江蘇徐州七中 彭向梅

悅讀貼士

本刊所有文章中注釋的詞匯均為非課標(biāo)詞匯，無須記憶與理解;在文后注釋的詞匯為課標(biāo)詞匯，建議同學(xué)們將后者整理為詞匯掌中寶，以便隨帶隨記。

Step 1感知·閱讀導(dǎo)航

話題導(dǎo)入

有一位父親蹣跚越過鐵道，只為送兒子去北京求學(xué)。后來，兒子成了文學(xué)家，并著文《背影》以紀(jì)念拳拳父愛。

有一位母親總是默默無語，只為兒子傾其所有。后來，兒子成了著名作家，寫出了《我與地壇》等多部文學(xué)作品，感動了無數(shù)人。

有一位父親善良而睿智，只為患了小兒麻痹癥的兒子偷偷澆灌幼苗，由此賦予兒子健全的人格和樂觀的態(tài)度。后來，兒子成了美國歷史上最偉大的總統(tǒng)之一。

斯人已去。很多時候我們已無法說出這些閃耀著人性光輝的父親抑或母親的名字，但他們兒子的名字讓我們記憶猶新：朱自清、史鐵生，還有富蘭克林·羅斯福。

生命如一棵樹。是什么讓幼苗經(jīng)歷風(fēng)雨，長成參天大樹？讓我們一起開啟閱讀時光，在文字中感悟和尋找什么才是生命最好的養(yǎng)料，我們又該如何報答那些參與我們生命成長的人。

全文詞數(shù)410，難度適中，但意味雋永，建議用時7分鐘。

閱讀立意

閱讀時應(yīng)達(dá)到以下四個基本目標(biāo)：

1.分析記敘文中情節(jié)的推動——開端、發(fā)展與結(jié)果；

2.體會并掌握順序的寫作手法，以時間先后順序的關(guān)鍵詞為線索的段落開展方式；

3.在同一話題中，采用讀后續(xù)寫的方式完成讀寫結(jié)合和能力的提升；

4.素養(yǎng)構(gòu)建，學(xué)會表達(dá)愛與感恩。

A little boy almost thought of himself as the most unfortunate child in the world because poliomyelitis（小兒麻痹癥）made his leg lame.He seldom played with his classmates；and when the teacher asked him to answer questions,he always lowered his head without a word.

One spring,the boy’s father asked for some saplings（樹苗）from the neighbor.He wanted to plant them in front of the house.He told his children to plant a sapling each person.The father said to the children,“Whose sapling grows best,I will buy him or her a favorite gift.” The boy also wanted to get his father’s gift.But seeing his brothers and sisters carrying water to water the trees happily,anyhow,he hit upon an idea—he hoped the tree he planted would die soon.So after watering it once or twice,he never attended to it.

一個小男孩幾乎認(rèn)為自己是世界上最不幸的孩子，因為小兒麻痹癥使他腿腳行動不便。他很少跟同學(xué)們玩耍，老師叫他回答問題時，他也總是低著頭一言不發(fā)。

一年春天，小男孩的父親從鄰居家討了些樹苗，他想把它們栽在房前。他叫孩子們每人種一棵。父親對孩子們說:“誰栽的樹苗長得最好，我就給誰買一件最喜歡的禮物?！毙∧泻⒁蚕氲玫礁赣H的禮物，但是看到兄弟姐妹們快活地提著水去澆樹，不知怎么回事，他萌生了一個想法：他希望自己栽的樹苗早日死去。因此他澆水一兩次后，就再也沒去照管小樹苗了。

幾天后，小男孩再去看他種的樹苗時，他驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)它不僅沒有枯萎，而且還長出了一些新葉，并且與他哥哥姐姐種的樹相比，他的樹顯得更加翠綠、更有生氣。父親兌現(xiàn)了他的諾言，為小男孩買了一件他最喜歡的禮物，并告訴他:從他栽的樹來看，他長大后一定能成為一名出色的植物學(xué)家。

