李卉嬪

“Netherlands”在荷蘭語中即低地的意思，荷蘭約有三分之二的土地基本與海平面同高或者低于海平面。這個(gè)填海造陸形成的國家國土面積和人口僅有重慶的一半，卻成為了僅次于美國的全球第二大農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口國。近年來，隨著“一帶一路”建設(shè)的不斷拓展，中荷合作的廣度和深度不斷提升。農(nóng)業(yè)一直是兩國間合作的重要領(lǐng)域，西部地區(qū)作為中國農(nóng)業(yè)的重要區(qū)域，與荷蘭又有哪些合作契機(jī)，帶著這些問題，記者走進(jìn)了荷蘭駐重慶總領(lǐng)事館，與荷蘭駐重慶總領(lǐng)事孔思哲一同尋找答案。

記者：“一帶一路”倡議為中荷兩國合作交流帶來了哪些新機(jī)遇？中歐班列給荷蘭與中國西部省市的互聯(lián)互通帶來了哪些新發(fā)展？

孔思哲：“一帶一路”倡議的提出，尤其是中歐班列開通以來，更加凸顯了荷蘭作為物流集散中心的突出地位。荷蘭靠海臨江，有發(fā)達(dá)的鐵路、公路等交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)，一直是物流大國、國際貿(mào)易大國。中歐班列運(yùn)行以來，除了原有的從上海港通過海運(yùn)運(yùn)輸貨物到荷蘭以外，還可以經(jīng)陸路將來自中國的工業(yè)品、荷蘭的消費(fèi)品等更快捷地送達(dá)對(duì)方的市場(chǎng)，兩國都能獲得重大發(fā)展機(jī)遇。作為物流大國，我們可以在優(yōu)化流程等方面通力合作，讓物流更加順暢高效。

荷蘭物流企業(yè)十分看好中國西部發(fā)展?jié)摿?，去年和今年，荷蘭連續(xù)兩年派出物流代表團(tuán)來重慶考察交流。2018年10月，約40家荷蘭物流企業(yè)來重慶考察；今年4月，荷蘭王國基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和水管理部秘書長(zhǎng)李德薇女士率荷蘭物流代表團(tuán)一行30人來渝訪問，雖然企業(yè)數(shù)量減少，但政府部門的參與，可以明顯看出支持力度的加大。成都-蒂爾堡專線運(yùn)行3年來，已經(jīng)從起初的每周兩列增開到現(xiàn)在的每周5列；渝新歐物流公司與荷蘭物流企業(yè)KLG集團(tuán)已經(jīng)有多年合作基礎(chǔ)，在重慶還設(shè)立了辦事處，雙方致力于共同發(fā)展冷鏈物流；今年4月舉行的“武漢·荷蘭鐵路物流研討會(huì)”上，武漢漢歐物流公司與荷蘭阿姆斯特丹港等5家企業(yè)簽署了備忘錄，將共同開發(fā)武漢-阿姆斯特丹鐵路物流專線，連接武漢和荷蘭之間的物流、商業(yè)和貿(mào)易。渝新歐公司、蓉歐公司在荷蘭都設(shè)有辦事處，可以說，物流業(yè)是雙方間最具合作前景的產(chǎn)業(yè)。

“經(jīng)貿(mào)合作空間很大”

記者：中國西部省市與荷蘭近年來的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作取得了哪些實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展？

孔思哲：在總領(lǐng)館的推動(dòng)下，雙方經(jīng)貿(mào)合作有很大空間。作為農(nóng)業(yè)及園藝業(yè)強(qiáng)國，荷蘭正積極開展與中國西部省市在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的合作，包括出口農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、推廣荷蘭先進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用及分享更高效的農(nóng)業(yè)種植經(jīng)驗(yàn)。農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口方面，目前，荷蘭可出口牛肉、雞肉等食品到中國，還有更多商品貿(mào)易協(xié)定正在商談中。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)方面，荷蘭先進(jìn)的溫室種植技術(shù)是荷蘭成為第二大農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口國的重要原因之一，目前這一技術(shù)在中國也得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。瓦格寧根大學(xué)是荷蘭著名的大學(xué)，這所學(xué)校農(nóng)業(yè)方面的學(xué)科技術(shù)含量世界排名第一，有許多中國留學(xué)生在此學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)。種植經(jīng)驗(yàn)方面，荷蘭的農(nóng)業(yè)合作社模式，充分發(fā)揮合作社成員間協(xié)作分工精神，大大提高了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率，即著名的“OVO三位一體”模式（農(nóng)業(yè)科研、教育、推廣協(xié)同發(fā)展，是荷蘭農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展和一體化經(jīng)營(yíng)的三大支柱）。重慶、四川、云南、貴州等西部省市有廣大的農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)域，充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)業(yè)合作組織的協(xié)同作用，提高生產(chǎn)效率，是雙方合作發(fā)展的重大機(jī)遇。云南自今年4月納入總領(lǐng)館的管轄范圍內(nèi)后，雙方企業(yè)正合作種植鮮花，并運(yùn)用溫室種植技術(shù)提高種植效率。

