李建高
近年來,中考對主謂一致的考查主要集中在以下幾個方面:
一、根據(jù)主語的單復(fù)數(shù)和可數(shù)性考查主謂一致
如果用作主語的名詞或代詞是單數(shù),則謂語動詞用單數(shù);如果用作主語的名詞或代詞是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果用作主語的名詞或代詞是不可數(shù)名詞,則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
(2018年上海卷)The twins fond of the new idea in the magazine article.
A. be B. am
C. is D. are
解析:句子主語the twins為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,選D。
(2018年郴州卷)—What would you like, coffee or tea?
—Either OK. I dont mind.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
解析:句子主語either作代詞,意為“兩者中任何一個”,在句中作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。根據(jù)語境可知,空格處用一般現(xiàn)在時,選A。
二、考查“主語+介詞短語”用作主語時的主謂一致
介詞短語一般不用作主語,因此,當(dāng)“主語+介詞短語”處于主語位置時,其后的謂語動詞只與其中的“主語”有關(guān)系而與其中的“介詞短語”無關(guān)。如a teacher with his students作主語,謂語動詞只與a teacher保持一致,而與his students無關(guān)。
(2018年銅仁卷)She with her mother often hills on Sundays.
A. climbs B. climb
C. climbed D. to climb
解析:句子的真正主語是she,為單數(shù)。由時間狀語on Sundays可知,該句用一般現(xiàn)在時,選A。
三、考查并列成分作主語時的主謂一致
對于并列成分作主語的主謂一致問題,同學(xué)們要注意以下兩類結(jié)構(gòu):
1)當(dāng)and和both...and...連接的兩個并列成分作主語時,謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。
2)當(dāng)either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...連接的兩個并列成分作主語時,謂語動詞通常要與其最靠近的主語保持一致。
(2018年新疆卷)Both Mike and I ready for the new high school life.
A. be B. am
C. is D. are解析:Both... and...連接兩個并列主語時,謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,選D。
(2018年蘭州卷)Neither Tom nor I interested in playing WeChat.
A. am B. is
C. are D. be
解析:當(dāng)neither...nor...連接兩個并列成分作主語時,其后謂語動詞要與其最靠近的主語保持一致,選A。
(2018年泰州卷)Not only children but also my husband crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea(《紅海行動》).
A. is B. are
C. am D. be
解析:當(dāng)not only...but also...連接兩個并列成分作主語時,其后謂語動詞要與其最靠近的主語保持一致,選A。
四、考查a/the number of...作主語時的主謂一致
A number of意為“一些;許多”,后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Number前還可加形容詞用以表示數(shù)量的多或少,如:a large/small/great number of等。The number of意為“……數(shù)量”,后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。
(2018年天水卷)—The number of tourists over 33 million this year.
—Yes. A large number of tourists so far because of the new look of our city.
A. is; have come B. is; has come
C. are; has come D. are; have come
解析:The number of...作主語時,其后的謂語動詞要用單數(shù),第一空填is;a number of...作主語時,其后的謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù),第二空填have come,選A。
五、考查there be句式中的主謂一致
在there be句式中,動詞be不僅有時態(tài)上的變化,而且有單復(fù)數(shù)的變化:確定其時態(tài)的方法是看句子意思和句中的時間狀語或其他相關(guān)時態(tài);確定其單復(fù)數(shù)的方法是看與動詞be最靠近的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。
(2018年長春卷)Nowadays, there more heroes in China. We admire them a lot.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
解析:There be句式中的be與其后的名詞保持一致,可排除A和C;再根據(jù)句中的時間狀語nowadays可知,句子應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時,選B。
(2018年泰州卷)—Why are you late, Jim?
—Because there a lot of traffic when I came here.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
解析:因為主語traffic為不可數(shù)名詞,所以此處的there be句式中的be用單數(shù);再根據(jù)when I came here中的一般過去時可知,句子講述的是過去的情況,選C。
六、考查一段時間等作主語時的主謂一致
當(dāng)一段時間(如ten years)、一段距離(如five hundred miles)、一筆錢(如100 dollars)用作主語時,常將其視為一個整體,其后的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
(2018年宜賓卷)Two months a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation.
A. am B. is C. are
解析:主語two months意為“兩個月”,通常將其視為一個整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,選B。
七、考查非謂語動詞作主語時的主謂一致
當(dāng)非謂語動詞作句子的主語時,謂語動詞原則上用單數(shù)。若非謂語動詞帶有自己的賓語,且賓語為復(fù)數(shù)形式,此時不要受此影響而誤用復(fù)數(shù)謂語。
(2018年永州卷)Playing computer games too often bad for us.
A. am B. is C. are
解析:句子主語playing computer games為動名詞短語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。切忌受playing的賓語games的影響而誤用復(fù)數(shù)謂語。選B。