建筑設(shè)計：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)營造

新廣西龍脊小學(xué)是一個為學(xué)生和老師設(shè)計的“家”。一連串的親密空間從原有的木校舍里生長出來，沿坡入土而下，最后面對山谷梯田敞開。下沉的新校舍不但緊緊地嵌入山勢，也同時體現(xiàn)了對舊校舍的尊重。

建筑的上部是一個半室外餐廳，圍繞中間的壁爐展開。一排寬敞的大臺階由此而下，形成一個面向梯田視野開闊的小型講演廳。建筑為身處其中的人們勾勒出一個獨特的視框，也喚起了山谷自身的精神性。講演廳正前方配備了折疊門，開啟時講演廳直接對著田野和附近村落敞開，關(guān)閉時可以用于投影和展示。低處的多功能教室面向梯田打開，內(nèi)側(cè)配有一個讀書角。孩子們可以在開放空間里玩耍，亦或蜷在角落中閱讀交談。

帶有木紋理的棕紅色混凝土強調(diào)了建筑滲入山丘和泥土中的感覺， 也與當(dāng)?shù)氐哪窘Y(jié)構(gòu)民居發(fā)生了微妙的對話?！?/p>

The new Guangxi Longji Primary School is conceived as a "house" designed for students and teachers, where a series of intimate spaces open up to the breathtaking landscape of terraced rice fields. The new building grows out from the existing school and then into the earth, reshaping the site topography as well as embedding itself as part of the slope.

The upper part of the building, at the courtyard level, is a semi-outdoor space, where the canteen is anchored around a fireplace, hearth of the school.This space links the existing building to the lower level of the new extension by a series of big steps,shaping an auditorium open to the landscape. This auditorium is equipped with folded walls that can be used for projection. A new multifunctional classroom with a library niche is located on the lower level.

A brown red exposed concrete, casted in wooden formworks, emphasizes the penetration into the earth, creating subtle dialogue with the local wooden buildings.□

1 總平面/Site plan

2 鳥瞰/Aerial image

3 內(nèi)景/Interior image

4 首層平面/Ground floor plan

5 地下一層平面/B1 floor plan

6.7 外景/Exterior images

8 立面/Elevation

9.10 剖面/Sections

11.12 內(nèi)景/Interior images

13.14 入口/Entrance

評論

范路：在廣西龍脊愛心小學(xué)項目中，新建部分以一種細(xì)膩微妙的姿態(tài)，在融入原有環(huán)境的同時又塑造了新的場所精神。新建筑形體簡潔明快，以適應(yīng)當(dāng)代功能和使用要求。而它嵌入山坡、隱藏體量的處理，則表達(dá)了對于場地環(huán)境和民居的尊重。新建筑東南側(cè)條狀體量向上凸出山坡。它和西北側(cè)山體與東北側(cè)原有校舍一起，三面圍合出一個山腰庭院。這就同時形成了面向西南山谷的空間主軸線和順應(yīng)東南側(cè)山坡與民居的次軸線。新建部分與原有校舍，在庭院層和地下層均有連通，既強化了新舊建筑的空間整體，也突出了對于朝向山谷主軸線的體驗。東南側(cè)形體的凸起，為下層內(nèi)部空間帶來了高低變化，也很順應(yīng)了演講廳和多功能廳不同高度的使用要求。而這種次要軸線上的空間收放，還與主軸方向上從壁爐到餐廳再到演講廳的安排相呼應(yīng)。東南側(cè)凸起體量上還有3個小“光筒”，它們不僅加強了上下空間的聯(lián)系，還在下層以天光延續(xù)壁爐火光，強調(diào)指向山谷的空間序列。而在上層，它們不僅進一步加強了庭院的圍合感，更以相對活潑的布局與朝向，激發(fā)庭院中學(xué)生的自由活動和想象力。在材料處理上，呈現(xiàn)木條紋的棕紅色混凝土材質(zhì)，讓新建筑與泥土山丘和木質(zhì)民居進一步產(chǎn)生對話。而所有的設(shè)計處理，讓這座質(zhì)樸的鄉(xiāng)村小學(xué)，具有了豐富的生活內(nèi)涵和建筑詩意。

