文、圖劉懷彥

學員體驗俄羅斯表演體系演技訓練方法Students experience the acting training methods of Russian performance system

“簡直像上了一個完整的碩士課程，內容豐富多彩，收獲滿滿?！焙Ｄ洗髮W人文傳播學院副教授鄧菡彬在參加完“2018中國文聯(lián)赴俄舞臺藝術編導創(chuàng)作人才高級研修班”后如此感嘆。

9月，由國家外國專家局審批，中國文聯(lián)國際聯(lián)絡部和中國文聯(lián)文藝研修院主辦，俄羅斯國立舞臺藝術學院協(xié)辦的“2018中國文聯(lián)赴俄舞臺藝術編導創(chuàng)作人才高級研修班”（簡稱海外七期）順利舉辦。這是中國文聯(lián)第一次赴俄羅斯開展培訓，也是文藝研修院第一次與國外藝術院校直接合作舉辦的高級研修培訓項目。

為何會選擇俄羅斯？作為舞臺藝術強國，俄羅斯文化藝術底蘊深厚，大量經(jīng)典舞臺藝術作品享譽世界、影響深遠。俄羅斯繼承并發(fā)揚民族傳統(tǒng)，同時善于向外學習，形成獨具一格的俄羅斯藝術學派，其文藝發(fā)展歷程、融合創(chuàng)新經(jīng)驗、舞臺藝術體系等對我國舞臺藝術的發(fā)展具有啟發(fā)和借鑒意義。

此次研修班的17名學員均為來自文聯(lián)系統(tǒng)和各高校從事舞臺藝術編導創(chuàng)作、行業(yè)管理、理論研究等工作的負責人或業(yè)務骨干?！岸砹_斯舞臺藝術創(chuàng)編體系特點及傳承發(fā)展”是此次培訓研修的主題，但學員們對俄羅斯了解多少？直接到俄羅斯培訓，他們能接受多少？為此，海外七期首次安排了境內預培訓——出國前兩天在北京，邀請對中俄舞臺藝術發(fā)展有深入了解和豐富經(jīng)驗的專家為學員們講解中俄舞臺藝術發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀及異同，并請研修院往屆海外班的校友為學員講解了境外研修培訓的學習重點和方法等，讓學員們更加明確了此次赴俄羅斯的學習目標和努力方向，并營造了良好的學習氛圍?！邦A培訓使我們集中、快速地進入學習培訓狀態(tài)，并且及時傳遞了與主題相關的國外藝術發(fā)展情況，這很有必要。”貴州省舞協(xié)秘書長龐宏說。

預培訓結束后，學員們前往俄羅斯，開始為期3周的境外培訓。海外七期境外培訓部分由享有俄羅斯最古老的戲劇學院和世界頂尖的戲劇學院美譽且以嚴謹?shù)霓k學風格聞名于世的俄羅斯國立舞臺藝術學院統(tǒng)籌安排。12次專題講座，8次現(xiàn)場教學，8次參觀編劇、導演、表演工作坊，5次劇目觀摩，兩次與主創(chuàng)團隊座談交流等，多種多樣的課程讓學員沉浸于學習之中。中國文聯(lián)舞蹈藝術中心信息部編輯梁戈邏激動地說：“培訓中觀摩了很多頂級的舞臺表演，激發(fā)自己產(chǎn)生了很多創(chuàng)作思考?！?/p>

除此之外，俄羅斯方面還邀請俄羅斯舞臺藝術領域德高望重的專家和藝術家為學員授課，并組織學員前往俄羅斯亞歷山大德里娜劇院、艾夫曼芭蕾舞學院、莫斯科契訶夫藝術劇院等歷史悠久、專業(yè)一流的藝術機構現(xiàn)場教學。劇目觀摩和與藝術作品主創(chuàng)團隊座談交流也讓學員們切身感受了俄羅斯的經(jīng)典傳統(tǒng)藝術及現(xiàn)當代藝術。江西省劇協(xié)副秘書長盧勇認為此次赴俄接觸了俄羅斯戲劇的精華，更加堅定了對我國優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)戲劇的創(chuàng)作信心。中國文聯(lián)文藝評論中心信息處干部韓宵宵感嘆：“課程安排豐富，能夠接觸到俄羅斯文藝界頂尖的專家學者和業(yè)界創(chuàng)作者，收獲頗豐?！?/p>

專業(yè)學習與黨建活動同步——海外七期設立了臨時黨支部和一名臨時黨支部書記。赴俄培訓期間，在中國駐俄羅斯大使館的安排下，海外七期全體學員前往位于莫斯科郊區(qū)的中共六大會址常設展覽館開展黨日活動?！白鳛橐幻兄?0多年黨齡的老黨員，今天再一次重溫中國共產(chǎn)黨艱苦奮斗的成長歷程，深感今天幸福生活的來之不易。離開中共六大會址，心情久久不能平靜?！焙颖笔f(xié)秘書長賈吉慶說。

為期三周的培訓結束后，學員們帶著豐厚的研修成果回到各自的崗位上。在個人研修總結中，不少學員們感慨到，此次培訓在自己的藝術創(chuàng)作中留下了深刻的印跡。與以往培訓班結束后培訓即停止不同，海外七期強化學員成果意識，引導學員預先制定學習目標和成果計劃，帶著問題和思考參訓，帶著收獲和方法回到崗位——設置了班級導師對學員的培訓成果選題進行輔導點評，促進學員完成研修成果的創(chuàng)作和研究，并且計劃在培訓結束后半年內，通過創(chuàng)作輔導、評審匯報、榮譽評獎等流程設計，對學員成果進行指導和評選，充分激發(fā)學員的積極性，確保培訓取得實效。福建師范大學音樂學院副教授馬俊強用“高水平、高質量、高起點”三個詞評價了此次培訓，盧勇認為此次培訓所學內容“入眼、入心、入腦”。

中國文聯(lián)文藝研修院常務副院長傅亦軒及海外七期學員赴中共六大會址常設展覽館舉行黨日活動The Overseas 7th Edition visits the permanent exhibition hall of the Sixth Congress of the Chinese Communist Party to hold party day activities

"It's like a complete master's degree program with rich content and full harvest." Said by DENG Hanbin, Associate Professor of School of Humanities and Communication, Hainan University,after participating into the "Senior Training Class of Creative Talents of Stage Art Directors of 2018 CFLAC Visiting Russia".