水資源管理方面，荷蘭國情獨(dú)特，水系發(fā)達(dá)，是全球著名的“水之國”，擅長(zhǎng)管理、利用水資源。中國西部多山區(qū)，不臨海，但荷蘭先進(jìn)的水管理技術(shù)仍然能在這里得到很好的運(yùn)用。重慶靠近嘉陵江、長(zhǎng)江兩條河流，需要應(yīng)用先進(jìn)的技術(shù)管理這些水資源。另外，中國正在推進(jìn)海綿城市建設(shè)，如何更好地蓄留、利用雨水，不使其直接匯入河流、大海，荷蘭的技術(shù)可在這方面發(fā)揮優(yōu)勢(shì)。

除此之外，在生命科學(xué)、健康養(yǎng)老、創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)等領(lǐng)域雙方也大有可為。隨著西部經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，娛樂、體育運(yùn)動(dòng)等方面市場(chǎng)需求增大，荷蘭很多體育企業(yè)在考察中表示出投資西部體育運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的強(qiáng)烈興趣。隨著中國老齡化的加劇，在老年人照料方面很有優(yōu)勢(shì)的荷蘭企業(yè)已經(jīng)開始尋找投資機(jī)會(huì)。長(zhǎng)于設(shè)計(jì)的荷蘭，也正在積極尋求與西部省市在創(chuàng)新、設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域更多的合作。

記者：中國西部企業(yè)在荷蘭以及荷蘭企業(yè)在中國西部的投資分別是什么情況？

孔思哲：中國西部企業(yè)在荷蘭的投資包括設(shè)立物流中心、研發(fā)中心、銷售中心等，充分利用荷蘭在歐洲的獨(dú)特地理優(yōu)勢(shì)，高附加值、技術(shù)水平高的產(chǎn)業(yè)在荷蘭有很大的發(fā)展?jié)摿?。西安諾瓦星云科技股份有限公司，是一家生產(chǎn)顯示屏的科技企業(yè)，其在荷蘭設(shè)立辦公室的數(shù)量越來越多。

荷蘭企業(yè)投資西部省市的數(shù)量隨著他們對(duì)西部了解的加深逐步增加，除原有的聯(lián)合利華、殼牌等大型企業(yè)，也有一些小微企業(yè)進(jìn)入成都。成都太古里最近有一家銷售時(shí)髦西服的荷蘭企業(yè)已正式營(yíng)業(yè)。

總領(lǐng)館的作用之一是增進(jìn)荷蘭與中國西部對(duì)彼此的了解，讓他們提起中國，能想到的不再僅有北京、上海等城市，也能多來四川、重慶、云南、貴州等地走走看看。青年人是加強(qiáng)兩地交流了解的重要使者，青年富有冒險(xiǎn)精神，他們樂于去探索、體驗(yàn)鮮為人知的地方，而西部有趣的文化對(duì)他們將產(chǎn)生巨大的吸引力。5月底就有一批荷蘭學(xué)生來重慶、成都考察交流。

記者：您對(duì)中國西部省市有哪些深刻的印象？

孔思哲：我十分喜歡這里的生活，這里的食物，重慶辣子雞是我的最愛。我現(xiàn)在還會(huì)說一些簡(jiǎn)單的漢語，不用依靠翻譯，很多物品的中文名稱我都知道。重慶是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)文化與現(xiàn)代文明交相輝映、活力四射、氣質(zhì)獨(dú)特的城市，這里的山、河、橋乃至人民都非常獨(dú)特有趣；成都是一個(gè)比較休閑的城市，我喜歡那里的茶文化，而據(jù)我所知，茶文化在西部乃至整個(gè)中國都很盛行；西安曾長(zhǎng)期作為古代中國的首都，擁有悠久的歷史文化；我還希望能去體驗(yàn)云南不同的有趣的文化?？傊鞑课幕谥袊幕卸际仟?dú)具特色而有趣的。

