情態(tài)動詞用來表示說話人的情感、態(tài)度等。情態(tài)動詞本身詞義不完全，須與其他動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。高考常從下列幾方面對情態(tài)動詞進(jìn)行考查。

一、考查情態(tài)動詞must/cant+have done 句式的推測

肯定句用must/may/might+have done句式進(jìn)行推測，“肯定（可能）做了……”；否定句用cant/couldnt have done句式，“不可能做了……”，該句式是對已發(fā)生過的事情的推測。對現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測用must/might/may/cant+be，be doing句式。對該類結(jié)構(gòu)的反意疑問句也是考查的重點(diǎn)。

【經(jīng)典考題】

1.-I left my handbag on the train， but luckily someone gave it toa railway official.

-How unbelievable to get it back！ I mean， someone _____ it.

A.will have stolen

B.might have stolen

C.should have stolen

D.must have stolen

2.-I spent two weeks in London last summer.

-Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay， _____ you？

A.mustnt

B.havent

C.didnt

D.hadnt

【解析】

1.B。根據(jù)語境，“你錢包找到了真難以置信！我意思是，可能被人偷走了”。

2.C。該句與：You visited the British Museum during your stay， didnt you？的附加疑問句相同。例如：It must have rained last night， didnt it？（對過去推測）

He must have been to Los Angles， hasnt he？（對現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)推測）

He must have finished the work by the end of last week， hadnt he？（對過去完成時(shí)態(tài)推測）

He must have finished the work by the end of next week， wont he？（對將來完成時(shí)態(tài)推測）

He must be （studying） in the classroom now， isnt he？（對現(xiàn)在的推測）

二、考查情態(tài)動詞 should（nt）/could/neednt+have done等句式的不同內(nèi)涵

should/ought to have done本該做某事（事實(shí)上沒做），含有責(zé)備的語氣。

shouldnt/oughtnt to have done本不該做某事（事實(shí)上做了），含有責(zé)備的語氣。

might/could have done本可以做某事（事實(shí)上沒做），語氣里含溫和的責(zé)備，但沒有shouldhave done責(zé)備語氣重，如題1。

neednt have done本來沒有必要做某事（事實(shí)上做了），而didnt need to do sth 則表示沒有必要做某事（此事過去也沒做），如題2。

【經(jīng)典考題】

1.We _____ the difficulty together， but why didnt you tell me？

A.should face

B.might face

C.could have faced

D.must have faced

2. We ______ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us fordinner.

A.may not

B.neednt

C.cant

D.mustnt

【答案】1.A 2.B

三、對重點(diǎn)情態(tài)動詞 can/could，may/might，must，shall，should，will/would 等的考查

（一）can

1.can表示理論上的可能性，即從理論上分析是可能的，但實(shí)際未必會發(fā)生，常譯成“有時(shí)候會”，如題1。

2.can（could）在疑問句或否定句中表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等語氣，如題2。

【經(jīng)典考題】

1.It is usually warm in my hometown in March， but it____be rather cold sometimes.

A.must

B.can

C.should

D.would

2.My book， The House of Ha/es， is missing. Who _____ have taken it？

A.need

B.must

C.should

D.could

【答案】1.B 2.D

（二）must

must可以表示說話人不耐煩的語氣，“偏偏”，常指不愉快的事情，如下題。

【經(jīng)典考題】

- _____ you interrupt now？ Cant you see Im on the phone？

-Sorry Sir， but its urgent.

A.Can

B.Should

C.Must

D.Would

【答案】C

（三）shall

1.表示法律、條約、協(xié)定等中的義務(wù)、規(guī)定，“應(yīng)該……，須……，得……”，如題1。

2.表示允諾，如題2。

【經(jīng)典考題】

1.One of our rules is that every student _____ wear schooluniform while at school.

A.might

B.could

C.shall

D.will

2.-Will you read me a story， Mummy？

-OK. You _____ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.

A.might

B.must

C.could

D.shall

【答案】1.C 2.D

（四）should

should可以表示一種吃涼、驚奇、遺憾等語氣，“竟然”，如下題。

【經(jīng)典考題】

It was sad to me that they， so poor themselves， _____ bringme food.

A.might

B.would

C.should

D.could

【答案】C

（五）will/would

will/would可以表示主語的意愿、意志。用于非人主語時(shí)，表示事物自然的屬性，表示固有的性質(zhì)、傾向、功能等（如下題）。

The door wont /wouldnt lock.這門不好鎖。

The bus wouldnt move， however hard we pushed.不管我們怎么用力推，汽車就是不動。

【經(jīng)典考題】

The door _____ open， no matter how hard she pushed.

A.shouldnt

B.couldnt

C.wouldnt

D.mightnt

【答案】C