莫小阡

5年“一帶一路"建設(shè)，機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)并存、成績與艱難共生，從起步到耕耘，從嘗試到融入，從愿景到現(xiàn)實(shí)，央企作為實(shí)踐者和先行者，在共建“一帶一路”的各項(xiàng)工作中都取得了顯著成效。

愿景變現(xiàn)實(shí)的實(shí)踐者

為推動(dòng)“一帶一路”沿線國家的互聯(lián)互通，央企在“出?！钡牟季种?，將焦點(diǎn)集中在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)和經(jīng)營上。國資委副主任翁杰明概括道，利用基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和優(yōu)勢(shì)，央企近年來主動(dòng)參與“一帶一路”沿線國家和地區(qū)在鐵路、港口、公路、通訊等方面的建設(shè)運(yùn)營。

鐵路方面，作為東非地區(qū)首條現(xiàn)代化電氣鐵路，已經(jīng)通車運(yùn)營的亞吉鐵路，將運(yùn)輸時(shí)間從曾經(jīng)的一周縮短到如今的一天;肯尼亞的蒙內(nèi)鐵路，通車一年多來，已經(jīng)累計(jì)發(fā)送旅客近200萬人。另外，中老鐵路、匈塞鐵路、雅萬高鐵等一批建設(shè)中的項(xiàng)目，正將鐵路打造成為“一帶一路”建設(shè)中的中國名片。

港口方面，希臘比雷埃夫斯港2018年集裝箱吞吐量達(dá)到720萬TEU，已逐步成為地中海地區(qū)重要的集裝箱中轉(zhuǎn)港、海陸聯(lián)運(yùn)、國際物流分撥中心。吉布提新港已成為東非規(guī)模最大、現(xiàn)代化程度最高的港口之一。

公路方面，中巴喀喇昆侖公路等項(xiàng)目給當(dāng)?shù)亟煌◣砻黠@改善，在盤活當(dāng)?shù)芈糜钨Y源的同時(shí)，培育了零售業(yè)、寶石開采等一批新產(chǎn)業(yè)。

通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)方面，央企在東北亞、中亞、南亞、東南亞等周邊區(qū)域建設(shè)跨境海底光纜、陸地光纜等大容量高速率通信設(shè)施，試圖打造全方位立體結(jié)合的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)通體系。

除了基建，在深化能源資源和國際產(chǎn)能合作方面，央企同樣在發(fā)力。截至2018年10月，央企已經(jīng)根據(jù)“一帶一路”沿線國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需要，先后在20多個(gè)國家開展了60多個(gè)油氣合作項(xiàng)目，在參與礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)中加強(qiáng)技術(shù)交流和共享，有效提升了沿線國家能源礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)的能力和水平。

民心相通的先行者

基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)是“一帶一路”建設(shè)中至關(guān)重要的基礎(chǔ)環(huán)節(jié)，而民心相通則是“一帶一路”倡議的根本之要。2018年10月30日，在國務(wù)院國資委舉辦的央企參與“一帶一路”建設(shè)媒體通氣會(huì)上，國資委高度贊揚(yáng)了央企在民心相通上發(fā)揮的表率作用：“央企在‘一帶一路’建設(shè)中積極履行社會(huì)責(zé)任，樹立負(fù)責(zé)任的良好形象，始終嚴(yán)格依法誠信經(jīng)營，堅(jiān)持本土化發(fā)展，注重生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)，積極投身公益事業(yè)，在改善當(dāng)?shù)孛裆?、推?dòng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展、促進(jìn)文化交流等方面發(fā)揮了積極作用?！?/p>

據(jù)悉，央企的海外分支機(jī)構(gòu)85%是本地員工，不少企業(yè)員工本地化率達(dá)到90%以上。中國石油印尼公司、中國移動(dòng)巴基斯坦公司員工本地化率高達(dá)99%。在直接提供就業(yè)崗位的同時(shí)，還間接帶動(dòng)了十幾倍甚至幾十倍的當(dāng)?shù)鼐蜆I(yè)。

謀求發(fā)展的同時(shí)，達(dá)成與生態(tài)的平衡，也是央企“出海”過程中的重要課題。一些企業(yè)在礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)中，致力于將綠色發(fā)展理念貫穿生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營全過程，通過提高環(huán)保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，采用先進(jìn)技術(shù)，最大限度降低礦產(chǎn)開采對(duì)環(huán)境造成的影響。幾年的發(fā)展建設(shè)中，央企始終嚴(yán)格遵守國際通行規(guī)則和當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)保法律法規(guī)，通過開展第三方環(huán)境評(píng)估、節(jié)能減排廢棄物管理等，加大對(duì)環(huán)境的保護(hù)力度。

