Qihe YANG

School of Life Science, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China

Abstract Pomelo industry is one of the mainstay industries with most unique regional characteristics in Meizhou City, South China. This paper analyzed the status, development advantages and problems of pomelo industry and discussed on brand-based industry transformation and updating in order to provide references for expanding and strengthening pomelo industry. Meizhou City is the second largest prefecture-level city of pomelo production in China, where the cultivating area is up to 40 000 ha and the yield is over 900 000 t. With the expansion of industry scale, there were bottlenecks of pomelo industry in Meizhou City including industrial restructuring and upgrading. The paper analyzed the development status and existing problems of pomelo industry based on investigation and survey. Some corresponding strategies were also proposed for pomelo industry in Meizhou City.

Key words Pomelo fruit industry, Development status, Meizhou city

1 Introduction

Pomelo (Citrusgrandis) is a fruit tree of the family Rutaceae. The high-quality pomelo fruit is sweet and sour, cool, rich in nutrition, high in edible value, and is recognized as one of the most therapeutic fruits. Pomelo fruit is globose, oblate, pear-shaped or broadly pyramidal, usually more than 200 seeds, and also seedless, irregularly shaped, usually oblong; cotyledons milky white, monoembryo. Its flowering period is April-May, and fruit period is 9-12 months. In China, it is mainly cultivated in the south of the Yangtze River, the northernmost limited to Xinyang and Nanyang, Henan Province, and widely cultivated in Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Taiwan of China and other subtropical, tropical areas[1-3].

2 General situation of development of pomelo industry at home and abroad

2.1 Development of international grapefruit industryPomelo is mainly distributed in the subtropical regions of the northern and southern hemispheres. At present, Asia is the main producing area, its output is about 6 million t and accounted for 60% of the world, the Americas accounted for 26.62%, Africa for 15.28%, Europe for 0.91% and Oceania for 0.25%. In the Northern Hemisphere, the countries cultivating pomelo include China, the United States, Cuba, Japan and Mexico, accounting for 85% of the world’s total output. In 2006, the world’s output of pomelo fruit was 4 523 000 t, the export volume was 75 000 t, and the processing volume was 890 000 t. In the Southern Hemisphere, the countries cultivating pomelo include Argentina, Brazil, South Africa. In Mediterranean region, these countries include Greece, Italy, Spain, Israel, Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Turkey and Tunisia. Globally, the main countries producing pomelo fruit are China, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, India, Philippines and Japan[1-2]. The cultivated area and yield of China are the first in the world. The broad sense of pomelo fruit also includes grapefruit, but the narrow sense is pomelo. Grapefruit (Citrusparadisi) is the dominant species in the United States, Israel and other countries, while pomelo is the dominant species in China, Thailand and Vietnam (Fig.1). There are over 200 pomelo varieties, including Shatian pomelo, Guanxi honey pomelo, Pingshan pomelo, Wendan pomelo and so on. But the grapefruit is cultivated on a very small scale in China, with sporadic cultivation in Sichuan, Chongqing, Guangdong and other provinces. At present, the market of pomelo is mostly based on the consumption of fresh fruit and canned products, and the canned products are mainly exported in the form of fruit juice.

Fig.1 Proportion of pummelo production in different countries and regions

2.2 Output and trade of grapefruit in ChinaThe cultivation history of pomelo has been more than 3 000 years in China. Pomelo is one of the main fruits in Southern China, which distributes in Fujian, Guangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang and Hunan Province. At present, the cultivation area of pomelo is about 0.3 million ha, and the total output is about 4.5 million t. The city with the largest production scale is Zhangzhou, Fujian Province; the next is Meizhou, Guangdong Province, with a cultivation area of 40 000 ha and yield of 900 000 t[1].