Comment

FAN Lu:In the project of Guangxi Longji Primary School, the newly built part, in subtle and delicate manners, blends in with the existing environment and shapes the new spirit of the place. The expansion of the school has concise volumes which accommodate contemporary functions, but it embeds itself as part of the slop to show respect for the existing mountain scenery and folk houses. While the volume of its southeast part protrudes upwards, and it, together with the old school building on the northeast and the mountain slope on the northwest, encloses a hillside courtyard facing the valley and forms the main spatial axis of the complex. Also, the protruded volume conforms to the layout of the dwellings on the southeast hillside and brings about a minor axis.The newly built is connected to the old school building on both the courtyard level and the underground level, which emphasizes the integrity of the building complex and the experience of the main axis. The protrusion of the shape also leads to interior variation in height in the new building with the high part for an auditorium and the low part for a multifunctional classroom. Then this spatial release and contraction is echoed in the main axis direction with the spatial expansion from the fireplace to the canteen and to the auditorium. Moreover, three volumetric light sources are set over the protrusion, which intensifies the communication between the courtyard and the lower floor and reaffirms the main and minor axes in a smaller scale. And the relatively free layout of those three elements implies a sort of encouragement for the school students to play and imagine in the courtyard. The new part is built up mainly with brown red exposed concrete, casted in wooden formworks,and can have a dialogue in material with the hill and local wooden building. In summary, all these design treatments endow the plain village school with rich life experience and architectural poetry.

2018“張軻與阿爾瓦·阿爾托獎”展覽，路易·卡雷住宅，巴黎，法國

2017“新胡同新陳代謝”展，芝加哥雙年展，芝加哥，美國

2017 張軻個展，芬蘭建筑博物館，赫爾辛基，芬蘭2017“營造YíNG ZàO”個展，比勒費爾德，德國2016“ZàI XīNG Tǔ Mù再興土木”展，柏林Aedes建筑藝術(shù)館，柏林，德國

2016“微胡同更新”，第十五屆威尼斯建筑雙年展主題展，威尼斯，意大利

2015 “營造 Contemplating Basics”個展，奧德堡光之論壇，布雷根茨/多恩比恩，奧地利

2015“營造 Contemplating Basics”個展，Aedas建筑藝術(shù)館，柏林，德國

2015“紐約—北京—紐約”群展，AIA中心，紐約，美國

2014 “微胡同”，北京國際設(shè)計周，北京，中國

2013 “東方的承諾”建筑展，MAK博物館，維也納，奧地利

2012“立體村莊”裝置，草場地藝術(shù)區(qū)，北京設(shè)計周，北京，中國

2012“立體村莊”裝置，卡拉拉，意大利

2012“立體村莊”裝置，米蘭大學(xué)中心庭院，米蘭設(shè)計周，米蘭，意大利

2012 “藏龍”展，張軻設(shè)計，米蘭Moroso展廳，米蘭，意大利

2011“社會劇場住宅”參加“為蟻族而設(shè)計”展，深圳香港雙年展，深圳& 香港，中國

2011“Glocal Stone”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)營造作品展，維羅納，意大利

