建筑設(shè)計(jì)：直向建筑

Architect: Vector Architects

1 改造后內(nèi)景/Interior view after renovation

2 入口/Entrance

評(píng)論

青鋒：一個(gè)典型的直向作品。整潔的幾何對(duì)位，純凈而準(zhǔn)確的建筑語(yǔ)匯，精心調(diào)整的建構(gòu)秩序，不同光線的穿透交錯(cuò)，以及深入毫厘的細(xì)節(jié)控制。直向的改造完全指向了原來(lái)雜院的對(duì)立面：一個(gè)被貫穿始終的潛在秩序所駕馭的場(chǎng)所。如果不是幾個(gè)小院的存在，這種毫無(wú)遺漏的秩序甚至可能變得過(guò)于強(qiáng)硬。但是，植被的生長(zhǎng)與人們的閑散活動(dòng)有效地抵消了秩序的壓迫感。杰弗里·巴瓦已經(jīng)給予過(guò)明證，院落的好壞并不在于尺度?；蛟S只有在這樣的項(xiàng)目中，我們才能在更高、更快、更大之中再次認(rèn)識(shí)微小而深刻的品質(zhì)。

王碩：胡同充滿了混雜、共生的多樣性，只不過(guò)由于歷史、產(chǎn)權(quán)、人群的原因，這種混雜性封存在了一種被城市發(fā)展遺落了的生活狀態(tài)里。而直向的“混合院”正是一個(gè)鮮明的案例，既引入材料、建造、空間體驗(yàn)等全方面的品質(zhì)升級(jí)，同時(shí)又通過(guò)一些巧妙的建構(gòu)方式保留了空間被多重使用功能混合的多樣性。尤其是保留傳統(tǒng)建造體系的完整北房，與其南側(cè)在原有臨建房屋基地上重生而出來(lái)的具有不同結(jié)構(gòu)體系，屋頂形式，通透性的空間序列形成的新舊并置。這種強(qiáng)烈的共生感似乎預(yù)示著混合院的使用功能未來(lái)還將發(fā)生各種各樣的變化。

4 活動(dòng)/Event

混合院位于北京白塔寺地區(qū)，地處老城核心地段。它是“白塔寺再生計(jì)劃”的一部分：業(yè)主本意是試圖通過(guò)局部幾個(gè)院落改造，將更為適應(yīng)當(dāng)代生活的方式、品質(zhì)以及資訊帶入整個(gè)區(qū)域。我們的基地是一個(gè)包含了不規(guī)則院落和一系列加建的雜院，其中北側(cè)體量為1960年代由臨時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)搭建而成的職工宿舍，在我們介入前結(jié)構(gòu)已損壞較為嚴(yán)重。在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，我們思考并試圖提出適合北京老城城市更新的方法，探討以公共空間激活社區(qū)的可能性。主要設(shè)計(jì)策略包含以下幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：

混合性

雜院通過(guò)“混雜”的狀態(tài)給使用者帶來(lái)在現(xiàn)代居住區(qū)中難以體驗(yàn)的歸屬感和鄰里關(guān)系。我們?cè)诒ＷC混合院中空間私密性和領(lǐng)域感的同時(shí)，在多個(gè)界面加入旋轉(zhuǎn)或推拉的操作，增加空間被靈活利用的可能性。展覽、文化活動(dòng)、學(xué)術(shù)聚會(huì)、小型辦公、咖啡空間和包括居住在內(nèi)的多種功能在院中混合共生。在這里，雜院的混合性得以延續(xù)，各個(gè)空間中的活動(dòng)將吸引不同使用者前來(lái)，從而進(jìn)一步激發(fā)該區(qū)域更多的潛力。

新舊并置

受限于老城保護(hù)類和房屋修繕類法規(guī)，我們對(duì)于有產(chǎn)權(quán)且體量相對(duì)完整的北房采取落架大修的方式還原其傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)，以延續(xù)北京四合院的狀態(tài)與氣質(zhì)。設(shè)計(jì)中，我們用體量感較弱的空間裝置置換了院落中原有的低質(zhì)量臨時(shí)搭建?？傮w的空間布局界定了一大兩小3個(gè)院落，各個(gè)功能間的使用關(guān)系被重新梳理。工廠預(yù)制的竹鋼材料配合新的建造方式將施工時(shí)對(duì)鄰居的擾動(dòng)降到了最低。新舊并置體現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)、建造方式及空間體驗(yàn)等各個(gè)層面。

隱含的線路

當(dāng)東西兩側(cè)入口被同時(shí)打開時(shí)，一條被隱藏的貫穿整個(gè)院落連接青塔胡同與宮門口四條的道路被呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)，而院子又與咖啡空間相連進(jìn)一步形成了院內(nèi)對(duì)社區(qū)開放的公共性空間。

今后，混合院的使用功能可能會(huì)發(fā)生變化，甚至?xí)徊煌娜藫碛谢蚬芾?。但從長(zhǎng)久的視角看我們希望混合院能逐漸成為整個(gè)白塔寺地區(qū)一個(gè)具備并激發(fā)公共能量的場(chǎng)所。

Courtyard Hybrid is located in Baitasi area,right in the core of Beijing's old city. It is a part of the Baitasi Remade Project which aims to bring higher life quality, information and new lifestyles into the whole area through a small number of scattered courtyard renovations. Our site contained an irregular courtyard and a cluster of additions, which is typically called"Zayuan" in Chinese. Situated in the North side of the courtyard, the main building was built in the 1960s as a dormitory. In this project, we try to think about the methods to renovate the historical area of Beijing and to explore multiple possibilities of revitalising community through public space. Our main design strategies include the following regards.

