建筑設(shè)計(jì)：天友建筑設(shè)計(jì)股份有限公司

1 東北向的垂直綠化遮陽(yáng)與西北向的聚碳酸酯遮陽(yáng)/Northeast vertical greening shading and northwest polycarbonate shading

2 總平面圖/Site plan

天友綠色設(shè)計(jì)中心是一座既有建筑綠色化改造的項(xiàng)目。作為以綠色設(shè)計(jì)為特色的設(shè)計(jì)企業(yè)辦公樓，方案之初就確定了超低能耗低成本改造的目標(biāo)，而建成后的運(yùn)營(yíng)數(shù)據(jù)也以40kwh/m2·a的總能耗、19.6kwh/m2·a的空調(diào)采暖能耗實(shí)現(xiàn)了超低能耗，而6.4kwh/m2·a的超低制冷能耗其中就有遮陽(yáng)技術(shù)的功勞。

建筑立面生成原則是以最基本的節(jié)能策略應(yīng)對(duì)不同朝向的氣候特點(diǎn)，再結(jié)合原有多層廠房簡(jiǎn)潔的方盒子體量，圍護(hù)體系以加法原則增加一層表皮就成為合理之選。在原有墻體和外窗的保溫改善之外，這層表皮在不同朝向提供了圍護(hù)體系的遮陽(yáng)功能。

偏東和偏西的朝向以垂直綠化作為遮陽(yáng)。針對(duì)天津的寒冷氣候，開(kāi)發(fā)出一種藝術(shù)化分層拉絲形式，每個(gè)模塊以層為限，種植纏繞型植物，可以迅速長(zhǎng)滿。同時(shí)拉絲扭轉(zhuǎn)為直紋曲面，植物也沿著拉絲長(zhǎng)成藝術(shù)化的造型。夏季綠葉提供遮陽(yáng)，冬季葉子凋零不影響陽(yáng)光，還提供了季節(jié)變化的風(fēng)景。垂直綠化設(shè)置了滴灌系統(tǒng)，同時(shí)造價(jià)僅為常規(guī)垂直綠化的1/5。

南偏東的朝向首先增加了窗的面積，為冬季提供更多的太陽(yáng)輻射，夏季就需要外遮陽(yáng)阻擋輻射熱，因此選擇了可完全收放的電動(dòng)外遮陽(yáng)簾。鋁合金的外遮陽(yáng)簾置于鋼格柵的外沿，與窗間墻處的聚碳酸酯板和后面的垂直綠化共同形成豐富變化的南向遮陽(yáng)表皮。

北偏西的朝向，雖然僅僅偏西32o，夏季15∶00左右陽(yáng)光也會(huì)照到這個(gè)沿街的主入口立面。設(shè)計(jì)沿水平的鋼格柵隨機(jī)設(shè)置了聚碳酸酯板，在形成活躍立面構(gòu)圖的同時(shí)，夏季可以遮陽(yáng)，冬季可以阻風(fēng)。

建成使用的幾年中，垂直綠化越來(lái)越茂盛，天友綠色設(shè)計(jì)中心也收獲了包括亞洲建協(xié)可持續(xù)建筑金獎(jiǎng)、全國(guó)綠色建筑創(chuàng)新獎(jiǎng)一等獎(jiǎng)等綠色建筑獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。

3 西北側(cè)立面/Fa?ade at the northwest side

4 改造前與改造后的街景/Street view before and after renovation

Tenio Green Design Centre is a project for renovation of existing buildings in an environmental-friendly way. As a self-use office building featured with green design, the objective of ultra-low energy consumption and low cost transformation was determined at the beginning of the project. Upon completion, the operation data achieved the goal of ultra-low energy consumption with total energy consumption of 40kwh/m2.a and air-conditioner heating energy consumption of 19.6kwh/m2.a. In addition, its ultra-low refrigeration energy consumption of 6.4kwh/m2.a was achieved due to the sun shading technology.

