四川

筆者細(xì)心研究2018年的9套高考試卷（2017年11月浙江卷、天津3月卷、全國(guó)卷Ⅰ、全國(guó)卷Ⅱ、全國(guó)卷Ⅲ、浙江卷、北京卷、天津卷和江蘇卷），竟然發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的試卷都不約而同地考查了許多相似的考點(diǎn)，甚至有的考題幾乎如出一轍，格式相同、形式相同、內(nèi)容相似?，F(xiàn)根據(jù)全國(guó)卷題型，筆者從中采擷33組考題予以對(duì)照分析，供廣大師生參考。

一、在語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中的考查

1.相似考點(diǎn)1——名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

① You wouldn’t think that a few 58 （month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life...(2017年 11月浙江卷 )

② Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).( 全國(guó)卷Ⅰ )

③ Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ )

④ After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ )

⑤ The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ )

⑥ Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.(浙江卷 )

【答案】①months；②causes；③chicken→chickens；④ sort→ sorts；⑤ mistake → mistakes；⑥ dishes。

2.相似考點(diǎn)2——形容詞性物主代詞

① Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and 64 (they) use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words learned this way in conversations almost automatically.(2017年 11月浙江卷 )

② I had done myself homework, but I was shy.(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)

【答案】① their；② myself → my/the。

3.相似考點(diǎn)3——it的用法

① If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ )

② Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out.(浙江卷 )

【答案】①it/running；②it。

4.相似考點(diǎn)4——不定冠詞

① Like many things in life, it’s 56 ongoing process,and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement, which means you’ll just keep getting better and better.(2017年 11月浙江卷 )

② As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ )

【答案】①an；②the→a。

5.相似考點(diǎn)5——定冠詞

① During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ )

② Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)

③ Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs.(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ )

【答案】①countryside前加the；②the；③the。

6.相似考點(diǎn)6——形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞

① One of the 60 (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books.(2017 年 11 月浙江卷 )

② According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption.( 全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)

③ I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ )

【答案】①effective；②global；③larger →large。

7.相似考點(diǎn)7——連系動(dòng)詞后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)

① Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy).(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)

② I felt happily that their life had improved.(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ )

③ The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 62 (afford) but doing this most days adds up.(浙江卷)

【答案】①energetic；②happily →happy；③affordable。

8.相似考點(diǎn)8——副詞的修飾作用

① You need to 61 (real) read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic.(2017 年 11 月浙江卷 )

② A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ )

③ Immediate, I raised my hand.(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ )

【答案】①really；②actually；③Immediate →Immediately。

9.相似考點(diǎn)9——?jiǎng)用~作賓語(yǔ)

① You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ )

② My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ )

③ I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)

④ I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.(浙江卷 )

【答案】① dying；② sell → selling；③ looking；④visiting。

10.相似考點(diǎn)10——?jiǎng)釉~不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)

① You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit.(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ )

② The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ )

【答案】① to see；② to improve。

11.相似考點(diǎn)11——while + doing結(jié)構(gòu)

① This isn’t as hard as it sounds, and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while 63 (read) an interesting piece of literature.(2017 年 11 月浙江卷)

② China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ )

【答案】①reading；②feeding。

12.相似考點(diǎn)12——介詞for的用法

① You wouldn’t think that a few months of exercise in your teens would be enough 59 the rest of your life, and that’s also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.(2017 年 11 月浙江卷 )

② I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ )

③ If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 65 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.(浙江卷 )

【答案】①for；②for；③for。

13.相似考點(diǎn)13——由介詞than引出比較對(duì)象

① While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it is more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming.(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ )

② Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥 ) runoff.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ )

【答案】①than；②than。

14.相似考點(diǎn)14——一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)

① During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there.(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ )

② The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)

③ I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ )

④ When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive.True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean) me no real harm.(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)

【答案】①find →found；②started；③are →were；④meant。

15.相似考點(diǎn)15——主謂一致

① This isn’t as hard as it 62 (sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while reading an interesting piece of literature.(2017年11月浙江卷)

② While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ )

③ The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ )

【答案】①sounds；②is；③include→includes。

16.相似考點(diǎn)16——由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

① Like many things in life, it’s an ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement, 57 means you’ll just keep getting better and better.(2017年11月浙江卷)

② Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ )

③ The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers —and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ )

④ Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.(浙江卷 )

【答案】①which；②that/which；③that/which；④who/that。

二、在完形填空中的考查

17.相似考點(diǎn)17——相同動(dòng)詞change

① Last September, however, that all 20 .(2018 年 3月天津卷)

A.disappeared B.returned C.developed D.changed

② When I got into college, things 40 .(浙江卷 )

A. happened B.repeated C.changed D.mattered

【答案】①D；②C。

18.相似考點(diǎn)18——相同副詞even

① I 34 read my poetry out loud at a reading club.(2018年3月天津卷)

A.even B.still C.only D.seldom

② All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 17 more remarkable.(北京卷 )

A.still B.even C.ever D.once

【答案】①A；②B。

19.相似考點(diǎn)19——考查動(dòng)詞excite及其名詞形式excitement

① And, even if I weren’t 43 enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me.(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)