Among Chinese pomelo varieties, Shatianyou (name of variety), Guanxi Miyou, Pingshan, Tianjiang and other famous pomelo variety products are well-known at home and abroad. According to statistics, in 2011, the planting area of Shatianyou in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Sichuan, Jiangxi and other provinces was about 110 000 ha, and the yield was about 600 000 t. According to the main cultivating varieties and regional climate, the production areas can be divided into three major production types: Southeast region (Fujian, Zhejiang, Taiwan of China), mainly Huyou and Sijiyou; South China region (Guangdong, Guangxi), mainly Miyou (Guanxi Miyou, red-meat Miyou, Sanhong Miyou), Shatianyou (including Meizhou Jinyou, which is a strain of Shatianyou); Southwest region (Sichuan, Chongqing, Hunan and Guizhou), mainly Tongxianyou, Dianjiangyou, Pingshanyou. By 2016, more than 10 provinces in China have cultivated pomelo on a large scale, with 13 major counties, including Guanxi Miyou in Pinghe county, Fujian Province, Shatianyou in Mei County, Guangdong Province, Pingle and Rong County, Guangxi Province, and Yuhuanyou and Cangnan Siyiyou in Zhejiang Province[3-5]. With the continuous expansion of the industry, pomelo fruit went out of the country. The output of pomelo fruit in China in 2 000 was 268 000 t, the import value was US $7 800, and the export value was US $609; in 2007, the output rose to 541 000 t, the export reached 85 000 t and its value was US $50 060, and the imports fell to 9 300 t and its value fell to US $6 600. The annual output of pomelo increases, the import amount and value of pomelo decreases slowly, the export volume shows a steady and rising trend, and the export value also increases steadily year by year. There are a trend in the development of world pomelo industry: in terms of production, the global industry generally has steadily increased, especially in recent years, China, Vietnam, Asian countries such as China, Vietnam, Thailand, India and other countries have greatly increased, and this trend is expected to continue for a long time, while American countries such as the United States and Argentina are shrinking. From the point of view of international trade, pomelo fruit demand will increase year by year.

However, through the analysis of the situation in 2008, it is found that although the area and total output of pomelo in China are increasing, the price of this fruit is relatively low, the market demand is weak, and the contradiction between supply and demand is aggravating. The enthusiasm of cultivation, sales, industry production and management has been hit to varying degrees. How to get out of the predicament of pomelo industry has become a topic of common concern. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the current situation of Chinese pomelo industry and draw up the development direction and countermeasures for the future Chinese pomelo industry[6-7]. It is of great significance to promote the industrialization level of pomelo in China.

Note: According to FAO, the world’s grapefruit grew steadily from 1961 to 2014, with a total area of 321 100 ha and an annual output of 8.397 6 million t in 2014. The average annual growth rate of cultivated area and yield was 2.16% and 2.54% respectively.

Fig.2 Global pummelo area and yield from 1961 to 2014

3 History and present situation of teak development in Meizhou

3.1 A Survey of geography and climate in Meizhou City

Meizhou is located in the northeast of Guangdong (115°18′-116°56′ E, 23°23′-24°56′ N), and belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate, which is the transition zone of the subtropical and middle subtropical climate zone, with mild climate, abundant sunlight and rainfall, and relatively fertile soil. The mountainous area accounts for 24.3% of the total area of whole city; the area of hill, platform and terrace accounts for 56.6%, and that of the plain is 13.7%, and the area of waters such as river and reservoir accounts for only 5.4%, so there is a saying of "eight mountains, one river, one field". The annual average temperature is 21.9℃, annual average relative humidity is 78%, annual frost-free period is over 300 d, average sunshine time is about 2 000 h, and average rainfall day is about 150 d. The annual average rainfall is over 1 483.4-1 798.4 mm,75% of which is concentrated in April-Septemper, and is beneficial to the growth and fruit development of pomelo trees[3-4]. Most of the soils are red loam, and their pH is 4.5-6.8. Soil temperature, water content and pH are all suitable for the growth and development of pomelo trees. Through the analysis of climate, soil and other factors, it is found that most areas of Meizhou City are suitable for grapefruit cultivation (Table 1).

