精彩導(dǎo)讀

人類對(duì)環(huán)境的污染，正以不知不覺的方式進(jìn)行。人類可能將面臨一個(gè)沒有鳥、蜜蜂和蝴蝶的寂靜世界。本文節(jié)選自《寂靜的春天》，以寓言開頭向我們描繪了一個(gè)美麗村莊的突變，并從植物到地區(qū)到人類自身，全方位地揭示了化學(xué)農(nóng)藥的危害。作者借此向世人發(fā)出警告，要人們立即認(rèn)識(shí)到可能會(huì)面臨的巨大災(zāi)難，并采取行動(dòng)保護(hù)環(huán)境。Pre-reading

Spring is a time when everything thrives.It is a lively and hopeful season.What does the author mean by describing it to be silent？

There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings.The town lay in the midst of prosperous farms， where， in spring， white clouds of flowers above the green fields.In autumn，oak and maple and birch（樺樹）set up a blaze （火焰）of color that flamed and flickered（閃爍）across a background of pines.Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields.

Along the roads，wildflowers delighted the traveler's eye through much of the year.Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty，where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow.The countryside was， in fact， famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life，and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and fall people traveled from great distances to observe them.Others came to fish the streams，which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady（成蔭的）pools where trout （鮭魚）lay.So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses， sank their wells， and built their barns（谷倉）.

Then some evil spells（符咒）settled on the community:mysteriousdiseasessweptthe flockso chickens;the cattle and sheep sickened and died.In the town the doctors were more and more puzzled b new kinds of sickness appearing among their patients.There had been several sudden and unexplained deaths，not only among adults but even among children.

There was a strange stillness.The birds，for example—where had they gone?The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted.The few birds seen anywhere trembled violently and could not fly.It was a spring without voices;there was now no sound only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh.

The roadsides， once so attractive， were now lined with browned and withered （枯萎的）plant as though swept by fire.There deserted by all living things， it,too， was silent.Even the streams were now lifeless.Anglers（釣魚者）no longer visited them，for all the fish had died.

Some weeks before,a white powder had fallen like snow upon the roofs and the lawns，the fields and streams.

No witchcraft（魔法），no enemy action had silenced the rebirth of new life in this,in this stricken world.The people had done it themselves.

This town does not actually exist.I know of no community that has experienced all the misfortunes describe.Yet every one of these disasters has actually happened somewhere，and many real communities have already suffered a substantial number o them，and this imagined tragedy may easily become a harsh reality we all shall know.

立意呈現(xiàn)

Read the passage and complete the form.One word for each blank.

【點(diǎn)石成金】對(duì)比手法在科普性說明文章中有著廣泛的運(yùn)用，對(duì)比包括數(shù)據(jù)的對(duì)比，觀點(diǎn)和看法的對(duì)比，和不同現(xiàn)象的對(duì)比等。在本文中，作者采用小鎮(zhèn)被污染前和被污染后呈現(xiàn)的植物、動(dòng)物和人的巨大改變對(duì)比描述，有效地傳遞了作者要強(qiáng)調(diào)的信息，突出了人類濫用化學(xué)藥品的巨大危害，使文章具有一種強(qiáng)大的震撼力量。同學(xué)們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)提煉這樣的變化特點(diǎn)，感受污染的巨大危害性和環(huán)保的重要性。

閱讀掃障

Ⅰ.熟詞生義

Ⅱ.熱詞積累

Vocabulary

1.prosperous adj.booming;promising； （of plants）growing well繁榮的

2.delight v.give pleasure to or be pleasing to使高興

3.abundance n.the property of a more than adequate quantity or supply充足；豐富

4.raise v.to cause，produce，raise建立；修建

5.sweep v.spread rapidly在……迅速傳播

6.tremble v.shake slightly because of fright or cold發(fā)抖；打顫；擔(dān)心；恐懼

7.misfortune n.something unpleasant or unlucky that happens to someone不幸；災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍

8.suffer v.undergo or be subjected to遭受；經(jīng)歷

Phrases

1.in the heart of在……中央

2.in harmony with與……和諧相處

3.set up建立；修建

4.feed on以……為食；以……為能源

5.pour though流入；涌入

6.settle on停歇在；棲于

7.be puzzled by被……所困惑；被……所迷惑

8.as though好像；仿佛

9.a substantial number of多種

10.a harsh reality殘酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)

