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        阿爾梅勒羊舍

        2018-09-21 09:05:40
        世界建筑導(dǎo)報(bào) 2018年4期
        關(guān)鍵詞:山墻拐角牧羊人

        阿爾梅勒市一共有80只羊。人們利用這些羊來應(yīng)對(duì)阿爾梅勒市“vroege vogel”森林和“kromsloot”公園內(nèi)生命力頑強(qiáng)的“老鼠簕屬”或“熊尾草”等雜草。為了將這些羊集中圈養(yǎng),需要建一個(gè)羊舍。

        羊舍設(shè)計(jì)為非對(duì)稱橫截面。前側(cè)是羊群居住區(qū),相對(duì)較矮。后側(cè)是干草存放區(qū),高出中間通道,這樣就將干草存放空間最大化,保證飼料充足。在羊舍左右兩端底部有通風(fēng)口,確保羊舍內(nèi)部空氣流通。

        整個(gè)建筑尤為關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn),是羊舍正面與山墻連接的拐角之處。羊舍突出顯示了其獨(dú)特的橫截面形狀。正面較長,與后面干草存放區(qū)的山墻相連,形成拐角,因此正面墻也有一部分充當(dāng)舍頂。

        羊舍構(gòu)架(松樹)和覆蓋層(西紅杉)均由木材建造。只有拱形梁采用鋼材。這樣才能保證內(nèi)部的管狀結(jié)構(gòu)牢固。如果同樣采用木梁,內(nèi)部牢固程度將會(huì)受到影響。整個(gè)羊舍一共有3個(gè)采光口,其中一個(gè)位于正面底部,接近地面,透過這扇窗,可以從外面看到羊舍內(nèi)部。羊舍和辦公室的直立墻以山毛櫸膠合板覆蓋。

        整個(gè)羊舍的設(shè)計(jì),都是為了方便市民或者學(xué)生來參觀,近距離體驗(yàn)羊群的飼養(yǎng)方法。羊舍一端的二樓設(shè)計(jì)有牧羊人室以及一間小辦公室。以方便牧羊人夜間休息。因?yàn)橐归g有可能有母羊產(chǎn)仔,所以牧羊人要在這里守夜。羊舍內(nèi)部及周邊的相應(yīng)工作會(huì)選用有社交心理障礙或精神疾病的人來負(fù)責(zé),當(dāng)然還有一些其他工作人員,這些人都由牧羊人監(jiān)管。

        除了以上功能,穆斯林群體也可以從這里購買羔羊,進(jìn)行一年一度的祭祀儀式。

        The city of Almere has a sheep population of about 80 sheep. The sheep are mobilized to keep the powerful weed “acanthus” or “bears-breech” that grows in the “vroege vogel” - forest and “kromsloot” -park in Almere under control. To centralize and house this population, a sheep stable was needed.

        The stable is designed with an a-symmetrical homogeneous cross-section. The part of the building where the sheep reside is relatively low; the high part is situated above the (public) pathway and the hay storage section, making it possible to store a maximum amount of hay. This shape also creates a natural flow for the air inside the building, which is refreshed by two slits at the foot of each long side of the building.

        The detailing of the corner of the building, where the long fa?ade ends and the gable starts, is extremely important for the overall experience of the architecture of this building. It emphasizes the cross sectional shape of the building, and finishes the long fa?ade of the building, which starts as a fa?ade and slowly becomes roof.

        The construction (pine) and cladding (Western Red Cedar) are made of wood. Only the curved girders are made of steel. This was done to emphasize the tube-like shape of the interior, which would have been less strong using twice as high wooden girders. The tube has three strategically placed daylight openings, of which one is close to the floor level, so people can look inside even when the building is closed. All vertical walls in the stable and office are clad with beech plywood.

        The stable is designed to make it possible for the public or school classes to visit the building and experience the keeping of sheep up close. At one end of the building, on the second floor, a room for the shepherd and a small office is realised. There are sleeping facilities for the shepherd, who has to stay overnight in case any sheep are lambing. Work in and around the stable will be done by, amongst others, people who live with a mental social or psychiatric disability, supervised by the shepherd.

        Apart from the public function, the Muslim community will be able to buy the lambs they need for yearly ritual purposes.

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