The pomelo varieties cultivated in Meizhou are mainly Meizhou Jinyou, Miyou, and other varieties such as Shuijingyou, plum-flower Zaoyou, Sijiyou, Kekouyou. In recent years, Xiyou (Citrusparadisi), Juyou,etc. have introduced in some orchards. The total area of pomelo is 40 000 ha, the area of Miyou is 21 333.3 ha, the yield is about 500 000 t, the area of Jinyou is 280 000 ha, the yield is about 400 000 t[7-8]. During the mature period of Jinyou fruits, there is enough sunshine, less rain and relatively great temperature difference. From the beginning of October to the first 10-day period of November, the sunshine time of more than 40 d is 234.4 h, the rainfall is 43.8 mm, the average temperature difference between day and night is 9.8℃, and the maximum temperature difference is 17.8℃, which is very favorable for fruit development and saccharification. Meizhou has a picturesque scenery with pollution-free water, soil and air, which is suitable for the development of pollution-free agricultural products, green and organic food. Among them, Jinyou fruit is shaped like a pear, the bottom of the fruit has the ring of "ancient copper money printing", the color of peel is golden yellow, the flesh is crystal clear, balmy, crisp and tender without residue, sweet as honey, and has the reputation of "king of pomelo", in addition, Meizhou is located in the Se-rich zone. Relevant survey data show that the Se-rich soil area of 8 280 km2accounts for 52.4% of the total land area of the city, and the average Se content of the soil reaches 0.7 mg/kg, 75% higher than the national standard, and the pomelo fruit is also a Se-rich agricultural product and loved by consumers at home and abroad.

Table 1 Regionalization of areas in Meizhou suitable for planting pummelo

ItemMost suitable area IMore suitable area II aSuitable area II aUnsuitable areaAnnual average temperature∥℃20.5-21.3>21.320-21.3<19.0Average daily sunshine duration in May-October∥hAbout 6.56.0-6.5About 6.0<5.5Daily average temperature range in May-October∥℃>9.5<8.08.0-9.5Above sea level∥m50-150<100100-300>300Main zoneMeijiang, Chengjiang, Bencun, Yanyang allu-vial plain and nearby low hilly areas, Cheng-dong, Baidu and other hilly areas in Mei County.Tangkeng, Tangnan and other plain areas in Feng-shun County; the river-valley plain area of and nearby low hilly areas along the Han River in Dapu CountyMost of the other hilly ar-eas of Meizhou CityBaxiang in Fengshun County; Yan-shang, Yingya in Dapu County; Bachi, Renju and other parts in the northern region in Pingyuan Coun-ty; Jiaoling County; Jingyi and Meinan and other parts in Mei County

Note: Cited by Li HH and Wu ZW (2000)[4].

3.2 Development history of pomelo industryJinyou has a long history and been introduced and cultivated since 1911 in Meizhou. After the founding of the people’s Republic of China, the government attached great importance to the development of pomelo cultivation industry. After the first working conference on mountain areas in Guangdong Province in 1985, the municipal government put forward the development strategy of "hoping to be in the mountains", and extensively mobilized farmers to make full use of the advantages of mountain slopes and to develop pomelo cultivation (mainly Shatianyou) in a planned and organized manner. In order to better open up the domestic and foreign markets, Meizhou officially established the name of Shatianyou as "Meizhou Jinyou" in 1992. In 1995, Mei County was awarded the "Township of China Golden Pomelo" by the Organizing Committee of 100 Chinese specialties. However, due to the lack of attention to quality and brand building and other reasons, the development of Meizhou Jinyou experienced a low tide from 2000 to 2005, the price continued to decline, and the products were not marketable. In 2006, Meizhou Jinyou passed the national geographical indication product protection certification, and was paid close attention to the quality management and brand construction. The Jinyou regained its rise and gradually moved to a benign cycle development track, in 2012 Dapu County was again named "the hometown of China’s honey pomelo"[3-7]. Since then, the pomelo industry in Meizhou gradually realized from scattered cultivation planting to large-scale, commercialized, industrial development leapfrogging.

