1 浴室風(fēng)景/Picturesque view of the Bathhouse （攝影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）

這座新的衛(wèi)生建筑滿足了孤兒院的基本需求；廁所、個人衛(wèi)生設(shè)施和洗衣房。內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)建成，是項(xiàng)目的基本框架。

最私密的功能位于兩個抹灰的混凝土體塊中。中心區(qū)有洗浴用的混凝土隔間，并朝向廣袤的柚木林。洗浴區(qū)只有局部是私密的，這是為了適應(yīng)克倫族的文化。傾斜的竹立面覆蓋著建筑正面，形成了一條通道，將兩個功能連接起來。

這個項(xiàng)目的一個巨大挑戰(zhàn)是排水道，它必須進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場處理。排水系統(tǒng)要能在雨季處理大量的水。港灣孤兒院現(xiàn)有的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施又小又暗，混凝土地面上還有積水和污垢。在這個浴室上，我們嘗試了替代的解決辦法，希望它能在該地區(qū)未來的發(fā)展中成為一個重要的財富。礫石和木地面很容易清潔、干燥，用多層石料和礫石可以排干所有潮濕房間的水。廁所的污物由埋在地下的管道排出。

泰國北部的氣候使良好的個人衛(wèi)生成為預(yù)防疾病的關(guān)鍵，特別是幼兒。通過這個浴室，TYIN希望為個人衛(wèi)生創(chuàng)造功能良好、給人尊嚴(yán)的設(shè)施。□（尚晉 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

建筑類型/Type: 浴室/Bathhouse

客戶/Client: Safe Haven Orphanage

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architects: Andreas Grontvedt Gjertsen, Yashar Hanstad

施工/Construction: TYIN設(shè)計(jì)室建筑事務(wù)所和當(dāng)?shù)毓と?TYIN tegnestue and local workers

建筑面積/Floor Area: 61m2

造價/Cost: 2.25萬挪威克朗（2979歐元）/22,500 NOK(2,979 EUR)

施工時間/Construction Period: 2009.01.12-29

攝影/Photos: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com

2 浴室建造過程/Halfway into the building of the bathhouse （攝影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）

3浴室背面，照片背景為緬甸山脈前的圖書館建筑/Backside of the Bathhouse, the library building in front of the the Burmese mountains in the background （攝影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）

4竹子覆蓋了立面的不同部分，為小個子和大個子都提供了好玩的外觀和有用的開口/Bamboo covers different parts of the fa?ade giving a playful look and useful openings for both small and big people （攝影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）

5兩部分磚結(jié)構(gòu)之間用于沐浴的開放空間/Open space for bathing between the two brick structures （攝影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）

6新的廁所是用舊輪胎和當(dāng)?shù)厣痰甑默F(xiàn)成產(chǎn)品制成的。地板用1m厚的礫石和石頭排水/The new toilets are made from old tyres and readymade products from the local shops. The floor is drained with a 1m layer of gravel and stones（攝影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）

7平面/Plan

The new sanitary building houses the basic needs of the orphanage; the toilets, personal hygiene facilities and laundry. The internal structure was already built and became the framework for the project.

The most intimate functions are located within the two plastered concrete masses. The central zone contains concrete containers for bathing and opens out towards the vast teak plantation. The bathing area is only partly privatised, adapted to Karen culture. A tilted fa?ade of bamboo covers the front of the building and creates a passageway, connecting the two functions together.

A huge challenge in this project was the sewage,which has to be dealt with on-site. The drainage system has to be able to cope with large amounts of water during the rainy season. The existing sanitary facilities at Safe Haven Orphanage were narrow,dark and have concrete flooring that accumulated water and dirt. With this bathhouse we have tried alternative solutions that hopefully will be an important asset in the future development in the district. Gravel and wooden floors are easy to keep clean and dry, using layers of stone and gravel drains all wet rooms. The waste from the toilets passes through pipes buried in the ground.

The climate of northern Thailand makes good personal hygiene essential to prevent diseases,especially for small children. With this bathhouse TYIN wanted to create well functioning and dignified facility for personal hygiene.□

評論

盧健松：盡管只有60m2，該建筑的每個細(xì)節(jié)都展示了人性的關(guān)懷。建筑師通過氣候、形式、功能之間復(fù)雜關(guān)系的靈活處理，展示出嫻熟的創(chuàng)作技巧。建筑物在南側(cè)與北側(cè)采取了不同的造型語匯，南側(cè)采用了大面積的竹片格柵遮陽，北側(cè)則盡可能的開敞。廢舊輪胎的靈活使用，為這棟小建筑增加了趣味。蹲便器的外圍地面，以及外墻上的簡易小便斗，都利用廢舊輪胎改造而來。利用廢舊工業(yè)化產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行建造，可以有效地降低建筑物的造價；進(jìn)一步賦予其地方性特質(zhì)，則是建筑師的魔法。

唐勇：港灣浴室主要空間結(jié)構(gòu)在于北面洗浴區(qū)與南面傾斜竹架的空間圍合，形成虛實(shí)界面的重疊，內(nèi)部地面使用的多層石料、大縫木板是快速排水的一種辦法，也是鄉(xiāng)村貧困地區(qū)低技低造價建設(shè)策略的一種有效表達(dá)。但不知道其排污方式是如何處理的？

Comments

LU Jiansong: Although just 60m2, every detail of the building is designed with humanity. The architects show skillful creative skills through the flexible handling of complex relationships between climate, form and function. The building adopts different vocabulary on the south and north sides of the building. The south side adopts a large area of bamboo grille shade, and the north side is as open as possible. The flexible use of used tires adds to the fun of this small building. The floor around the squatting pan and the simple urinal on the outer wall are all remodeled from used tires. The construction of waste industrialised products can effectively reduce the cost of buildings; but how to make it with regionalism characteristics is on the architect's magic.

TANG Yong: The Safe Haven Bathhouse is comprised of two main spaces: the washing and bathing area to the north and the enclosed area to the south, featuring a tilted bamboo fa?ade. This spatial arrangement formed an overlapping of solid and void interfaces.The internal flooring uses multiple layers of gravels and wood decking to achieve fast drainage - a typical cost-efficient construction solution in the rural area. However, questions are raised regarding to the building's sewage treatment. (Translated by Jue Chen)

8 通風(fēng)的洗澡空間具有私密感/Airy space for bathing with a privatised feeling （攝影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）

9 浴室也用來洗衣服，地板很容易排水和清潔/The bathing area is also used for washing clothes. The floor is easily drained and cleaned （攝影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）

10 洗澡的露比（3歲）喜歡不同高度的水箱，容易觸及，容易得到樂趣/Bathing Ruby (3 yrs) is happy with the different heights of the water tanks. Easy to reach, easy to have fun with（攝影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）

11 塔薩尼在給露比洗澡/Ruby gets a bath from Tasanee （攝影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）