黑龍江 佟廣娜
句型轉(zhuǎn)換指的是句子類別的轉(zhuǎn)換,主要從時態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱、數(shù)的變化,以及特殊疑問詞的用法和詞語意思等方面進行命題,旨在考查考生對所學的詞匯(同義詞或反義詞)、短語、句型和語法等在語言表達與知識運用方面的能力。該類題型的形式是根據(jù)所給的句型,按照漢語要求或提示完成另一個英語句子。
做好句型轉(zhuǎn)換題,考生必須對所學的語法知識、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和詞形變化等做到概念清楚,運用準確。這類題型雖然形式多樣,但大體可以分為條件型句型轉(zhuǎn)換和同義型句型轉(zhuǎn)換兩大類。
按條件進行句型轉(zhuǎn)換的題型,要求按照每道題后括號內(nèi)指定的要求將原句改寫成其他形式的句子,待填寫的單詞處已經(jīng)給出相應(yīng)的空白,一般每個空白處填寫一個單詞。
陳述句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?,就是把be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞置于主語之前,句子變?yōu)橐蓡栒Z序,句號改為問號。第一人稱通常變?yōu)榈诙朔Q,something在一般情況下變?yōu)閍nything。
(1)陳述句的謂語部分含有be動詞、助動詞have/has/had/will/shall或情態(tài)動詞,直接把這類動詞提到主語之前,同時將標點與大小寫做相應(yīng)變化即可。例如:
①They are interested in science fictions.
________________interested in science fictions? 【2017·濟南模擬題】
②People will use robots more and more in the future life.
_______people________robots moreand more in the future life? 【2017·孝感中考題】
③There must be something wrong with my computer.
Must there be________wrong with________computer? 【2016·烏魯木齊中考題】
【參考答案】①Are they ②Will;use ③anything;your
(2)陳述句的謂語動詞是實義動詞,時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時,要根據(jù)主語的人稱和數(shù)的情況在句首加助動詞。一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)加Do(主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時,要加Does,實義動詞改為原形);一般過去時態(tài)加Did,實義動詞改為原形。例如:
①George wants to be a tour guide at the Bund for foreign visitors.
________George________to be a tour guide at the Bund for foreign visitors? 【2016·上海中考題】
②This pen he bought yesterday works very well.
_______this pen he bought yesterday________very well? 【2016·達州中考題】
③My father got up at six o’clock this morning.
________your father________up at six o’clock this morning?
【參考答案】①Does;want ②Does;work ③Did;get
(1)肯定句的謂語部分含be動詞、助動詞have/has/had/will/shall或情態(tài)動詞,直接在這類動詞后面添加否定詞not(有時not可以與這些詞以縮寫形式出現(xiàn))。例如:
①Mobile APPs will be helpful to English study.
Mobile APPs________________be helpful to English study. 【2016·濟南中考題】
②Mr.Hu is having a rest in his bedroom.
Mr.Hu________________having a rest in his bedroom. 【2017·重慶中考題】
③There are many old people exercising in the park now.
There______________many old people exercising in the park now. 【2017·重慶中考題】
【參考答案】①will not ②is not ③are not
(2)肯定句的謂語動詞是實義動詞,時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時,要根據(jù)主語的人稱和數(shù)的情況在實義動詞之前加助動詞。一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)加don’t(主語為第三人稱單數(shù)形式,加doesn’t,實義動詞改為原形);一般過去時態(tài)加didn’t,實義動詞改為原形。例如:
①Li Lin listens to English on the radio every day.
Li Lin________________to English on the radio every day. 【2016·重慶中考題】
②He did some work this morning.
He_________do_________work this morning.【2013·四川中考題】
【參考答案】①doesn’t listen ②didn’t;any
(3)含有賓語從句的主從復合句,主句的主語是第一人稱,謂語動詞是think,believe,guess,suppose,expect等時,如果要否定賓語從句,習慣上要否定主句的謂語動詞,即變?yōu)椤癐 don’t think/believe/guess/suppose/expect+賓語從句”形式。例如:
I think it will snow tomorrow.
I________think it________snow tomorrow.【2017·龍東模擬題】
【參考答案】don’t;will
(4)在將祈使句變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r,一般應(yīng)在動詞原形之前添加助動詞Don’t。以Let’s或Let us開頭的祈使句,可在其后添加not,也可在其前加Don’t。例如:
①Look at the blackboard,please.