3.3 Production scale and distribution of pomelo industryJinyou is the main local cultivated variety. The pomelo cultivation area have covered more than 60 villages and towns in Meizhou City. According to statistics, in 2008, the cultivated area of pomelo was 15 333 ha, with an annual yield of 234 000 t and an output value of 374 million yuan in Meizhou. Export countries include the Netherlands, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Ukraine, Lithuania, Britain and other 14 countries. In 2010, the total area of pomelo cultivation in the city reached 27 100 ha, and the yield was 507 300 t, among which, the cultivation area of Jinyou reached 16 600 ha, and the yield was 298 000 t, then increased year by year. By 2018, the total area of pomelo cultivation exceeded 40 000 ha, and the yield exceeded 900 000 t, of which the Jinyou yield was about 500 000 t (Table 2), making it the world’s largest production base for Shatianyou[3-4]. Preliminary statistics show that the output value of teak fruit was about 2 billion yuan in 2013, compared with over 1 billion yuan in 2017, and the output value of the first industry in 2018 was 35 billion yuan.

Table 2 Cultivated area and yield of Meizhou Jinyou from 2010 to 2018

YearCultivated area∥×104 haFull production capacity∥×104 t20102.7150.7320112.8655.1820122.9660.7920133.2869.0620143.6272.9120153.7879.1520163.8486.6420173.9189.9220184.0090.00

Note: Data fromMeizhouStatisticalYearbook.

3.4 Development of industrialization organizationIn recent years, the pomelo enterprises in Meizhou have grown rapidly, which strongly promoted the development of local pomelo industry. Through the operation mode of "industry associations+leading enterprises+cooperatives+family farm+households", a pyramid type of industrial management is formed. In 2013, The agricultural bureau of Meizhou forcefully rectified, selected the advanced, set up Meizhou Jinyou Association, the association has over 160 legal person members, covering the city’s key pomelo agricultural leading enterprises, cooperatives, family farms,etc. Meizhou Jinyou Association led by the output of pomelo accounted for over half of the output of pomelo in the city and drove over 60% of the surrounding pomelo farmers. There are 86 key agricultural leading enterprises above municipal level, 14 national model co-operative cooperatives and 34 provincial model co-operative cooperatives. By 2018, there were 478 pomelo operators in Meizhou (133 leading enterprises, 134 cooperatives and 211 family farms by industry scale; 411 in cultivating, 46 in circulation and 21 in processing by industry chain). Through the organization of training courses, lectures, publication of materials and other forms, these fruit industrialization organizations actively carry out technical training and exchange, provide technical and information advisory services, and improve the technical level and market awareness of pomelo farmers. In accordance with market demand, actively standardizing the production of agricultural products, implementing brand management strategies, conscientiously grasping the sales of products, and carrying out "unified production means, unified production standards, unified technical guidance, and unified brand sales", a pattern of small-scale production and large-scale management, and jointly responded to the market have been basically formed[7-8]. The means of production have changed from piecemeal to bulk purchases, and the sales of products have changed from scattered to bulk sales, thus reducing intermediate links and costs, and enhancing the ability to deal with market risks and obtain better economic benefits.

