key words:Tidal and splash zones; Concrete; Surface chloride concentration; Two-phase regression technique; Binder type海洋潮汐浪濺區(qū)是海洋混凝土結構耐久性劣化最為突出的區(qū)域,所以,有必要建立該區(qū)域混凝土表面氯離子濃度Cs,ts的計算模型,為混凝土結構的耐久性分析和設計提供量化邊界條件。目前,學者們建立了多種表面氯離子濃度計算模型。其中,Marques等[1]建立了Cs,ts與水膠比之間的線性關系模型;DuraCrete[2]建立了考慮水膠比和膠凝材料種類影響的關系模型。上述模型只考慮了材料特性的影響,而忽略了暴露時間t的影響。由于水泥水化程度的發(fā)展,混凝土越來越密實,導致Cs,ts具有顯著的時變特性。對此,文獻[3-8]分別利用對數(shù)型、冪函數(shù)型、指數(shù)型等函數(shù)來描述了Cs,ts的時變規(guī)律,但無法合理描述初期增長較快、后期趨于穩(wěn)定的時變規(guī)律。文獻[9-11]建立了Cs,ts與水膠比和暴露時間之間的關系模型,但忽略了膠凝材料種類對表面氯離子濃度的影響。由此可見,Cs,ts不僅與水膠比和膠凝材料種類等材料參數(shù)密切相關,而且具有顯著的時變特性,因此,有必要綜合考慮水膠比、膠凝材料種類和暴露時間的影響,建立Cs,ts的多因素模型。蔡榮等[12]初步建立了Cs,ts與水膠比、膠凝材料種類和暴露時間之間的關系模型,但直接采用了DuraCrete模型[2]的膠凝材料種類修正系數(shù),無法合理描述不同膠凝材料對Cs,ts的影響規(guī)律。