Ⅲ.難句分析

1.There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings.The town lay in the midst of prosperous farms， where， in spring， white clouds of flowers above the green fields.從前，在美國(guó)中部有一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)，這里的一切生物看來與其周圍環(huán)境生活得很和諧。這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)坐落在繁榮的農(nóng)場(chǎng)中央。春天，繁花像白色的云朵點(diǎn)綴在綠色的原野上。

本句是There be句型，其中包含where引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)定語從句，分別修飾“a town”和“The town”。 先行詞是表示“地點(diǎn)”或任何含有“抽象地點(diǎn)意義”的名詞時(shí)一般用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。

2.In autumn，oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a background of pines.Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields.秋天到了，橡樹、楓樹和樺樹色彩斑斕，在一片松樹林間火焰般地燃燒與跳躍。狐貍在小山上叫著，小鹿靜悄悄地穿過了籠罩著秋天晨霧的原野。

首句是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾名詞color。flamed and flickered意為“燃燒與跳躍”，采用的是英語押頭韻的修辭手法，類似的還有pride and prejudice（傲慢與偏見），safe and sound （平平安安），now o never（機(jī)不可失，失不再來）。押頭韻的修辭手法一般在詩歌、散文、廣告、演講等文體中應(yīng)用廣泛。此處使用“flamed and flickered”能使語言讀起來更具有音韻美，借此比喻橡樹、楓樹和樺樹色彩斑斕，更加突出了以前小鎮(zhèn)的秋天美感，更具有畫面感了。第2句中的barked和silently為一動(dòng)和一靜的效果，分別描寫狐貍的叫喚聲和小鹿靜靜穿過原野的動(dòng)作。

主題應(yīng)用·語庫構(gòu)建

Ⅰ.熱詞積累

save water節(jié)約用水

turn off the lights/taps關(guān)燈/關(guān)掉水龍頭

plant more trees and flowers多種花草樹木

protect drinking water保護(hù)飲用水

pick up some rubbish撿起垃圾

reduce pollution and waste減少污染和浪費(fèi)

keep clean and tidy保持清潔

more and more beautiful越來越漂亮

make full use of充分利用

the shared bikes共享單車

Car-free Day無車日

World Environment Day世界環(huán)境日

renewable resource recycling可再生資源回收

Ⅱ.美句背誦

保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性

1.With the development of our society，energy in the world becomes more and more limited，so it is quite important for us to save energy and to protec our environment.

隨著我們社會(huì)的發(fā)展，世界能源變得越來越有限因此節(jié)約能源，保護(hù)環(huán)境對(duì)我們而言尤為重要。

2.We have only one earth.So it is necessary to protect our natural environment.We must take steps immediately to protect our earth.

我們只有一個(gè)地球，所以保護(hù)我們的自然環(huán)境很有必要。我們必須立即行動(dòng)起來，保護(hù)我們的地球。

3.Particular emphasis should be put on the preservation of natural resources.

我們必須重視保護(hù)自然資源。

4.We all need clear air to breathe;we all need clean water to drink;we all need green places to enjoy.

我們都需要呼吸新鮮的空氣，我們都需要飲用潔凈的水，我們都需要享受綠地。

5.I think that it is of vital importance for people to realize that they are an integral part of nature，the destruction of which means the dying out of themselves.

人類必須認(rèn)識(shí)到自己是自然的一部分，自然的毀滅也意味著人類自身的滅亡。我認(rèn)為這是非常非常重要的

6.The polluted air does great harm to people's

natural disaster自然災(zāi)害

drought旱災(zāi)

flood水災(zāi)

air/water/noise pollution空氣污染/水污染/噪音污染

waste water廢水

white pollution白色污染

acid rain酸雨

Greenhouse Effect溫室效應(yīng)

smog and haze霧霾

endangered wildlife瀕危野生動(dòng)物

be seriously polluted嚴(yán)重被污染

cut down the trees砍伐樹木

disposable chopsticks一次性筷子

throw away rubbish everywhere到處亂扔垃圾

plastic bags塑料袋

die out滅絕

environmental protection/conservation環(huán)境保護(hù)

conserve natural habitats保護(hù)生存環(huán)境

enhance the awareness of environmental protection

提高環(huán)保意識(shí)

maintain ecological balance保持生態(tài)平衡

nature reserve自然保護(hù)區(qū)

sustainable development strategy可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略

pleasant living environment宜人的生活環(huán)境

save energy節(jié)能

greening space綠化面積

landscape風(fēng)景

natural scenery自然風(fēng)光

tourist attraction旅游勝地

reduce greenhouse gas emission減排

environment-friendly product環(huán)保產(chǎn)品

garbage classification垃圾分類

bring the pollution under control治理環(huán)境污染

recycle paper and books再利用紙張和書籍

take measures采取措施

low-carbon life低碳生活

make contributions to protecting the environment

為環(huán)保做貢獻(xiàn)

beauty of the nature大自然之美

save energy節(jié)約能源health.The polluted water causes diseases and death.

