建筑設(shè)計：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)營造

Architect: ZAO/standardarchitecture

共生院是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)營造繼微胡同、微雜院之后，對北京老城四合院有機(jī)更新改造新模式的進(jìn)一步探索實踐。目的是探索在傳統(tǒng)胡同格局中公共與私人共同生活的可能性，并實驗在局限空間中滿足全部基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施需求，創(chuàng)造胡同小尺度舒適生活。

基地位于白塔寺歷史保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)一處150m2的雜院。設(shè)計通過木屋架延伸連接，墻體整合強(qiáng)化等動作，用翻修取代重建，創(chuàng)造出3個不同尺度的豐富院落。共生院由一個只占據(jù)胡同一個開間模數(shù)的8m2大小包含日常生活所需一切基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的插入式居住單元和一個完整連續(xù)的公共展覽空間組成，并在公共空間中置入一個4.5m2集廚房、洗衣、衛(wèi)生間、儲物等一體化的功能模塊。私人居住與公共展覽環(huán)繞院子共生，創(chuàng)造多種生活方式共存的豐富狀態(tài)。

其中插入式居住單元和一體化功能模塊，結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立，其產(chǎn)品化、集約化的特點可在老城改造中積極推廣，最大化地改善影響胡同生活最迫切的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施問題。對于北京老城保護(hù)片區(qū)中的更新改造具有普遍意義。

1 改造前/Views before renovation

2 改造前/Views before renovation

3 改造前/Views before renovation

4 改造前/Views before renovation

5 改造后剖面/Section after renovation

評論

莊子玉：院落的命題其實東西方皆有，然而相對西方院落更多是一種通過性空間或者建筑室內(nèi)空間的外部延續(xù)，中國的院落承載了更多內(nèi)向的功能和完整性。內(nèi)觀之態(tài)或向內(nèi)求的態(tài)度，從來就是東方性的一個基本立足點，所謂內(nèi)化的完整性與統(tǒng)一性——在這樣一種語境下，一個院子就是一座城市，人們棲居于此而自成一方天地。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)營造的共生院恰好是這樣一種態(tài)度下的當(dāng)代實踐，對于“全部基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施需求”的介入以及模塊化的引入，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化了在極為有限的空間內(nèi)，建筑功能體系和體驗的完整性與豐富度。另一方面，這樣的操作將北京老城改造中最大的難點——基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的整體整治方式化整為零，原有的胡同肌理和關(guān)系得以保留；傳統(tǒng)胡同從內(nèi)而外自我生長的邏輯，通過當(dāng)代的建構(gòu)方式得以延續(xù)。而基于這種原型改造后的每一個自成體系的院落，又如中國山水卷軸的散點透視般，最終形成一幅幅獨(dú)立而連續(xù)的京城市井的全新畫卷。

思唯雅·蘭泰里：項目試圖探索介于公共和私密規(guī)模之間的共居的可能性：呈現(xiàn)為3種不同尺度的院落，該項目測試了最小插入生活單元和服務(wù)核的工業(yè)化和可復(fù)制性，并作為“針灸”系統(tǒng)的可能部分在胡同內(nèi)廣泛采用的可能性。即便建筑師選擇與既有建筑之間相互脫離，拒絕非正式性描述現(xiàn)存空間，該項目依然通過有趣的當(dāng)代語匯和材料得到了清晰的表達(dá)——木結(jié)構(gòu)通過新的細(xì)節(jié)喚起歷史的記憶，混凝土與深墨色等混合，從而能夠與傳統(tǒng)進(jìn)行對話。（龐凌波 譯）

6 改造后外景/Exterior views after renovation

7 改造后外景/Exterior views after renovation

Co-Living Courtyard further explores a sustainable renewal strategy for the historic fabric in old city Beijing, following the other two building experiments:Micro Hutong and Micro Yuan'er, also completed by ZAO/standardarchitecture. It aims to explore coliving possibilities between public and private in traditional courtyard structure, and challenge ways of infrastructure integration in limited space to create decent new hutong life.

Located in Baitasi historical area, the messy courtyard of 150m2is renovated into a co-existing space with three courtyards of various scales shared by two different properties. One is a minimum of 8m2inserted by living units of only one bay for each, including all demands necessary for a person or couple to live in.The other relatively big and continues space is intended to be an exhibition open to the public. Furthermore, a service core of 4.5m2facilitated with kitchen, bathroom,laundry and storage is merged in the public space,providing amenities largely lacking in Hutongs.

Both the minimum inserted living unit and the service core are characterised by their possibilities of industrialisation like products. Once propagated throughout the old city, they may solve urgent infrastructure problems and dramatically improve the quality of life among hutong residents.

項目信息/Credits and Data

業(yè)主/Client: 北京華融金盈投資發(fā)展有限公司/Beijing Huarong Jinying Investment Development Co., Ltd.

地點/Location: 宮門口四條36號/No.36 Gongmenkou Sitiao

建筑師/Architects: 張軻，方書君/ZHANG Ke, FANG Shujun

項目團(tuán)隊/Project Team: 何況，池上碧，Stefano Di Daniel，侯新覺，李雅倫/HE Kuang, Ao Ikegami, Stefano Di Daniel, HOU Xinjue, LI Yalun

基地面積/Site Area: 150m2

建筑面積/Building Area: 8m2（插入式最小居住單元），4.5m2（一體化功能模塊），84m2（公共展覽）/8m2(Minimum Inserted Unit), 4.5m2(Service Core),84m2(Exhibition)

攝影/Photos: 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)營造/ZAO/standardarchitecture

8 模型/Models

9 改造后內(nèi)景/Interior view after renovation

10 改造后外景/Exterior views after renovation

11 改造后外景/Exterior views after renovation

Comments

ZHUANG Ziyu: In fact, the themes of the courtyard exists in both oriental and western courtyards. However,compared with western courtyards, it is more a passageway space or an external continuation of interior space of the building. Chinese courtyards are more integral with more internal functions. The attitude of introspection has always been a basic foothold in the oriental culture, which is the so-called integrity and uniformity. In such a context,a courtyard is like a city, where people live and create their own world. ZAO/standardarchitecture's symbiotic yard is precisely the contemporary practice in such a manner. The introduction of "all infrastructure needs"and modularisation further strengthens the integrity and richness of architectural functional system and experience in a limited space. On the other hand, such an operation will decentralise the whole renovation of infrastructure,the most tough task in the old city renovation of Beijing,and thus preserving the original mechanism and relationship of the hutong. The logic of self-growth of traditional hutong from inside to outside can be continued through the contemporary construction mode. Based on this prototype, each transformed self-contained courtyard,in a mode of scattered point perspective like a Chinese landscape scroll, eventually forms a brand new panorama of the marketplace of Beijing in an independent and continuous manner.

Silvia Lanteri: This project tries to explore co-living possibilities between public and private dimensions:presenting three courtyards of various sizes, it tests the possibility of industrialisation and replicability for both the minimum inserted living unit and the service

core, as possible parts of an "acupunctural" system spreadable around the hutongs. Even if the architects choose to detach from what was there before, denying the informality characterising the existing space, the project is articulated through interesting contemporary language and materials - wooden structures recalling the ancient with new details, concrete mixed with dark ink, etc. - able to converse with traditional ones.