北京 楊 嵐

■方法簡(jiǎn)介

簡(jiǎn)化賓語從句,是同學(xué)們平時(shí)練習(xí)句型轉(zhuǎn)換的一個(gè)非常重要的項(xiàng)目。現(xiàn)將賓語從句的簡(jiǎn)化方法及應(yīng)注意的問題做如下歸納,供大家參考。

一、改為“動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)”形式

在hope,forget,promise,decide等動(dòng)詞之后,由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以用動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)來簡(jiǎn)化。例如：

1.The man decided thathe should stop smoking. →

The man decided to stop smoking. 這個(gè)男人決定戒煙。

2.Mr.Wang hoped that he could see you soon.→

Mr.Wang hoped to see you soon.王先生希望不久能見到你。

【特別提醒】

在某些動(dòng)詞如seem之后的句子盡管可以用動(dòng)詞不定式或者不定式短語來簡(jiǎn)化,但句型要適當(dāng)調(diào)整一下。例如：

It seemed that the boy won the match.→

The boy seemed to win the match.看上去這個(gè)男孩贏了這場(chǎng)比賽。

二、改為“連接代（副）詞 +動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)”形式

在show,tell,know,teach,find out,learn等動(dòng)詞之后,由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以簡(jiǎn)化成連接代詞或連接副詞加動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）。例如：

1.He taught us how we should write the composition.→

He taught us how to write the composition.他教我們?nèi)绾螌戇@篇作文。

2.I don't know how I should answer this question.→

I don't know how to answer this question.我不知道該如何回答這個(gè)問題。

【特別提醒】

有些帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞,其后的賓語從句也可以用連接代（副）詞加動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）來簡(jiǎn)化。例如：

The dictionary didn't tell him how he should pronounce the word.→

The dictionary didn't tell him how to pronounce the word.這本詞典沒有告訴他怎樣讀這個(gè)詞。

三、改為“it+形容詞 +動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)”形式

當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是it（it在從句中作形式主語）時(shí),可用形式賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)來簡(jiǎn)化從句。例如：

1.I found that it was very important to learn English well.→

I found that it very important to learn English well.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語很重要。

2. I feel it is difficult to see this man. →

I feel it difficult to see this man. 我感覺見到這個(gè)人是困難的。

四、改為“(介詞+)動(dòng)名詞(短語)”形式

在某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句,可以用動(dòng)名詞(短語）來簡(jiǎn)化。例如：

1.She insisted that she should stay at home.→

She insisted on staying at home.她堅(jiān)持待在家里。

2.I remember that I have told her the truth. →

I remember telling her the truth. 我記得我把真相告訴了她。

五、改為“賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)”形式

在hear,watch,see,notice,find等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句,可以用現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）來簡(jiǎn)化。例如：

1.We saw that a wallet was lying on the floor just now.→

We saw a wallet lying on the floor just now.剛才我們看見了地上有一個(gè)錢包。

2.Did you notice anyone was standing in front of the tree?→

Did you notice anyone standing in front of the tree?你注意到有人正站在那棵樹前面嗎？

六、改為過去分詞或過去分詞短語

某些賓語從句可以用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^去分詞（短語）來簡(jiǎn)化。例如：

1.Soon they found that the ground was covered with thick snow.→

Soon they found the ground covered with thick snow.他們很快發(fā)現(xiàn)地面被厚厚的積雪覆蓋。

2.The teacher found that the boy was very interested in math.→

The teacher found the boy very interested in math.老師發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)男孩對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)很感興趣。

七、改為“名詞（短語）”形式

某些由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,可以用適當(dāng)?shù)摹懊~（短語）”形式來代替賓語從句。例如：

1.I'll take back what I said. →

I'll take back my words. 我將收回我的話。

2.Could you tell us how we can get to the museum? →

Could you tell us the way to the museum?你能告訴我們?nèi)ゲ┪镳^的路嗎？

總之,簡(jiǎn)化賓語從句時(shí),應(yīng)視每個(gè)句子的具體情況而變,注意介詞的適當(dāng)添加、連接代(副)詞的準(zhǔn)確使用、非謂語動(dòng)詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換,以及人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和邏輯的一致等。

■效果反饋

根據(jù)上句完成下句,使兩句的意思基本一致。每空一詞。

1.I forget I have closed the window this morning.

I forget______the window this morning.

2.Linda hopes she will be back very soon.

Linda hopes____________back very soon.

3.I think it is necessary for us to read a lot.

I think____________for us to read a lot.

4.I can't decide which one I should choose.

I can't decide which one____________.

5.I heard my name was called.

I heard my name______.

6.The poor boy doesn't know when he was born.

The poor boy doesn't know____________of his birth.

(答案見64頁)