A.excited B.worried C.moved D.tired

② In her 48 , she didn’t seem to realize that she was sharing the baby’s photos with a complete stranger.(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ )

A.opinion B.anxiety C.excitement D.effort

【答案】①A；②C。

20.相似考點(diǎn)20——相同動(dòng)詞know

① “What’s his name?” I asked the instructor.“Ben,”he replied, and immediately I 54 .That stranger was my son! (全國(guó)卷Ⅱ )

A.agreed B.hesitated C.doubted D.knew

②“Well, I don’t 50 you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,” replied Dennis before asking which room the new parents were in.(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ )

A.accept B.know

C.believe D.bother

①D；②B。

21.相似考點(diǎn)21——相同動(dòng)詞leave

① Fortunately, after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to 56 and later the family met up for dinner.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ )

A.return B.relax C.speak D.leave

② He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe.(北京卷)

A.taking B.leaving C.reading D.writing

【答案】①D；②B。

22.相似考點(diǎn)22——相同動(dòng)詞meet

① Guy Harvold, 24, had picked up the students and three course leaders from Gatwick airport, and they were travelling to Bourmemouth to 38 their host families.(2017 年 11 月浙江卷)

A.greet B.thank C.invite D.meet

② I could hardly wait to 47 him.(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ )

A.interview B.meet C.challenge D.beat

③ I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 44 .(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ )

A.talk B.stay C.meet D.settle

④ One day I 46 a former classmate of mine who was making a lot of money running a sideline (副業(yè) ).(浙江卷 )

A.met B.helped C.treated D.hired

【答案】①D；②B；③C；④A。

23.相似考點(diǎn)23——相同動(dòng)詞pass

① Harvold, who has not 41 his driving test, said, “I realized the bus was out of control when I was speaking to the students.”(2017年11月浙江卷)

A.given B.marked C.passed D.conducted

② In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives.(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ )

A.attend B.pass C.skip D.observe

【答案】①C；②B。

24.相似考點(diǎn)24——相同動(dòng)詞post

① Teresa 56 a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website accompanied by the touching words:“What a blessing this young man was to our family! He was so sweet and kind to do this.” (全國(guó)卷Ⅲ )

A.found B.selected C.developed D.posted

② He also won praise from social media users after Mr.Anderson 31 about the act of kindness on Facebook.(北京卷)

A.learned B.posted C.cared D.heard

【答案】①D；②B。

25.相似考點(diǎn)25——相同動(dòng)詞remember

① I 22 listening to others read their work and thinking: “That will never be me.”(2018 年 3 月天津卷 )

A.regret B.consider C.imagine D.remember

② I 37 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also played a team sport.(浙江卷 )

A.remember B.admit C.understand D.expect

【答案】①D；②A。

26.相似考點(diǎn)26——相同動(dòng)詞save

① I jumped at the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars? (全國(guó)卷Ⅰ )

A.waste B.earn C.save D.pay

②“I just want to say thank you,” he said.“You 58 my life!” (全國(guó)卷Ⅱ )

A.created B.honored C.saved D.guided

【答案】①C；②C。

27.相似考點(diǎn)27——相同動(dòng)詞shake

① I could hear it 29 as I read, and I could hear every stutter（結(jié)巴）and mistake.(2018 年 3 月天津卷 )

A.shaking B.singing C.shouting D.deepening

② He was 50 violently.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ )

A.arguing B.fighting

C.shouting D.shaking

【答案】①A；②D。

三、在聽(tīng)力中的考查

2018年高考共有3套聽(tīng)力試題，即2017年11月浙江卷、全國(guó)卷Ⅰ(江蘇卷、浙江卷同)和全國(guó)卷Ⅱ(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ同 )。

四、啟示

1.抓基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法

從上述考題可以看出，高考考查的都是很基礎(chǔ)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，比如說(shuō)名詞復(fù)數(shù)、冠詞、副詞的修飾作用、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、主謂一致、關(guān)系代詞等。因此，在學(xué)生備考的過(guò)程中，教師要指導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)考綱中所列的全部語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，幫助學(xué)生掌握基本概念，把握最常用的語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)，讓學(xué)生經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)練習(xí)達(dá)到運(yùn)用自如。

2.抓基本詞匯

(1)對(duì)于考綱中所列的單詞，學(xué)生不僅要背誦其含義和拼寫(xiě)，還要掌握其基本的詞形變換。

(2)教師還要有意識(shí)地幫助學(xué)生總結(jié)一些完形填空中常考的單詞，以增強(qiáng)備考的有效性。上述第二部分考題中的單詞也是完形填空考題中的“?？汀?，比方說(shuō)change共考查24次、even共考查22次、excite共考查17次、know共考查16次、leave共考查31次、meet共考查14次、pass共考查10次、remember共考查12次、save共考查8次等。

3.重視11月浙江卷和3月天津卷

在上述考題中，11月浙江考卷與夏季高考卷的相似考題多達(dá)19處，若加上單項(xiàng)填空，相似考題則高達(dá)26處。高考結(jié)束之后，考試中心會(huì)總結(jié)試卷的得與失，從總結(jié)中得出的一些命題理念就會(huì)在11月浙江考卷中有所體現(xiàn)，故而研究它們就顯得尤為重要。