王海峰

改革開放是中國的基本國策，也是推動中國社會經(jīng)濟全面發(fā)展的根本動力。對外開放推動了中國特色社會主義市場經(jīng)濟建設(shè)，使得中國經(jīng)濟更加有效地融入全球經(jīng)濟，大大提升了中國參與全球競爭合作的能力，促進了國民經(jīng)濟和社會持續(xù)健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。習(xí)近平主席倡導(dǎo)的“一帶一路”為我國新時代改革開放指明了方向，注入了活力。

“‘一帶一路”助力改革和開放互動發(fā)展。改革和開放是中國特色社會主義建設(shè)和經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的兩大動力，二者相輔相成，缺一不可。對外開放為我國的經(jīng)濟改革提供了可供參考借鑒的經(jīng)驗和大量鮮活的案例，也使得我國企業(yè)在國外市場競爭中發(fā)展壯大，更是推動我國市場體制不斷完善的外部動力。另一方面，隨著改革的不斷深化，又為更寬領(lǐng)域和更大范圍內(nèi)的對外開放打開了空間。

“‘一帶一路”使我國由重點開放轉(zhuǎn)向全面開放。隨著改革開放的不斷深化，中國對外開放不僅由點到面有序推進，而且也由重點領(lǐng)域開放向全方位開放展開。相對于我國制造領(lǐng)域的對外開放水平，服務(wù)業(yè)的對外開放還有較大空間。制造業(yè)對外開放幫助我國成為制造大國，服務(wù)業(yè)的對外開放也會幫助我國提高服務(wù)業(yè)的綜合競爭能力。在市場準入負面清單試點試驗的基礎(chǔ)上，我國經(jīng)濟全面開放的條件已經(jīng)成熟?！癬帶一路”框架下的政策溝通、設(shè)施聯(lián)通、貿(mào)易暢通、資金融通、民心相通和國際產(chǎn)能合作的不斷深入將會有力促進我國經(jīng)濟的全面開放。

新時代改革和開放需要“一帶一路”建設(shè)引領(lǐng)。加入WTO前，中國參與全球經(jīng)貿(mào)投資合作，主要是被動地適應(yīng)全球經(jīng)貿(mào)投資規(guī)則，通過貿(mào)易投資自由化來助力國內(nèi)市場化改革。加入WTO后，中國開始主動參與全球經(jīng)貿(mào)投資規(guī)則的制定，在繼續(xù)擴大開放的同時，與東盟等十幾個經(jīng)濟體開始自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定談判，綜合國力不斷增強，成為制造業(yè)、出口和利用外資大國，在國際貨幣基金組織和世界銀行的話語權(quán)和投票權(quán)明顯上升。2013年，中國提出“一帶一路”倡議，積極構(gòu)建高水平自由貿(mào)易網(wǎng)絡(luò)，推動區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟伙伴關(guān)系（RCEP）和亞太自貿(mào)區(qū)（FTAAP）建設(shè)，成為全球和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟治理體系的建設(shè)者和維護者。

Opening-up boosts global development

By Wang Yiwei

A nalyzing the essence of reform and opening-up in?Jhis speech on December 18 2018， President Xi said?the two phenomena have entered a new era. As such， China?should shoulder more responsibilities and share its experiences?with other countries to promote mutual development.

China launched reform and opening-up to learn?the salient?features of economic development from advanced countries，?and adapt itself to a world in transformation. Now after four decades?of continuous and deepening reform and opening-up， China can offer "China solutions" to growth problems for?other developing countries to consider.

China today stands at the same starting line as the West?at a time when the international community is grappling with?pressing problems such as a sluggish world economy， global?warming and interest?security. If the United States is trying?to reform its immigration and medical insurance systems， theEuropean Union aims to reform its social welfare system andCentral and Eastern European countries are seeking reform?partners. Reform is the new buzzword.

So the goal of China's reform should be to solve problems?facing not only China but also other countries. China's reform?should also help reform the world order for the better， make?greater contribution to world progress by sharing its development?experiences with less developed and other countries.

The Belt and Road Initiative， which embodies China’s four decades of reform and opening-up experience， is a?public good and platform for global cooperation. And China’s independent and comprehensive industrial system will ensure?the initiative leads to efficient and cost -effective cooperation.

Building a community with a shared future for mankind，?too， is part of China- -proposed solutions to global development?problems， as it is marked by cooperation and exchanges with?other countries along the Belt and Road.

The author is deputy head of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism withChinese Characteristics in the New Era Research Academy， Renmin?University of China