In September, the "Senior Training Class of Creative Talents of Stage Art Directors of 2018 China Federation of Literary and Art Circles Visiting Russia" (Hereinafter referred to as Overseas 7thEdition),approved by the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs,sponsored by the International Cooperation Department and Literary and Art Institute of CFLAC and organized by the Russian National Academy of Stage Arts, have been held successfully, marking the first time that the CFLAC has visited Russia for training activity, and also the first advanced training program jointly organized by the Literary and Art Institute directly with foreign art colleges.

Why Russia? As a stage art powerhouse, Russian culture and art possess a profound heritage and a large number of classic stage art works with worldwide reputation and far-reaching impact. Russia inherits and promotes national traditions, and, meanwhile, the country is keen on learning from outside, forming a unique Russian art school. Its literary and artistic development process, integration of innovative experience, and stage art system have inspiration and reference for the development of Chinese stage art.

The 17 participants of the training class are the heads or business leaders from the CFLAC system and various universities engaged in stage art editing, industry management and theoretical research."The characteristics and inheritance of the Russian stage art creation system" is the theme of this training program, however,how much do the participants know about Russia? How much can they accept directly by participating into the Russian training? To this end, the Overseas 7thEdition has been arranged for domestic pre-training for the first time- during the two days before going abroad, experts with in-depth understanding and rich experience in the development of Chinese and Russian stage art were invited to explain the current situation and similarities and differences between the bilateral stage art development, and the alumni of the overseas class of the institute to elaborate the learning points and methods of overseas training program etc. so as to clarify the learning target and efforts of these students for Russia and create a sound learning atmosphere."The pre-training allows us to concentrate and enter the state of learning and training in a rapid fashion, and it timely conveys the development of foreign art related to the theme, it is most necessary," said PANG Hong, Secretary-general of the Guizhou Provincial Dance Association.

After the pre-training, all the participants went to Russia to start the three-week overseas training. The overseas training of Overseas 7thEdition is organized by the Russian National Academy of Stage Arts, the oldest theatre school in Russia and the world's top theatre academy, known for its rigorous style of operation globally. Some 12 lectures, 8 on-site teachings, 8 visits to screenwriters, directors and performance workshops, 5 repertoires, 2 communications with the main teams and etc., a variety of courses have immersed the students in learning. LIANG Geluo, editor of the Information Department of Dance Art Center of CLFAC, said with excitement:"There were many top-level stage performances during the training, inspiring myself to create more thinking in future creation."

學員在莫斯科契訶夫藝術劇院教學現(xiàn)場Students participate into on-site training at the Chekhov Art Theatre in Moscow

In addition, the Russian side also invited highly-respected experts and artists from the Russian stage art field to teach the students, and organized them to visit the Aleksandrinsky Theatre, Eifman Ballet Academy, Moscow Chekhov Art Theatre and other long-standing, professional and first-class art institutions for on-site teaching. The appreciation of the repertoire and the discussion with the creative team of the artistic works also allowed the participants to experience the classic traditional art and modern and contemporary art of Russia. LU Yong, deputy secretary-general of the Jiangxi Provincial Drama Association, believed that the visit to Russia had helped him to touch the essence of Russian drama and strengthened his confidence in the creation of China's outstanding traditional drama. Han Xiaoxiao,cadre of the Information Department of CFLAC, said: "There are a wealth of courses, which reach out to the top experts and scholars and industry creators in the Russian literary and art circles, I learn a lot."

The Overseas 7thEdition has set up a temporary party branch and a temporary party branch secretary.During the training in Russia, all the participants went to the permanent exhibition hall of the Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of China on the outskirts of Moscow to carry out party day activities under the arrangement of the Chinese Embassy in Russia. "As a veteran party member with more than 20 years of party age, today I once again relive the arduous struggle of the Chinese Communist Party. I feel that today's happy life is hard-won. I even couldn't calm down for a while after leaving the Sixth Congress site," said by JIA Jiqing, Secretary-General of Hebei Provincial Opera Association.

The three-week training has concluded, and the students returned to their respective positions with generous research results. In their individual training summary, many students believed that the training has left a deep imprint in their artistic creation. Quite different from the previous training class as it will be stopped after the class is over, the Overseas 7thEdition strengthens the students' awareness of the results,guide them to pre-plan the learning objectives and results, take the questions and think during the training and return to the post with the harvest and methods - it set up class tutors to give guidance on the training results of the trainees, promoting the creation and research of the trainees' achievements, and planning to guide the students' achievements through the process design, such as creative counseling, review report, awards etc. within six months after the training session. It fully stimulated the enthusiasm of the participants and ensured the effectiveness of the training. MA Jun, associate professor at the Music College of Fujian Normal University, evaluated the training with the words "high level, high quality, and high starting point". LU Yong believed that the content of this training is "into the eye, the mind and the brain".