The principle of generation of building fa?ades is to deal with the climate characteristics of different building orientations with the most basic energysaving strategy. Combined with the simple square box volume of the original multi-layered factory buildings, it is a reasonable choice to add a surface layer to the enclosure system under the principle of addition matrix. Besides the improvement of insulation of the original wall and window, this layer functions as shading for the envelope system from different building orientations.

Vertical greening is used as the sunshade in the East and West directions. In view of the cold climate in Tianjin, an artistic layered wiredrawing form is developed. Limited to layers, each module is suitable for fast growing winding plants.Meanwhile, the drawing wires can be twisted into a straight-patterned curved surface, which enables the plants to grow into artistic shapes along the wires. In summer, green leaves provide the shading,while in winter the withered leaves do not affect the sunshine, both of which provide the landscape with seasonal changes. Drip irrigation system is set up for vertical greening, with the cost only one fifth of that for conventional vertical greening.

The southeast orientation increases the area of the window to provide more solar radiation in winter. As the external shading is needed in summer to block the radiation heat, the retractable electric outer shade curtain is chosen. Made of aluminum alloyed, the outer shade curtain placed on the outer

5 草圖/Sketch

6 首層平面/Ground floor plan

7 三層平面/Second floor plan

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client：天友建筑設(shè)計(jì)股份有限公司

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: 任軍/REN Jun

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team：王重，丘地宏，楊曉珍，何青，張寶軍，劉冰，肖馳，許海峽/WANG Chong, QIU Dihong, YANG Xiaozhen, HE Qing, ZHANG Baojun, LIU Bing, XIAO Chi, XU Haixia

建筑面積/Floor Area: 5700m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Time: 2011.08-2012.02

施工時(shí)間/Construction Time: 2012.03-2013.03

造價(jià)/Cost: 18,000,000CNY

攝影/Photos: 賀之涵，任軍/HE Zhihan, REN Jun edge of steel grid forms rich variable southward shading skin along with polycarbonate board at the wall between windows and vertical greening behind.

The northwest direction, though with only 32 degrees westward, enables the sunlight to be cast to the main entrance fa?ade along the street at about 3 pm in summer. The polycarbonate panels are randomly designed along the horizontal steel grid,which can shade in summer and block the wind in winter while forming active fa?ade composition.

In the past few years of application upon completion of building, the vertical vegetation has become more and more flourishing. Tenio Green Design Centre also won several awards for green building, including Sustainable Construction Gold Award by Asian Construction Association and National Green Building Innovation Award.

8 剖面/Section

9 概念/Concept

10 西南側(cè)7月21日16:00垂直綠化效果及亮度照度模擬/Southwest vertical greening rendering with luminance

11 simulation and illumination simulation at 16:00 on 21 July東向的垂直綠化遮陽(yáng)立面/Vertical greening shading in the east fa?ade

13 東南側(cè)8月21日上午10:00金屬遮陽(yáng)簾效果及亮度照度模擬/Southeast metal sunshade rendering with luminance simulation and illumination simulation at 10:00 on 21 August

14 節(jié)點(diǎn)詳圖，西南向和東北向分層拉絲垂直綠化遮陽(yáng)/Detail: Layering wire drawing vertical greening sunshade in southwest and northeast

評(píng)論

張宇峰：既有建筑改造項(xiàng)目多因地制宜。本案例靈活采用擋板和爬藤植物，在原有建筑給定的4個(gè)非典型朝向立面，嘗試與太陽(yáng)產(chǎn)生不同的對(duì)話。西南立面因西曬而重要，設(shè)置的拉絲爬藤遮陽(yáng)，除冬夏隨植物生態(tài)而變外，上下寬、中間窄，在遮擋西向小高度角太陽(yáng)入射的同時(shí)，為采光和視野贏得了更多空間。東南立面處冬季日照的有利位置，雖然電控?fù)醢蹇墒湛煞?，但依?jù)冬夏太陽(yáng)高度角的變化設(shè)置固定水平遮陽(yáng)更具經(jīng)濟(jì)性。采用相同的遮陽(yáng)方式，西北立面的遮陽(yáng)排布比東南密，這似與西曬呼應(yīng)，但其實(shí)不必，因?yàn)殛?yáng)光實(shí)為大角度傾斜入射；而東北立面的爬藤與西南一致，這也不妥，因?yàn)榇嗣鏌o(wú)陽(yáng)光正射且上午斜射時(shí)的氣溫較低。