從那以后，小男孩慢慢變得樂觀起來。一天晚上，小男孩躺在床上睡不著，望著窗外明亮的月光，突然想起生物老師說過植物一般都在晚上生長。何不去看看自己種的那棵小樹呢?他輕手輕腳地來到院子里的時候，卻看見父親正用勺子在自己栽種的那棵樹下潑灑著什么。頓時，他一切都明白了，原來父親一直在偷偷地為自己栽種的樹苗施肥!他返回房間后，止不住淚流滿面。

幾十年過去了，小男孩并沒有成為植物學(xué)家，卻成了美國總統(tǒng)。他的名字叫富蘭克林·羅斯福。

愛是生命最好的養(yǎng)料，哪怕只是一勺清水，它都能使生命之樹茁壯成長。也許那棵樹是那樣不起眼，也許還弱不禁風(fēng)，甚至還有些枯萎，但只要有愛的養(yǎng)料孕育，它就能枝繁葉茂，甚至長成參天大樹。

A few days later,when the little boy went to see his tree again,he was surprised to find it not only didn’t wilt （枯萎）,but also grew some fresh leaves,and compared with the trees of his brothers and sisters,his appeared greener and more vital.His father kept his promise,bought the little boy his favorite gift and said to him—from the tree he planted,he would become an outstanding botanist when he grew up.

Since then,the little boy slowly became optimistic.One night,the little boy lay on the bed but couldn’t sleep.Looking at the bright moonlight outside the window,he suddenly recalled what the biology teacher once said—plants generally grow at night.Why not go to see the tree?When he came to the courtyard on tiptoe,he found his father was splashing （潑灑）something under his tree with a ladle(長柄勺).All of a sudden,he understood his father had been secretly fertilizing （施肥）his small tree!He returned to his room,tears running down his face without restraint（約束力）.

Decades passed.The little boy didn’t become a botanist,but he was elected President of the United States.His name was Franklin Roosevelt.

Love is the best nourishment of life;even if it is just one ladleful of clear water,it can make the tree of life thrive （興盛）.Maybe that tree is inconspicuous（不明顯的）;perhaps that the tree is so thin,and even some withered （枯萎的）,but as long as there is nourishment of love,it can flourish and even grow into towering trees.

Step 2 實踐·文本解讀

Ⅰ.熱詞積累

Vocabulary

1.lame adj.unable to walk well because of an injury to the leg or foot瘸的；跛的

2.optimistic adj.expecting good things to happen or sth to be successful;showing this feeling樂觀的；抱樂觀看法的

3.recall v.to remember sth記起；回憶起；回想起

4.elect v.to choose sb to do a particular job by voting for them選舉；推選

5.nourishment n.food that is needed to stay alive,grow and stay healthy營養(yǎng)

6.flourish v.to grow well;to be healthy and happy茁壯成長；健康幸福

Phrases

1.hit upon an idea萌生一想法

2.attend to照料；護(hù)理；處理

3.compare with（把……）與……相比

4.keep one's promise信守諾言

5.an outstanding botanist杰出的植物學(xué)家

6.all of a sudden突然地；突如其來地；猛然地

Ⅱ.一句多譯

一個小男孩幾乎認(rèn)為自己是世界上最不幸的孩子，因為小兒麻痹癥使他的腿跛了。

A little boy almost thought of himself as the most unfortunate child in the world because poliomyelitis made his leg lame.

→A little boy almost the most unfortunate child in the world because poliomyelitis made his leg lame.