The word “Netherlands” literally means“l(fā)ow land” in Dutch. In the Netherlands， about two-thirds of the land is nearly at or below sea level. The size and population of the Netherlands， a country that owes a major part of its land to sea reclamation， are both only half that of Chongqing， but it has become the world’s second largest exporter of agricultural products behind the United States. In recent years， the continuous expansion of the Belt and Road Initiative has contributed to constant enhancement of Sino-Dutch cooperation in breadth and depth. Agriculture has always been a major field of cooperation between the two countries. As western China constitutes an important region of agriculture， what kind of opportunities may be brought by cooperation between the Netherlands and the western region of China？ With such questions in mind， the journalist interviewed Consul Koen Sizoo at the Consulate General of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Chongqing to jointly seek for the answer.

Journalist： What new opportunities have been created by the Belt and Road Initiative for the cooperation and exchange between China and the Netherlands？ And what new developments has the CHINA RAILWAY Express （CR Express） spurred in the interconnection between the Netherlands and the western provinces and cities of China？

Koen Sizoo： Since the proposal of the Belt and Road Initiative， especially since the CR Express was put into operation， the prominent position of the Netherlands as an international logistics hub has been even more highlighted. Richly endowed by nature with abundant rivers， the costal country， also supported by highlydeveloped transportation networks of railways and highways， is always a major country of international logistics and trade in the world. Ever since the CR Express was put into operation， in addition to the original sea transport of goods from the Port of Shanghai to the Netherlands， it is now also possible to connect China through land transport. In this way， the consumer goods from the Netherlands and the industrial goods from China can be delivered to each other’s market more quickly and conveniently， and both countries can benefit from significant development opportunities therefrom brought by. As major logistics countries， we can act with unified strength in optimizing the procedures to secure smoother and more efficient transport.

Dutch logistics companies think highly of the development potential of western China. In 2018 and 2019， the Netherlands has sent logistics delegations to Chongqing for study and exchange for two consecutive years. In October 2018， about 40 Dutch logistics companies visited Chongqing for study； in April 2019， Mrs. Lidewijde Ongering， Secretary General of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management of the Kingdom of the Netherlands， led a Dutch logistics delegation of 30 members to Chongqing. Although the number of enterprises in the delegation decreased， the involvement of Dutch government clearly demonstrates the increasing support for such visit to China. The Chengdu-Tilburg line has been in operation for three years， witnessing the frequency being raised from two trains per week initially to five trains per week at present； Yuxinou （Chongqing） Logistics Co.， Ltd. and the Dutch logistics company KLG Group have been cooperative partners for many years， and KLG has established an office in Chongqing. The two companies are committed to joining forces to develop cold chain logistics； at the “Wuhan-Netherlands Railway Logistics Seminar” held in April this year， Wuhan Asia-Europe Logistics Company signed memorandums with five Dutch logistics companies including the Port of Amsterdam to jointly develop the Wuhan-Amsterdam dedicated railway logistics line， and to connect the logistics， commerce and trade between Wuhan and the Netherlands. Both Yuxinou（Chongqing） Logistics Co.， Ltd. and Chengdu-Europe Supply Chain Group Co.， Ltd. have set up their offices in the Netherlands. Therefore， it can be said that the logistics marks the most promising industry for Sino-Dutch cooperation.

Journalist： What substantial progress has been made in the economic and trade cooperation between the western provinces and cities in China and the Netherlands in recent years？

