1. lack v. 缺乏，缺少

n. 缺乏，匱乏，短缺

Hes good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.

他善于工作，但似乎缺乏信心。

There is a certain lack of enthusiasm for these changes among the membership.

會(huì)員對(duì)這些變動(dòng)沒有多大熱情。

比較：lack和shortage的區(qū)別

lack指的是“完全沒有或部分缺少”，既表示具體概念，也表示抽象含義，如智力、知識(shí)、勇氣等；shortage指的是“短缺”，多就量而言。

lack for nothing 什么也不缺

be lacking in 缺少（lacking是形容詞）

for/through lack of 因缺少

no lack of 不缺少，足夠

2. advance adj. 預(yù)先的，在前的

No advance booking is necessary on most departures.

大多數(shù)起程票無(wú)須預(yù)訂。

advance n. 前進(jìn)；進(jìn)步，發(fā)展

（1） in advance 在前面；預(yù)先，事先

Its cheaper if you book the tickets in advance.

提前訂票要便宜一些。

（2） in advance of 在（時(shí)間或空間）之前

People were evacuated from the coastal regions in advance of the hurricane.

颶風(fēng)襲來(lái)之前，沿海地帶的人已經(jīng)撤離。

advance v. 預(yù)付；提前，提早

advanced adj. 先進(jìn)的；高級(jí)的，高等的

3. favour n. 恩惠，照顧

As a special favour， Ill let you stay up late tonight.

作為對(duì)你的特殊恩惠，我允許你今晚遲睡。

Do yourself a favour and wear a helmet on the bike.

要照顧好你自己，騎車要戴上頭盔。

do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 幫某人的忙

in favour of 贊同，支持；看中，選擇

in ones favour 以……為受益人

ask a favour of sb 請(qǐng)某人幫忙

4. reply n. 回答，答復(fù)，回信

v. 回答，答復(fù)；回應(yīng)，做出反應(yīng)

I asked her what her name was but she made no reply.

我問她叫什么名字，但她沒有回答。

The senator replied that he was not in a position to comment.

參議員回答說他不宜發(fā)表評(píng)論。

in reply to 作為對(duì)……的答復(fù)

reply to 回答，答復(fù)

比較：動(dòng)詞reply和answer的區(qū)別

reply為正式用語(yǔ)，多指經(jīng)過考慮的、有針對(duì)性的、詳細(xì)的回答，常用作不及物動(dòng)詞，和介詞to連用；answer為一般用語(yǔ)，既可用作及物動(dòng)詞，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，還可引申為“應(yīng)答”。

5. absence n. 缺乏，不存在

The case was dismissed in the absence of definite proof.

此案因缺乏確鑿證據(jù)而不予受理。

in the absence of 缺少

absence of mind 心不在焉

in ones absence 某人不在期間

absent adj. 缺席的，不在場(chǎng)的

be absent from 缺席

absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的

6. interrupt v. 打斷，插嘴

They were interrupted by a knock at the door.

他們被敲門聲打斷了。

Would you mind not interrupting all the time？

請(qǐng)你別老是插嘴好嗎？

interruption n. 打擾，插嘴，打岔

He ignored her interruptions.

他沒有理會(huì)她的打岔。

7. imagine v. 想象

（1） imagine + n. 想象，設(shè)想

The house was just as she had imagined it.

這房子正是她所想象的。

（2） imagine + that從句 胡亂猜想……；認(rèn)為……

Hes always imagining were talking about him behind his back.

他總是胡亂猜想我們?cè)诒澈笳f他的閑話。

I dont imagine that theyll refuse.

我認(rèn)為他們不會(huì)拒絕。

（3） imagine （sb） doing sth 想象（某人）做某事

Can you imagine George cooking the dinner？

你能想象喬治做飯嗎？

imagination n. 想象力，想象；幻想物；創(chuàng)造力

imaginative adj. 富于想象力的；創(chuàng)新的

imaginable adj. 想象得到的；可想象的

imaginary adj. 想象中的；幻想的；虛構(gòu)的

8. purpose n. 目的，用途

Our campaigns main purpose is to raise money.

我們這次活動(dòng)的主要目的就是募款。

The two are not the same and dont serve the same purpose.

兩者不是一回事，并且用途也不同。

on purpose 故意地

with/for the purpose of 為了……目的

to the purpose 中肯的（地），合適的（地）

9. apologise v. 道歉

apology n. 道歉；致歉

apologise for sth/doing sth 為……而道歉

We apologise for the late departure of this flight.

本次航班延誤離境，謹(jǐn)致歉意。

I apologised to her for stepping on her foot.

我因踩了她的腳而向她道歉。

Your allegations are completely untrue， and I demand an immediate apology.

你的說法完全不屬實(shí)，我要求立即道歉。

10. think of 想起，回憶起

I cant think of her name at the moment.

我一時(shí)想不起她的名字。

think better of 對(duì)……有更高的評(píng)價(jià)

think little of 不重視；認(rèn)為……沒價(jià)值

think nothing of 把……視為平常；不把……當(dāng)一回事；

覺得……無(wú)所謂

11. in addition 除此之外，另外

該短語(yǔ)為副詞性短語(yǔ)，作狀語(yǔ)，在句中位置靈活。在句中和句末時(shí)，一般用逗號(hào)隔開。

There is， in addition， one further point to make.

此外，還有一點(diǎn)要說。

In addition to English， he has to study a second foreign language.

除英語(yǔ)外，他還要學(xué)第二外語(yǔ)。

與in addition一樣都表示“除……之外（還）”的其他單詞或短語(yǔ)：besides，apart from，aside from。

12. find out 了解（到）；找出（信息）

We found out later that we had been at the same school.

后來(lái)我們才弄清楚我們是校友。

比較：find out，find和look for的區(qū)別

find out指通過觀察、探索發(fā)現(xiàn)事實(shí)的真相，調(diào)查出原因或發(fā)現(xiàn)秘密、錯(cuò)誤等；find多表示偶然性地找到；look for著重表示尋找的動(dòng)作。

I havent found anything out about him yet.

我還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)他的任何情況。

Weve found a great new restaurant near the office.

我們?cè)谵k公室附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一家很棒的新餐館。

Where have you been？ Weve been looking for you.

你上哪兒去了？我們一直在找你。

13. leave out 省去，刪去；漏掉

I havent altered or left out anything.

我沒有更改或刪去任何東西。

Youve made a mistake—youve left out the letter T.

你錯(cuò)了，你漏掉了字母T。

leave alone 不管；不理會(huì)；不打擾

leave behind 忘帶；留下

14. （be） aware of 知道；意識(shí)到；明白

Were you aware of something was wrong？

你有沒有意識(shí)到出問題了？

I dont think people are really aware of how much it costs.

我認(rèn)為人們并不真正明白它得花多少錢。

as far as I am aware 就我所知

make sb aware of sth 讓某人明白某事

15. take the lead 帶頭，領(lǐng)先

If we take the lead in this， others may follow.

如果我們?cè)谶@方面帶頭行動(dòng)，其他人就會(huì)跟著來(lái)。

Tom took the lead in the third lap.

湯姆在跑第三圈時(shí)領(lǐng)先。

be in the lead 領(lǐng)先

follow the lead of sb 以某人為榜樣，效仿某人

give sb a lead 給某人做出榜樣；提示某人

16. show off 炫耀

She wanted to show off her new husband at the party.

她想在聚會(huì)上炫耀自己的新婚丈夫。

show （sb） around/round 領(lǐng)（某人）參觀

show up 如約趕到；出現(xiàn)；露面

show ones face 露面；公開見人