【答案】considered/treated/saw/viewed himself as

立意呈現(xiàn)

Ⅰ.Fast reading to get the basic structure of the text.（One word for one blank）

B e g i n n i n g A l i t t l e b o y a l m o s t t h o u g h t o f h i m s e l f a s t h e m o s t 1. c h i l d i n t h e w o r l d d u e t o h i s 2. .D e v e l o p m e n t T h e b o y’s f a t h e r h e l p e d t h e b o y r e b u i l d c o n f i d e n c e a n d b e c o m e 3.w i t h d e e p l o v e.4.T h e l i t t l e b o y w a s e l e c t e d P r e s i d e n t o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s w i t h l o v e.

Ⅱ.Careful reading to complete the time list of the event.

Surprisingly,the tree of the boy was the best,and his father predicted that he would become an outstanding botanistwhen the boy grew up.

A.The father promised that any child whose sapling grew best could get a favorite gift,but the boy gave up on the half way.

B.The little boy was elected President of the United States with the best nourishment of love.

C.Since then

D.The little boy slowly became optimistic and finally found the secret that his father had been fertilizing his small tree for a long time.

【點石成金】分析記敘文的方法很多，可以從六要素，即時間、地點、人物、事件起因、發(fā)展和結(jié)果分析；也可以從環(huán)境、人物和內(nèi)容分析。而本文共六段，有非常明顯的開端、發(fā)展、結(jié)果三段結(jié)構(gòu)。在發(fā)展部分又是典型的時間順序手法，值得關(guān)注。

Ⅲ.Deep reading to understand the title.

1.What’s the function of the title？

2.What’s the function of the last paragraph？

Step 3 運用·讀寫整合

1.凸顯文本特點

本文語篇結(jié)構(gòu)非常清晰，包括開端、發(fā)展和結(jié)尾三大部分。發(fā)展段基于時間關(guān)鍵詞銜接展開。縮寫語篇時，只要我們能關(guān)注宏觀的段落結(jié)構(gòu)和發(fā)展部分的時間點，即可達(dá)成縮寫目標(biāo)。這樣的行文特點，同學(xué)們可以進(jìn)行筆記積累。2.讀寫任務(wù)

（1）語篇縮寫

A little boy almost thought of himself as the most unfortunate child in the world due to his disease.One spring,________________________________________.A few days later,__________________________.Since then, _________________________.Decades passed._________________________.As is revealed in the text,（主旨）___________________________________________________________________________________.

（2）讀后續(xù)寫

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。

“CanIseemybaby?”thehappynewmotherasked.

She moved the fold of cloth to look upon his tiny face； she gasped （喘息）.The doctor turned quickly and looked out of the tall hospital window.The sad fact was that the baby had been born without ears.

Time proved that the baby’s hearing was perfect.It was only his appearance that was ruined.When he rushed home from school one day and flung（投進(jìn)） himself into his mother’s arms,she sighed,knowing that his life was to be a succession of heartbreaks.

He blurted （脫口而出）out the tragedy.“A boy,a big boy...called me a freak （怪物）.”

He grew up,handsome for his misfortune.A favorite with his fellow classmates,he might have been class president,but for that.He developed a talent for literature and music.

“But you might mingle with （交際） other young people,”his mother scolded him,but felt a kindness in her heart.

The boy’s father had a session with the family physician， “Could nothing be done?”

“I believe I could operate on a pair of outer ears,if they could be accessible,”the doctor decided.Therefore,the search began for a person who would make such a sacrifice for a young man.

Two years went by.One day,his father said to the son, “You’re going to the hospital,son.Mother and I have someone who will donate the ears you need.But it’s a secret.”

The operation was a brilliant success,and a new person turned up.His talents blossomed into genius,and school and college became a series of triumphs（勝利）.

Later he married and entered the diplomatic service.One day,he asked his father,“Who gave me the ears?Who gave me so much?I could never do enough for him or her.”

“I do not believe you could,” said the father,“but the agreement was that you are not to know...not yet.”注意：

1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.應(yīng)使用5個以上短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語；3.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；4.續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語。Paragraph 1:

The years kept their profound secret,but the day did come.