Koen Sizoo： With the promotion by the Consulate General of the Netherlands in Chongqing， there is enormous space for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries. As the world’s agricultural and horticultural power， the Netherlands is actively conducting agricultural cooperation with China’s western provinces and cities， including exporting agricultural products， promoting the application of advanced agricultural technologies of the Netherlands， and sharing its experience in achieving higher-efficiency farming management. In terms of exporting agricultural products， the Netherlands can now export beef and chicken to China， and the trade agreements for more commodities are currently under negotiation. In terms of agricultural production technologies， the Netherlands’advanced greenhouse farming technology features one of the major reasons why the Netherlands has become the world’s second largest exporter of agricultural products. At present， this technology has also been widely used in China. Wageningen University & Research， a famous university in the Netherlands， ranks first worldwide in terms of the scientific quality of its subject in the field of agriculture. Many Chinese students have studied or are currently studying advanced agricultural technologies there. In terms of sharing experience in farming management， the Dutch model of agricultural cooperative has put the principle of task division and collaboration into full play among the members of the cooperatives and greatly improved the efficiency of agricultural production. This famous model is known as the “OVO triad” （agricultural research，education， and popularization are the three pillars of the Netherlands’ development and integrated operations of agriculture）. There are vast agricultural and rural areas in Chongqing， Sichuan， Yunnan， Guizhou and other western provinces and cities in China. It is a great opportunity for China and the Netherlands to develop cooperation in improving the production efficiency in these regions by giving full play to the synergy of agricultural cooperative organizations. Since Yunnan was included in the duties of the Consulate General in terms of model promotion in April 2018， Chinese and Dutch businesses have been cooperating in cultivating flower crops and using greenhouse technology to improve the efficiency of flower farming.

In terms of water resource management， the Netherlands features unique national conditions with abundant water resources. It is acclaimed as “water country” worldwide， skilled in managing and utilizing water resources. Although western China is largely mountainous and far from the sea， the advanced water resource management technology of the Netherlands can still be of great use here. Chongqing is situated by the Jialing River and the Yangtze River and it needs advanced technology to manage such water resources. In addition， as China is advancing the construction of “sponge cities”， it can draw on the advantages of Dutch water management technology to better retain and utilize rainwater， so that such water will not flow into rivers and seas directly.

Moreover， there are also many opportunities for Sino-Dutch cooperation in the fields of life sciences， healthcare， elderly care， innovative entrepreneurship and so forth. With the rapid economic development in western China， the market demand for entertainment and sports has also increased. Many Dutch sports companies expressed strong interest in investing in the sports industry in western China during their study tours there. As the aging problem in China intensifies， Dutch enterprises that have great advantages in elderly care have already started to look for investment opportunities in China. The Netherlands， a design power， is also actively seeking more cooperation opportunities with the western provinces and cities of China in the fields of innovation and design.

Journalist： How investment by companies of western China in the Netherlands is like and vice versa？

Koen Sizoo： The investment made by the enterprises of western China in the Netherlands mainly covers setting up logistics centers， R&D centers， and sales centers. Giving full play to the Netherlands’ unique geographical advantage in Europe contributes to the tremendous development potential of high value-added and high-tech industries. A typical example is that a growing number of offices have been established in the Netherlands by Xi’an Novastar Technology Co， Ltd.， a LED control system manufacturer.

The number of Dutch companies investing in the western provinces and cities of China has also been increasing gradually as their understanding about China’s western region deepens. In addition to the initial large enterprises such as Unilever and Shell， some small and micro enterprises have also started running their businesses in Chengdu. A Dutch company selling fashion suits recently opened in Sino-Ocean Taikoo Li Chengdu.

One of the functions of the Consulate General is to enhance the Netherlands’understanding about western China and vice versa， so that what occurs to the Dutch people about China will no longer be cities like Beijing and Shanghai only. Western regions in China such as Sichuan， Chongqing， Yunnan and Guizhou might also be their destinations. Young people are important envoys to promote exchanges and communications between the two countries. They are more adventurous， willing to explore and experience littleknown places. And the interesting culture of western China will have a huge attraction for them. At the end of May， a group of Dutch students came to Chongqing and Chengdu for study and exchange.

Journalist： What impresses you the most about the western provinces and cities in China？

Koen Sizoo： I really enjoy the life and the food here. Chongqing Laziji （deep fried chicken with dry chili peppers） is my favorite. I can also speak some simple Chinese now. Even without translation， I can recognize many things in Chinese. Chongqing is a vigorous city with unique characteristics where traditional culture and modern civilization merge with and complement each other perfectly. The mountains， rivers， bridges and even the folks here are unique and interesting； while Chengdu is quite a leisurely city. I like the tea culture there. As far as I know， tea culture is very popular in China’s western regions and even all over China. Xi’an had been the capital of several dynasties in ancient China， and it boasts a time-honored tradition and culture. I also hope to experience the various interesting cultures of Yunnan. In short， the cultures of western China are all unique and fascinating pieces of the Chinese cultural mosaic.