另外，央企積極參與項(xiàng)目所在地的教育、文化、醫(yī)療等服務(wù)設(shè)施建設(shè)，造福當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣?，彰顯出央企擔(dān)當(dāng)。中國電建多次組織參與當(dāng)?shù)氐缆沸迯?fù)、沉船搜救、車禍處理等搶險(xiǎn)救災(zāi)行動(dòng);中冶集團(tuán)在項(xiàng)目所在地出資建設(shè)醫(yī)院、學(xué)校，贏得了當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì)和居民廣泛贊譽(yù)……

“一帶一路”的筑夢(mèng)者

回首這些年的歷程，“一帶一路”項(xiàng)目共建對(duì)象不斷擴(kuò)大，既有央企之間的合作，也有和民營企業(yè)之間的合作，還有和所在國企業(yè)以吸國際跨國公司之間的合作。建設(shè)領(lǐng)域也在合作的基礎(chǔ)上不斷拓展，既有基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)方面的共建，也有重大工程方面的共建;既有能源資源方面的合作開發(fā)，也有國際產(chǎn)能方面的協(xié)同合作;既有產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的合作，也有科研和技術(shù)的協(xié)作。共建方式也由單一走向多樣，既有直接投資、獨(dú)資建廠，也有與中國的民營企業(yè)以及所在國的各類企業(yè)之間進(jìn)行的共同投資、合資合作，同時(shí)還積極探索第三方投資合作。

在總結(jié)成績的同時(shí)，翁杰明也給出了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防控的幾點(diǎn)措施意見：對(duì)于當(dāng)前國際經(jīng)貿(mào)形勢(shì)的變化，央企要采取相應(yīng)合規(guī)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防控措施，把“出血點(diǎn)”堅(jiān)決止住，同時(shí)還要對(duì)項(xiàng)目本身不斷優(yōu)化，通過把項(xiàng)目開發(fā)得更好、更精細(xì)、更能體現(xiàn)商業(yè)價(jià)值，來獲得比較好的回報(bào)。此外，國資委將加強(qiáng)管控，通過與有關(guān)部委進(jìn)行合作，對(duì)所有海外項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行在線監(jiān)管，做到有問題及時(shí)解決。

參與“一帶一路”建設(shè)，不僅加快了央企“走出去”的步伐，也使其在國際化進(jìn)程中穩(wěn)步成長、8益成熟。如今的央企在“出海”路上已越走越遠(yuǎn)，隨著合作共贏理念的不斷深化，央企也將走向更廣闊的舞臺(tái)。

In?the past five years， the Belt and Road?Initiative has grown from a vision into reality，?through opportunities and challenges， gaining fruits?while going through hard times. It started from?scratch to involve more and more countries through?unremitting efforts and continuous trials.In this process， China's centrally- radministeredstate -owned enterprises （central SOEs） havebeen the practitioners and pioneers in promoting?the Belt and Road Initiative， and have gained remarkable?achievements.

Practitioners that turn visions into reality

In the "going global" layout， the central SOEsfocus on building and operating infrastructure， so?as to promote the connectivity of the countries?along the Belt and Road. Weng Jieming， ViceChairman of State-owned Assets Supervision?and Administration Commission （SASAC），PRC pointed out that with their strength and experience?in infrastructure construction and?operation， China's central SOEs have proactively?played their roles in building and?operating the infrastructure in the countries?and regions along the Belt and Road in multipleareas， including railways， ports， highways and telecommunications，.

In the railway sector， the first modern?electrified railway in East Africa - the AddisAbaba-Djibouti Railway， has been in operation，?which significantly reduces the transportation time?from one week to one day. The Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway has transported almost?two million passengers since its operationover one year. In addition， there are other projects?under construction， including the China-Laos Railway， the Belgrade- Budapest Railway，?and the Jarkarta-Bandung High- speed Railway，?making railway construction a symbol of China in?the Belt and Road Initiative.

As for ports， the Greek Port of Piraeus has?gradually become a major port for containertransfer， land-ocean transportation and an?interactional?logistic distribution center in theMediterranean Region， with its container traffic reaching?7.2 million TEUs in 2018. The newport in Djibouti - the Doraleh Multipurpose Port（DMP）， is another port built under the Belt andRoad Initiative， which is now one of the largestand the most modem port in East Africa.

In terms of highways， a series of projects?have been carried out， and have brought?significant changes to local transportation. One?of the projects is the Karakoram Highway that connects?China and Pakistan. While tapping into?the local tourism resources， the highways also?foster a batch of new industries such as local retail?business and gem mining.