2011“折疊的房子”展廳及概念家具，上海，中國2011“立體村莊”，成都雙年展，成都，中國

2011“后實驗時代的中國建筑”展，布拉格，捷克2010 “和諧北京”， 威尼斯雙年展“奧迪城市未來獎”展覽，威尼斯，意大利

2010“更新中國”可持續(xù)中國設(shè)計展，上海，中國2010“Reach & Touch”中國當(dāng)代設(shè)計展，北京，中國

2010“M8 in China”中國八位建筑師展，德國建筑中心，柏林，德國

2009“城市下的蛋”，深圳香港雙年展，深圳& 香港，中國

2009“M8 in China”中國八位建筑師展，德國建筑博物館，法蘭克福

2008“中國當(dāng)代建筑觀察”展，巴黎，法國

2008“China Design Now”，中國設(shè)計Now，倫敦維多利亞和阿爾伯特博物館，倫敦，英國

2008 “不自然生長”，“不自然”設(shè)計展，北京，中國

2008 建筑托邦——中國年輕建筑師，布魯塞爾，比利時

2007“西九龍?zhí)萏锬μ鞓恰保愀垭p年展，香港，中國

2006“中國當(dāng)代”展，荷蘭建筑學(xué)會，鹿特丹，荷蘭

2005“陽朔小街坊”，深圳雙年展，深圳，中國

2018 "Zhang Ke & The Alvar Aalto Medal", Maison Louis Carre, Paris, France

2017 "Make New Hutong Metabolism", Chicago Architecture Biennial, Chicago, USA

2017 Exhibition on Zhang Ke, Museum of Finnish Architecture, Helsinki, Finland

2017 "營造 YíNG ZàO" Solo Exhibition, Bielefeld,Germany

2016 "ZàI XING TU Mù 再興土木" Exhibition,Aedes Architekturforum, Berlin, Germany

2016 La Biennale di Venezia, "Micro Hutong Renewal"for "Reporting from the Front" Central Exhibition at Arsenale, Venezia, Italy

2015 "營造Contemplating Basics", Solo Exhibition,Zumtobel Lichtforum, Bregenz/Dornbirn, Austria

2015 "營造Contemplating Basics", Solo Exhibition,Aedes Architekturforum, Berlin, Germany

2015 "New York-Beijing-New York", Group Exhibition,New York AIA centre, New York, USA

2014 "Micro-Hutong", Beijing Design Week, Beijing,China

2013 "Eastern Promises", MAK Museum, Vienna,Austria

2012 "Village Mountains" installation, Beijing Design Week, Beijing, China

2012 "Village Mountains" installation, Carrara, Italy 2012 "Village Mountains" installation for Interni Legacy at Milano Design Week, Milan, Italy

2012 "Hidden Dragon" for Moroso at Salone del Mobile Milano, Milan, Italy

2011 "Social Theatre Housing" for "Housing with a Mission" (Curator NAi)at Shenzhen & Hong Kong Biennale, Shenzhen & Hong Kong, China

2011 "Glocal Stone" Exhibition, Verona, Italy

2011 "Folding House Pavilion", Shanghai, China

2011 "Vertical Villages" at Chengdu Biennale, Chengdu,China

2011 "Chinese Architecture in a Post-experimental Age", Prague, Chech

2010 "Harmonious Beijing" for "Audi Urban Future Award" at Venice Biennale, Venice, Italy

2010 "Updating China", Shanghai, China

2010 "Reach & Touch" China Contemporary Design Exhibition, Beijing, China

2010 "M8 in China", DAZ (Deutsches Architektur Zentrum) Berlin, Germany

2009 "Eggs of The City" at Shenzhen Biennale,Shenzhen, China

2009 "M8 in China", DAM (Deutsches Architekturmuseum), Frankfurt, Germany

2009 "Chinese Gardens for Living" Exhibition,Brussels, Belgium

2008 "Observatoire de L'architecture de La Chine",Paris, France

2008 "China Design Now", V&A, London, Britain

2008 "Un-natural", Beijing, China

2008 "ARCHITopia-Young Architects from China",Brussels, Belgium

2007 "Rice-Field Skyscraper for West Kowloon" at Hong Kong Biennale, Hong Kong, China

2006 "China Contemporary", NAi, Rotterdam, Netherlands 2005 "Yangshuo Storefronts" at Shenzhen Biennale,Shenzhen, China

1 “微胡同”模型，第二屆芝加哥建筑雙年展/Model of "Micro Hutong", Chicago Architecture Biennial