污染的空氣對(duì)人類的健康十分有害。污染的水引起疾病，造成死亡。

7.Water and land are our heritage and ultimate wealth.

綠水青山，就是金山銀山。

8.There is a grand task to perform and a long way to go.

任重而道遠(yuǎn)。

忽視環(huán)境保護(hù)的后果

1.We are living in the world of pollution.There are many kinds of pollution around us，such as water pollution and air pollution...

現(xiàn)在我們生活在一個(gè)污染的世界里。我們身邊就有各種污染，如水污染和空氣污染……

2.Many kinds of fishes have been dead because of the serious water pollution.

許多魚因?yàn)閲?yán)重的水污染而死亡。

3.The flood washed away our farmland.The river is not clean any more.

洪水沖毀了我們的農(nóng)田。河水不再清澈。

4.Where are those green hills and nice water?那些青山綠水都哪兒去了？

5.The problem of air pollution becomes even more serious.

空氣污染問題變得更加嚴(yán)重。

6.The more plastic bags we use，the more likely we are to suffer in health.

使用的塑料袋越多，對(duì)我們的健康越不利。

7.Once a car starts，it releases huge amount of dirty gas and heat，which leads to great pollution and results in Greenhouse Effect.

一旦汽車起動(dòng)，它釋放大量的尾氣和熱量，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致很大的污染和溫室效應(yīng)。

8.Water is one of the most needed and exposed substances in our daily life，but it is now also precious.

水是我們?nèi)粘Ｗ钚枰?，也是接觸最多的物質(zhì)之一，然而如今水也變得珍貴了。

保護(hù)環(huán)境的措施和方法

1.More regulations should be made and carried out by authorities concerned to punish environmental damage.In addition，individuals must work together to create sustainable surroundings.

有關(guān)部門需要制定更多的法規(guī)，并將其貫徹實(shí)施，以懲罰破壞環(huán)境的行為。另外，人們應(yīng)該共同努力，來創(chuàng)建一個(gè)可持續(xù)的環(huán)境。

2.Our government should take a leading role in raising public awareness of the environment and encouraging participation in its protection.

我們的政府應(yīng)該起帶頭作用，增強(qiáng)公眾環(huán)保意識(shí)并鼓勵(lì)他們參與環(huán)保。

3.There is still a long way to go for environmental conservation，since it needs time to sink in life before all the people autonomously have the awareness of protecting environment and apply it into routine life.

環(huán)保的路仍然很長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)樵谒械娜俗灾鞯鼐哂协h(huán)保意識(shí)并在日常生活中去實(shí)踐以前，環(huán)保還需要時(shí)間去滲透于生活之中。

4.Do not throw rubbish onto the ground.Do no waste water.Use both sides of paper when you write.Stop using plastic bags for shopping.

不要扔垃圾在地上。不要浪費(fèi)水。當(dāng)你寫字時(shí)在紙的兩面都要寫。停止使用塑料袋購物。

5.My suggestion is that we should ride bikes more often instead of driving cars.By riding a bike，we can not only exercise our body but also protec our environment.

我的建議是我們應(yīng)該更經(jīng)常騎自行車而不是開車。騎自行車不僅能鍛煉身體，也能保護(hù)環(huán)境。

6.We can turn off the lights as well as other appliances when we are not using them.

當(dāng)我們不用電燈以及其他電器時(shí)就可以關(guān)掉它們。

7.I will try to use things that can be recycled and I never forget to turn off the lights when I leave the classroom.

我將嘗試使用可以回收的東西，當(dāng)我離開教室時(shí)我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記關(guān)燈。

【熱點(diǎn)跟蹤】

環(huán)境是當(dāng)今社會(huì)的一個(gè)核心話題，保護(hù)校園環(huán)境是每一位師生共同的責(zé)任和義務(wù)。然而，現(xiàn)在的校園中隨意涂寫（to scribble）和亂扔垃圾（to litter）的現(xiàn)象卻屢見不鮮。請(qǐng)寫一篇150字左右的作文，概括現(xiàn)象，談?wù)勀愕目捶?，并提出改善的建議。

【規(guī)范寫作】