Hybrid

Through itshybrid status, Zayuan incubates a sense of belonging and neighbourhood. In Courtyard Hybrid, while sense of privacy and domain can be achieved, most of the interfaces are designed with rotary operation in order to create more possibilities of space use. We aim to accommodate various functions such as exhibition, cultural event, academic seminar,office, café and living as well. By remaining the hybrid status of Zayuan, it attracts different kinds of users and stimulates even more potentials.

Juxtaposition of the old and new

Limited to local laws and regulations, we overhaul the North House for it was a registered property. We restore the pitched roof by reassembling its structure to maintain the traditional state of courtyard house.We replace original low-quality additions by two spatial installations with less sense of volume. The overall layout defines one large courtyard and two small ones: relationship among multiple functions is then clarified. The prefabricated new material, laminated bamboo, together with the timber structure, minimises the disturbance within the neighbourhood during construction. The old and New are juxtaposed in terms of construction, structure, spatial experience, etc.

A secret path

When the east and west entrances are both opened,a path connecting Qingta Hutong and Gongmenkou Sitiao is revealed by itself. While Courtyard Hybrid is open at both sides, the big courtyard and café further form a public space for the whole community.

In different periods, Courtyard Hybrid can vary in terms of functions; it can be owned and managed by different people or groups. We hope Courtyard Hybrid gradually becomes a place providing public energy to the whole Baitasi area.

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

地點(diǎn)/Location: 宮門口四條22號(hào)/No. 22 Gongmenkou Sitiao

業(yè)主/Client: 北京華融金盈投資發(fā)展有限公司/Beijing Huarong Jinying Investment Development Co., Ltd.

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: 董功/DONG Gong

建造管理/Construction Management: 孫棟平/SUN Dongping

項(xiàng)目建筑師/Project Architects: 張愷，梁琛/ZHANG Kai,LIANG Chen

駐場(chǎng)建筑師/Site Architect: 張愷/ZHANG Kai

項(xiàng)目成員/Design Team: 葉品晨，馬小凱，孫飛，廖慕煢，商琪然，趙守豐/YE Pinchen, MA Xiaokai, SUN Fei,LIAO Muqiong, SHANG Qiran, ZHAO Shoufeng

結(jié)構(gòu)及設(shè)備專業(yè)/Structural & MEP Engineering: 中國(guó)建筑科學(xué)研究院/China Academy of Building Research

結(jié)構(gòu)顧問(wèn)/Structural Consultant: 儲(chǔ)德文/CHU Dewen

燈光顧問(wèn)/Lighting Consultant: 張昕/ZHANG Xin

結(jié)構(gòu)/Structure: 木結(jié)構(gòu)/Timber structure

材料/Material: 竹鋼，玻璃磚，黃花松/Laminated Bamboo slate, Glass block, Olga bay larch

建筑面積/Building Area: 155m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Time: 2015.03-2015.07

建設(shè)時(shí)間/Construction Time: 2015.07-2017.03

攝影/Photos: 夏至，直向建筑/XIA Zhi, Vector Architects

Comments

QING Feng: This is a design with signature characteristics of Vector Architects. Tidy and clean geometrical alignment, pure and accurate architectural expression, delicately adjusted tectonic orders, different rays of light penetrating and interwoven, and detail controls that are accurate to each centimetre. This renovation points completely to the opposite of the original courtyard, and made it become a place that is driven by hidden order from the inside out. If it were not for the existence of the adjoining courtyards, this flawless order may even appear to be too rigid. However, the growing plants and the hustle and bustle of human activities effectively neutralised the pressing sense of order. Geoffrey Bawa had proven that the virtue of a courtyard is not decided by its scale. When everyone is so used to pursuing the qualities of higher, faster and bigger, maybe it is only in a project like this,that we can recognize the value of subtlety and depth again. (Translated by WANG Xinxin)

WANG Shuo: Hutong is full of mixed and symbiotic diversity, but due to reasons regarding history, property rights and population, this kind of hybrid is enclosed in a kind of living condition left behind by the urban development. Vector Architects's "Courtyard Hybrid" is such a distinct case. It not only introduces quality upgrades in all aspects such as materials, construction and space experience, but also retains the diversity of space mixing multiple functions through some ingenious construction methods. Especially the juxtaposition of the old and new, the whole north house which retains the traditional construction system, and the space sequence on the south that was reborn from the original footprint with different structural system, roof form and permeability. This strong sense of symbiosis seems to indicate that the functions of Courtyard Hybrid will still see various changes in the future. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

5 草圖/Sketch

6 改造前鳥瞰/Aerial view before renovation