Recently， I have read the book 100 Pieces of Advice for Teachers written by Vasyl Sukhomlynsky， Soviet Unions educationalist. The advice “about acquiring knowledge” gave me some ideas about the relationship between teachers teaching and students learning. In teaching， one basic rule is that “teaching is for learning”， which is also teachings essence and the fundamental law. How do we deal with the relationship between teaching and learning？ Here is my brief view.

First of all， teaching should be based on learning. Before we teach a new lesson， we must know what students have known， what they do not know， which part is difficult and which place can easily cause problems. Only through this way of teaching， we can improve our teaching efficiency. The knowledge students do not know should be explained in details and where it is easy to make mistakes should be reminded. Moreover， the knowledge points students have difficulties in understanding should be interpreted. In short， students can make progress and breakthroughs when teaching in accordance with students “l(fā)earning situation”. This is the real way to learn.

Secondly， teaching should be adapted to learning. Teachers should not always set high standards to students， but should adapt teaching methods based on students zone of proximal development， the zone to efficiently motivate students initiatives and inspire their potential. In teaching， we often find that students are difficult to achieve the knowledge level we expected. At this time， we should make some adjustments appropriately instead of blindly following our established teaching goals. Each teacher wants his students to be excellent， but in some cases， the efficiency of teaching depends not only on the teacher or only on the students. It requires the cooperation between teachers and students to maximize the teaching efficiency. Therefore， in the process of teaching， we should pay more attention to the students zone of proximal development， which cannot be influenced by the expected goals of teachers to blindly raise students. What we need to do is to let the students zone of proximal development developed under the existing conditions of students. This is the effective teaching.

Finally， teaching should help the development of learning. The ultimate goal of teaching is the development of students， which is the self-operation of students independent from teachers. Chinese educationist Ye Shengtao said that “teaching is for the purpose of no teaching”， which is conformed to the truth. In addition， Sukhomlynsky also said that， “it is of the highest teaching skill to teach students how to acquire knowledge based on existing knowledge.” Therefore， teachers should play a role as a guider in the classroom， and should give more initiative to the students. At the same time， the teacher should understand through the text and do well in the presupposition. No matter how the students react， they can be guided back to the textbook. Create the classroom based on the interaction， so that students can develop. However， this is not enough. We should not only teach students the knowledge in the text， but also summarize the methods that are hiding behind the text and the ways to understand through the text， so they can learn to deal with the things that students cannot see and did not find out. In this way， the students development will be put into reality and can be seen. In this way， teachers can serve the development of students and become students help. It is the teachers mission to help student master. A truly good teacher does not only master knowledge but also help students master.

Teaching means to teach students to learn. Firstly， teachers should develop their own identity. In this big platform of classroom， teachers are only the directors behind students， and students are the real actors. Therefore， the teachers should give the performance to the students， so as to let the students deduce and operate. Finally， let the students learn to operate in the operation， thus to be independent from the teacher and complete the transformation of the students. Then， the teaching mission will be realized！

【作者簡介】陳菲，江西師大文學(xué)院。