Fig.3 Yield of pomelo fruit in counties and districts of Meizhou City

3.5 Brand construction and sales networkIn recent years, Meizhou has taken the market as a guide, organization as a starting point, and brand as a breakthrough, and vigorously promoted variety improvement, structural optimization, quality improvement, and industrial transformation and upgrading to establish a modern agricultural industry system based on quality. Meizhou Jinyou was named as quality fruit by the Central Ministry of Agriculture in 1987, excellent and rare fruit in Guangdong Province in 1988, Green Food by the Central Ministry of Agriculture in 1990, and awarded Golden Prize at the 7th Five-year Plan Spark Exhibition in 1991, also named brand-name products at the 3rd China Agriculture Expo in 1997. Since 2015, Meizhou Jinyou and Dapu Miyou have been successively identified as national geographical indication protection products, and have successively cultivated Muzi, Shunxing, Jiafeng, Longwei, Meiling, Jinyoulai, Liyuan, Songfeng, Jiazhen,etc., more than 10 famous brands of Jinyou, of which Muzi and Shunxing were named famous brand products in Guangdong. In 2017, Dapu Miyou was also selected as the "Central Europe 100+100" geographical indication products of mutual recognition and protection. Mei County, the main producing area of Jinyou in Meizhou, was listed by the Ministry of Agriculture as "6 666.7 ha Jinyou commodity production base" in 1986, and named "Township of China’s Golden Pomelo" by the Organizing Committee of the first hundred Chinese specialty townships in 1994. In 1999, the "13 333.3 ha of high-quality Jinyou industrialization construction" project was implemented. There are 19 enterprises in the city that have passed the certification of pollution-free agricultural products. There are 19 enterprises, 4 green food certification and 4 organic food certification through pollution-free agricultural products certification of pomelo fruit in the whole city. Meizhou Jinyou has been awarded the title of "Chinese Famous Fruit" by the China Fruit Circulation Association seven times in the national pomelo fruit evaluation. It has been recognized as a famous brand product at the 3rd China Agriculture Expo and 1999 China International Agricultural Expo. Currently, Meizhou’s pomelo fruit circulation has over 120 households (annual sales of over 50 t), sales outlets throughout more than 40 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai and others in Hunan, Hubei and Sichuan provinces.

From 2006 to 2010, the export volume and value of pomelo fruit increased year by year (Table 3). The city has 27 export registered pomelo garden and 16 registered processing plants. Exports have also expanded from several Southeast Asian countries in 2006 to 20 countries and regions including Romania, Lithuania, the United Arab Emirates, the Netherlands, Belgium, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Ukraine, the United States, Canada and Russia. After 2010, the pomelo fruit industry in Meizhou mainly starts with the improvement of pomelo fruit quality, focusing on variety improvement and pomelo orchard improvement. Although the speed of seed expansion slows down, the ability of export earning foreign exchange improves rapidly.

Table 3 Cultivating area and export output of Meizhou Pomelo from 2006 to 2010

YearExport volume∥tExport value∥×104 dollars20061 788.855.020072 023.0115.020088 478.0772.0200914 312.01 512.0201015 000.014 000.0

Note: Data from http:∥news.gd.sina.com.cn/news/2010/12/01/1059337.html.

3.6 Development of deep processingPomelo fruit is rich in polysaccharides, proteins, organic acids, vitamins and essential mineral elements such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, sodium and other mineral elements, suitable for deep processing. Among them, the fruit meat can be further processed and developed juice, wine, honey sauce, jelly, drinks, the peel can be further processed to develop pomelo peel sugar, adsorbent, tablet, essence, peel pectin, skin care products,etc., and the kernel can extract flavonoids, and processed into livestock and poultry feed. At present, through strengthening the scientific and technological cooperation with scientific research institutes, the leading enterprises of agricultural products processing are the main body to further develop the further processing of pomelo fruit in Meizhou City. The existing deep processing enterprises include Lingnan Yubao Industrial Co., Ltd., Meizhou Jiafeng Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Jiazhun Jinyou Food Factory, Xinghong Development Co., Ltd and so on, with dozens of products, such as pomelo peel sugar, wine, juice, honey sauce, tablet, adsorbent, jelly,etc.[8], which are very popular with the consumers in the market.