As for telecommunication networks， China'sCentral SOEs have been working on submarine optical?cables， territorial optical cables and other high-volume?and high- -speed communication facilities?in Northeast Asia， Central Asia， SouthAsia， Southeast Asia and many other regions， to build?a comprehensive and interconnected system?of telecommunication network in all dimensions.

Apart from infrastructure construction，China's Central SOEs also focus on deepening cooperation?in energies， resources and global capacities. By October 2018， the central SOEs?had launched more than 60 projects on oil and?gas cooperation in more than 20 countries， to support?the economic development needs of the countries?along the Belt and Road. In addition?，they are also devoted to exchanging and sharing the?techniques in exploiting mineral resources，?which effectively improves the countries' capacities?and skills in exploiting energies and mineral?resources.

Pioneers in people-to-people bond

Infrastructure construction lays the cornerstone?for the Belt and Road Initiative，?whereas people-to- people bond is essential.On October 30， 2018， a media briefing of building?the Belt and Road Initiative was held by theSASAC and was attended by the central SOEs.The SASAC spoke highly of the models that the?central SOEs have set in people- -to- people bond."In the Belt and Road Initiative， the central SOEshave proactively fulfilled?their social responsibilities?and shaped well as responsible enterprises.They are law-abiding companies of integrity，?seeking localized approaches to development，?with an eye on environmental protection. Theyhave been devoted to public goods， and haveplayed a positive role in improving local people’s livelihood， advancing coordinated development and?promoting cultural exchanges."

It is noted that about 85% of the employees at?the central SOEs' overseas branches are?hired locally， and in many of these enterprises?，local employees take up more than 90% of?the staff. Especially in the Indonesia branch ofChina National Petroleum Corporation （CNPC）and the Pakistan branch of China Mobile， 99%of the staff is hired locally. While providing job opportunities?directly， the central SOEs also helpbring 10-plus or even scores of times increase in?job opportunities in those regions indirectly.

In the process of "going global"， the centralSOEs underline the ecological balance while?seeking development. When exploiting mineral resources， some of the companies integrate the?concept of green development throughout the?process of production and operation. To?minimize the impact from resource exploitation on?environment， the central SOEs set higher standards?for environmental protection and apply?advanced technologies. Over the past few?years， the central SOEs have strictly abided by internationally?recognized rules and local laws?and regulations on environmental protection， and?have reinforced local environmental protection through?third- party assessment on environment，?energy conservation and emission reduction， as?well as waste management， etc.

In addition， the central SOEs have also active?lyparticuipated?in the construction of local servicesand facilities for education， culture， and healthcare， benefiting local people and showing a great sense?of responsibility. For example， POWERCHINA has organized and participated in local roadrehabilitation， sunken ship search and rescue， car accidents?response， and much other rescue and?relief work. The Metallurgical Corporation of ChinaLtd. （MCC Group） has funded the construction?of local hospitals and schools， which is widely?acclaimed by local communities...

Dream makers for the Belt and Road Initiative

The past years have witnessed the increasing?number of cooperation projects under theInitiative. The central SOEs have cooperated with each?other as well as with private enterprises，?local companies and multinational companies.Moreover， the fields of cooperation alsokeep expanding， from joint construction of infrastructure?to the joint construction of major projects， from joint exploitation of energies andresources to global cooperation on production capacity， from cooperation of products and?service to scientific researches and technological?collaboration. The ways of cooperation are more?and more diversified： in some cases， the centralSOEs make direct investment and build factorieswith sole proprietorship， or Chinese private companies?make joint investment， and start jointventures with local companies. At the same time，?they are actively seeking third parties to attract investment?and achieve cooperation.

While looking back on our achievements，?Weng also gave his advice on how the enterprises?should guard themselves against risks. He reckoned that world trade and economy?have been changing， and therefore the centralSOEs shall take measures to prevent and control risks?according to regulations and based on situations， to make sure all risks are eliminated.At the same time， they should keep improving the?projects， and seek better gains by optimizing the?projects for finer management and greater commercial?values. In addition， the SASAC willstrengthen online control over all the overseas projects?through cooperation with related ministries?and commissions， and make sure all problems?are resolved promptly.

By taking part in the Belt and Road Initiative，?the central SOEs not only speed up their globalization?process， but also grow steadily?to become fully-fledged. By now， the centralSOEs have achieved a lot in the journey?of "going global"， and as the ideas of cooperation and mutual?benefits deepen， the central SOEs will embrace?a wider world.