Paragraph 2:

Shocked and moved,the son burst into tears.【文本分析】

快讀文章，理清文章脈絡(luò)，并完成細(xì)節(jié)填空，每空一詞。

【故事情節(jié)預(yù)測】

1.What’s the secret?

2.What changed the boy’s life and made him burst into tears?

3.What would happen to the mother?

【故事主旨推測】

It’s the mother’s love that really makes a difference.

【嘗試寫作】

Paragraph 1:

The years kept their profound secret,but the day did come.

Paragraph 2:

Shocked and moved,the son burst into tears.

Step 4 提升·素養(yǎng)建構(gòu)

父母的愛，如涓涓細(xì)流，柔柔地縈繞心間；父母的愛，無私無言，默默地陪伴一生。而在詩歌中，父母的愛也是永恒主題之一。下面精選一首詩，一首歌。詩簡潔，朗朗上口，言說媽媽的愛。歌曲I Love You This Much，是由有“美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂王子”之稱的歌手Jimmy Wayne演唱的，演繹了別樣的父子情。Wayne出生在一個破碎的家庭，自幼被生父遺棄，過著顛沛流離、寄人籬下的艱辛生活。直到2001年，年屆而立之年的他進(jìn)入鄉(xiāng)村音樂界發(fā)展后才取得成功。正是受Jimmy Wayne本身的經(jīng)歷影響，他歌中對親情的渴盼才那樣真摯細(xì)膩、令人動容，歌曲深處能觸及寬容與豁達(dá)——相信自己從不孤單，相信父親也在以一種不同的方式愛著他。

而敘事手法上，解說mother的詞，以詮釋首字母開展，簡潔明快；而講述思父之情的I Love You This Much，用歌詞講述了一個故事。暗含的時間事件線，伴隨作者的經(jīng)歷和情感的變化。反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的揭示主題的——我對你的愛有這么多，循環(huán)推進(jìn)主題。

【媽媽的解說】

M is for the things she gave me.

O means she grows old.

T is for the tears.

H is her heart.

E is for eyes.

R means right and right always be.

Mother’s love is like a circle.

It has no beginning and no ending.

Mother,what a nice word,what a great name?I love you so much.

【對父親的愛】

I Love You This Much Jimmy Wayne

He can’t remember他已經(jīng)記不清

The times that he thought,有多少次他這樣忖度：

“Does my Daddy love me?”“父親是不是愛我？”

“Probably not.”“或許不愛吧。 ”

That didn’t stop him但這未曾阻止他

From wishing that he did.希冀父親愛過。

Didn’t keep him from wanting未曾阻止他對父親的渴盼

Or worshiping him.與崇拜。

He guesses he saw him,他模糊地記得見過他，

About once a year.一年大概一次罷了。

He could still feel the way he felt,昔日的情景，他仍能感同身受

Standing in tears,茫然佇立，眼淚在流，

Stretching his arms out他極力向遠(yuǎn)方，

As far as they’d go,伸出雙手，

And whispering,喃喃地說：

“Daddy I want you to know...“爸爸，希望你能知道……

I love you this much.我如此愛你。

And I’m waiting on you， 我一直在等你，

To make up your mind.確定地回答我。

Do you love me too?你也愛我嗎？

However long it takes,無論等待多久，

I’m never giving up.我都不會放棄。

No matter what,無論答案如何，

I love you this much.我如此愛你。

……

解說mother的詞，以詮釋首字母開展，簡潔明快；而講述思父之情的I Love You This Much，以歌詞講述一個故事，始終以時間事件線推動情節(jié)發(fā)展。從模糊記得父親，到作者逐漸長大，再到父親的葬禮，伴隨作者的情感變化。每一章節(jié)，反復(fù)出現(xiàn)揭示主題的 “I love you this much.And I’m waiting on you...” 的自我追問，重復(fù)循環(huán)，升華主題，和本文《生命最好的養(yǎng)料》結(jié)構(gòu)和敘事手法有異曲同工之妙。