4 Analysis on the development advantage of pomelo industry in Meizhou City

4.1 Ecological aspectIn Meizhou, the mountain area is 1 218 000 ha, among which suitable for cultivating fruit trees is 253 300 ha. Meizhou is the 5th National Cultural and Ecological Reserve, the national Ecological Civilization Advance Demonstration Plot, and the important drinking water conservation area in the north part of eastern Guangdong Province. There is thousands of square kilometers of Se-rich zones, and nearly 10 000 km2has been named "the Home of China’s Longevity". The precondition of agricultural production such as light, temperature, water, gas, soil and so on is excellent, and the air reaches the national first-class standard. It is the best production base of high-end agricultural by-products in Guangdong Province and even in South China. Unique climate, soil environment is very conducive to the growth and fruit development of pomelo trees, resulting in the unique quality of Meizhou Jinyou.

4.2 Variety aspectIn recent years, the germplasm resource bank and the mother garden of excellent varieties have been established, new varieties with high quality, high yield, disease resistance and suitable cultivating were selected by the technical route of "collection of germplasm resources, protection and cultivation, excavating excellent gene, breeding and popularization", and the breeding base of virus-free seedlings was established. The research and popularization of virus-free seedlings were actively carried out, the control of citrus Huanglong disease was strengthened, and virus-free seedlings were widely planted[4-5]. At present, Meizhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences has the largest area of Guangdong Province (3 200 m2), the most complete equipment and facilities for citrus virus-free breeding base, and is expected to produce more than 100 000 high-quality seedlings per year, which can meet the needs of pomelo industry development in Meizhou and surrounding areas, and ensure the production safety and sustainable and healthy development of pomelo industry.

4.3 Scale aspectIn Meizho, pomelo, especially Jinyou, has the largest major area of fruits production, its processing zone and production area has covered more than 60 towns, which has formed standardization, industrialization, brand, base localization, and the cultivating area and yield develop in an increasing manner every year. By the end of 2014, the cultivating area of Jinyou reached 33 200 ha, the yield reached 729 100 t and the output value was nearly 3.4 billion yuan. The pomelo cultivating area from sporadic to nearly 40 000 ha, bringing the number of employees to 700 000. It is reported that in recent years, the Jinyou industry in Meizhou through brand building to achieve a qualitative leap, the output value of Jinyou was about 10 billion yuan in 2017, while the output was over 1 million t, and the output value of the primary industry reached 3.5 billion yuan.

4.4 Policy aspectIn Meizhou, a series of relevant policies were formulated to encourage and support the development of pomelo industry. Since 2007, a special fund for the development of modern agriculture has been set up, and it has increased year by year. In order to solve the problem of the loan difficulty of the farmers and agricultural products processing enterprises, the local government departments have set up interest-discount funds to support the development of leading agricultural enterprises, and explored the establishment and improvement of various forms of guarantee mechanism. The policy agricultural insurance plan (trial) of Meizhou City was introduced in 2010, and the production risk guarantee system of the planting industry which is suitable for the characteristics of Meizhou is gradually established; in 2011, it has been established for five consecutive years, the special funds of 30 million yuan each year are used to support the development of fine and efficient agriculture, and the focus is on the production construction of industrial base, support and reward of leading enterprises, establishment of agricultural brand, construction of circulation system, investment in agricultural science and technology, development of agricultural mechanization,etc[6-8]. Each county (including county-level city) has issued the modern agriculture support policy accordingly, striving to provide the most favorable policy and the best quality service.

5 Main problems of pomelo industry in Meizhou City

Generally speaking, the industrial structure of pomelo fruit in Meizhou is unbalanced at present. Variety improvement, seedling breeding, fresh fruit production, fruit processing, logistics sales and other links of development disjointed, especially the weak processing capacity, processing products facing small consumer group, resulting in imbalance in the upstream and downstream production links. The details are as follows:

5.1 Optimization selection of pomelo varietiesThe quality of varieties is often impure, and the good and inferior are intermingled. Some varieties are easy to crack fruit, the resistance is poor, the characters are separated greatly, and the structure of production variety and mature period is not reasonable. There is a small proportion of mid and high-end products and poor quality guarantee, even there is a small proportion of high-quality products which do not reflect high-quality price. There are fewer varieties, and the main varieties are Jinyou and Miyou, accounting for nearly 90% of the total, more than 80% of them are fresh food varieties. There is a lack of good varieties which can be updated and suitable for processing, and the variety diversity is neglected in the propagation of seedlings[3-5]. Most of the present varieties are middle and late maturing type, so the market supply cycle is short. Market competition is increasing, the cultivating area of Pinghe Miyou in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province has reached 50 000 ha, but the Miyou in Hainan, Yunnan Province mature earlier and enter the market earlier. Meizhou Jinyou is a high-end product, but the quality stability is weak, at the same time, the national reputation is not high enough, and the market sale also lacks the strong continuous promotion of the big platform.