來(lái)自技術(shù)專家的點(diǎn)評(píng)

馮雅：建筑立面增加一層表皮形成了圍護(hù)體系的遮陽(yáng)功能，垂直綠化作為遮陽(yáng)豐富了建筑表皮的立面形式，在植物選擇上采用纏繞型植物更適宜于建筑所在氣候，夏季綠葉提供遮陽(yáng)，冬季葉子凋零陽(yáng)光入射有利于集熱。采用電動(dòng)外遮陽(yáng)簾為冬夏季不同的陽(yáng)光需求提供了保證，增加南偏東的朝向外窗面積為冬季提供更多的太陽(yáng)輻射，有利于被動(dòng)太陽(yáng)能的獲取。窗間墻和北偏西朝向的PC板與后面的垂直綠化共同形成豐富變化的遮陽(yáng)表皮，夏季可以遮陽(yáng)，冬季可以阻風(fēng)。利用建筑立面增加一層表皮和植被被動(dòng)蒸發(fā)冷卻與遮陽(yáng)必須有量化的計(jì)算與設(shè)計(jì)，稀疏的垂直綠化遮陽(yáng)僅僅起到景觀作用，希望注重遮陽(yáng)裝置的實(shí)際效果。

Comment

ZHANG Yufeng:Existing building renovation suited themselves to local conditions. This case attempts to talk with the sun differently on the 4 eccentrically orientated fa?ades given by the original building, by flexibly using baラes and climbing vines. The southwest fa?ade is important as the west sunshine. The setup wire-climbing vine shade, in addition to changing with the plant ecology in winter and summer, is wide up & down and narrow in the middle, providing more space for daylighting and vision while shielding the sunlight incident from the west with low elevations. The southeast fa?ade takes the favorable position of winter sunshine. Although the electronically controlled baラes can be retracted and released, it is more economic to set a fixed horizontal shade according to the variations of solar elevation in winter and summer. Using the same shading method, the more densely arranged shades on the northwest fa?ade than the southeast,likely responding to the western sunshine, are in fact not necessary due to the oblique incidence of sunshine with a large angle; while the same climbing vines on the northeast fa?ade as the southwest are not appropriate as well, because no direct sunshine on it and the temperature is lower for its morning oblique sunshine.

15 東南立面的活動(dòng)外遮陽(yáng)“開(kāi)啟”/Active outer shade at southeast fa?ade: open

16 氣候核心南向遮陽(yáng)/Climate core southward atrium

17 氣候核心南向中庭透視圖/Perspective view of climate core southward atrium

From technical expert

FENG Ya:The additional layer of skin on the architectural fa?ade functions as a shading element in the building envelope. The vertical greening as a sunshade method enriches the fa?ade form of the architectural skin. Entangled plants are selected to be more suitable for the climate of the building's location.In summer, vegetation leaves can shade the building;while in winter without leaves the sun can shine in and the heat can be collected.

The use of exterior solar panels guarantees the fulfillment of different sunlight requirements no matter in winter or in summer. The increase of southeast-facing fa?ade window areas provides more solar radiation in winter, which is beneficial to the acquisition of passive solar energy. The walls between windows, the northwest-facing polycarbonate panels,and the vertical greening behind it form a richly varied shading skin, which can shade the sun in summer and block the wind in winter.

There must be quantitative calculations and design when using additional fa?ade layer of architectural skin and vegetation for passive evaporative cooling and shading. If the vertical green for shading is sparse, it only can be a part of the landscape. I hope the actual effect of the shading equipment can well acknowledged. (Translated by CHEN Xi)