5.2 Backward management of cultivation techniquesIn recent years, the cultivating area of pomelo continued to expand in Meizhou city, but the adaptability of varieties, quality of seedlings, soil improvement of orchard, management of fertilizer and water and disease resistance at seedling stage, the construction of standard base and the rationalization of individual-age structure were neglected in the area. The area is too large and the yield per unit is too low. The total area of pomelo was 230 000 ha in 2008, accounting for 11.5% of the total area citrus trees, with an average of 10 789.5 kg/ha, which was lower than the national average level of 11 479.5 kg/ha. The pomelo cultivation was scattered, and some of it were planted in sub-suitable areas. Compared with the national average, the yield of pomelo in Mei County of Meizhou is higher than that of the whole country, which is 20 730 kg/ha, is almost half below the average 37.5 t/ha of American grapefruit (a hybrid of pomelo and orange)[3-5]. The common infrastructure of pomelo orchards is poor, the output of over half of them depend on the weather, and drought and floods occur frequently in recent years, so the existing infrastructure is difficult to resist.

5.3 Fruit packaging, transportation, storage and processing techniques are still in their infancyIn order to improve economic efficiency, necessary packaging treatment must be carried out before going to market, such as washing fruit, anticorrosion, waxing and packaging, but at present the regulation on standardization of fruit packaging grade has not been implemented, and the market of pomelo grade packaging is chaotic. The premium fruit is sold at a low price and is heavily damaged in the course of transportation. The lack of storage land and the serious shortage of storage facilities have reduced the ability of enterprises to supply goods continuously, lack of market pricing discourse, imperfect professional wholesale market, and non-fixed distribution center for product circulation have all restricted the transformation and upgrading of the pomelo industry in Meizhou. In addition, if a large number of fresh fruits are not sold in time, the current storage methods and techniques can not achieve a better preservation effect. Therefore, the processing technology of fresh fruits should be developed rapidly to ensure the economic benefits of pomelo fruit products, improve the added value of products and expand the market space. At present, the main market for pomelo fruit sales of Meizhou is still mainly in Guangdong and neighboring provinces, and the share of market outside the province is not high, not to mention the foreign market. The pomelo industry is not mature enough in advanced processing technology, limited to the lack of technology, equipment and funds, and it is still in its infancy in the advanced technology involving high-efficiency concentrated juice, essential oil, health beverage, and so on[7-8]. The standardization level is not high, and the development of high-efficiency products is weak. The product development should develop to the popular direction and cater to the mass market. The construction of agricultural product information network lags behind, awareness of remote sales for farmers and enterprises making use of commerce and other multimedia is not strong, the selling method is simple, lacking strategy of physical and e-commerce differentiation marketing, so it is failed to achieve the maximum economic benefits of the product.

6 Countermeasures and methods for the development of grapefruit industry in Meizhou

In order to realize the transformation of Meizhou from a large traditional agricultural city to a strong modern agricultural city as the overall goal, it should adhere to the drive of innovation, make use of the advantages of existing resources, and vigorously develop the commercialization and intensive processing of pomelo fruit with the idea of industrialization, leading the pomelo industry from production and management to the Jinyou brand transformation and upgrading.

6.1 Optimizing the structure and breeding system of pomelo varietiesThe specific measures were implemented, including strengthening the research on the development of improved varieties of pomelo, continuously purifying and improving the varieties, selecting excellent strains, adjusting and optimizing the structure of early, middle and late maturing varieties, prolonging the supply period of fresh fruit, selecting dwarf type and resisting root-stock of resistant varieties, constructing the breeding system of fine varieties and non-toxic seedlings to provide sufficient high-quality varieties and non-toxic seedlings to cut off the source of virus diseases such as Huanglong disease, decay disease,etc. It is necessary to give full play to the advantages, adhere to the principle of suitable land and varieties, actively cultivate and develop Oran pomelo, Citrus grapefruit and other suitable processing, and have international market competitiveness of new grapefruit industry and new varieties of high-quality fresh food.

6.2 Cultivating and strengthening the main body of operationAt present, the strength of management main body in Meizhou is weak, lacking large-scale leading enterprises with great influence. Although there are 86 leading enterprises in provinces and cities, but there are no more than 100 billion yuan of enterprises[6-8]. The urgent task is to cultivate the leading industrial enterprises and professional cooperative organizations, integrate the resources of pomelo industry, establish the industry self-discipline system, guide and organize the establishment of a consortium of pomelo industrialization, that is the pyramid "vertical management system" of traceability production, quality control and training of "industry association (cooperative association)+leading enterprises+cooperatives+professional large-scale households+ordinary peasant households", and integrate the organizations and management of "horizontal cooperation system" platform of the government, scientific research institutes, enterprises, cooperatives, farmers, terminal supermarkets, financial and credit, China Mobile and other multi-resource to promote industrial transformation and upgrading and achieve sustainable development.

6.3 Developing domestic and foreign trade marketsAt present, the domestic and foreign markets are basically consumption of fresh pomelo fruit, and the variety is Meizhou Jinyou. In the domestic and foreign markets where green food and pollution-free food have advantages, the domestic orchards should carry out standardized cultivation, pollution-free production and standardized management, so that the quality and safety of pomelo production can be monitored throughout the process. It lays a solid foundation for increasing the export of pomelo fruit. In order to expand the market of the fruit at home and abroad, an integrated management mode of "planting-processing-storing-selling" was formed to promote good agricultural practice (GAP).

6.4 Developing processing industry of pomelo fruitPomelo fruit is rich in nutrition and is an important raw material for food, medicine and chemical industry. First, fresh pomelo flesh can be made into juice and drink: such as fruit tea, jam, concentrated juice,etc., then can be made into preserved fruit series, such as preserved fruit, soft sugar, and jelly. Peel can be processed candy and dried tangerine (a traditional Chinese medicine) and also extracted pectin, essential oil, a new sweetener 2-hydrochalcone and other pharmaceutical and industrial products[7-8]. Deepening the development and utilization is an effective way to solve the problem of large yield and difficult marketing of these fruits. With the sharp increase in the output of pomelo fruit, the present market sales can only deal with some fresh pomelo fruits. Therefore, the full development of the fruit processing industry is an effective way to solve the market unmarketable problem of most fresh fruits, and it can also promote the initiative of pomelo growers.

6.5 Strengthening the construction of agricultural product market systemIt is urgent to vigorously develop cross-border e-commerce, make full use of "big data" to open up overseas pomelo market, speed up agricultural informatization, digitization, intelligent construction, with the strict control of information technology to achieve the effective improvement of the fruit quality. It should pay attention to the integration of "tertiary industry", extend the industrial chain such as creative agriculture, eco-tourism and so on with "pomelo fruit" as the medium, and further promote consumption to make farmers rich. The electric business platform should be established through promoting the construction of transformation and storage, processing and logistics facilities in the leading agricultural enterprises, and actively perfecting the circulation network. It is necessary to strengthen the marketing and promotion of the products, actively organize the enterprises to participate in various exhibition and marketing promotion activities, organize the Jinyou special publicity and promotion conference, support large-scale chain supermarkets and agricultural products circulation enterprises to carry out agricultural and super-docking, and exchange cooperation with Alibaba in line-on-line.