________________at the blackboard,please.
②Let’s go out for a walk.
________________go out for a walk./_______________go out for a walk.
【參考答案】①Don’t look ②Don’t let’s/Let’s not
(5)除將肯定句的謂語部分變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ酵猓€有變其他詞語為否定式的情況,如both改為neither,both...and改為neither...nor,a few改為few,a little改為little,all改為none,always改為 never,含every-的復合不定代詞改為含no-的復合不定代詞等。例如:
①Both Lucy and Mary can speak Japanese very well.
_______Lucy_______Mary can speak Japanese very well. 【2016·綏化中考題】
②He knows everything about your school.【2018·哈爾濱中考預(yù)測題】
He________________about your school.
【參考答案】①Neither;nor ②knows nothing
單復數(shù)句子互換,對應(yīng)句中的名詞、代詞、動詞等能變則變,不能變的要么保留,要么去掉。做好這類題,必須掌握名詞、代詞單復數(shù)的變化規(guī)律,以及動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則等。單數(shù)句中的a/an在變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)句時,要根據(jù)句意將其換為some或any。例如:
Is there a pet dog in your home?
________there_______pet dogs in your home?【2016·孝感中考題】
【參考答案】Are;any
陳述句變?yōu)楦袊@句,首先要確定是用what還是用how來引導這個感嘆句。how作狀語,修飾形容詞、副詞或句子;what作定語,修飾名詞(名詞前可有形容詞或冠詞)。若名詞為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,其前面要加a或an;若為復數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,其前面不用冠詞。例如:
①Mr.Smith is a very kind man.
______________kind man Mr.Smith is!【2016·新疆中考題】
②Our school is beautiful.
______________our school is!【2014·黔南中考題】
【參考答案】①What a ②How beautiful
陳述句變?yōu)榉匆庖蓡柧洌⒁夥匆庖蓡柧涞慕Y(jié)構(gòu)(“肯定陳述句部分+否定的附加問句”或“否定陳述句部分+肯定的附加問句”)。附加問句要重復陳述句的主語(必須用代詞)和have/has/had/will/shall等助動詞或情態(tài)動詞。如陳述句是實義動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時,加助動詞do/does/did。例如:
①It’s a nice day,________?【2015·新疆中考題】
②Mr.Smith and his wife seldom drive their car to work,________________? 【2014·黔南中考題】
③The students enjoy playing football,________________? 【2015·綏化中考題】
【參考答案】①isn’t it ②do they ③don’t they
對畫線部分提問題型的解題方法是確定畫線部分在句子中所做的成分,用合適的疑問詞放在句首代替畫線部分而構(gòu)成特殊疑問句。具體步驟如下:選擇疑問詞——變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洹蓡栐~后加一般疑問句——省略畫線部分——改句號為問號。例如:
①I was studying for the test when the rainstorm came.
________were you________when the rainstorm came? 【2017·孝感中考題】
②The girl bought lots of clothes on the day of Double 11 last year.
______________the girl do on the day of Double 11 last year? 【2016·重慶中考題】
【參考答案】①What;doing ②What did
【注意】如果句中的畫線部分是主語或主語的定語,則可用疑問詞直接替換,原句不必改為一般疑問句的語序。
同義型句型轉(zhuǎn)換就是將所給的句子換個說法,即要求用不同的詞匯、短語或句型表示相同或相近的意思,考查考生對英語詞匯、句型、語法的掌握情況和靈活運用的能力。待填寫的單詞處已經(jīng)給出相應(yīng)的空白,每個空白處往往填寫一個單詞。
詞匯的轉(zhuǎn)換主要包括用詞性相同的同義詞(組)或反義詞(組)相替換、用派生詞或多義詞改寫,以及同一個詞在不同句式中的語序轉(zhuǎn)換等。例如:
①I spent thirty yuan on this ticket.(改為同義句)
I________thirty yuan_______this ticket.【2016·新疆中考題】
②PM 2.5 does harm to people’s health and the environment.(改為同義句)
PM 2.5 is_______________people’s health and the environment. 【2017·上海中考題】
③They are all from America.(改為同義句)
_________________them are from America.【2015·雞西中考題】
④They are in different teams.(改為同義句)
They aren’t in________________team.【2015·白銀中考題】
【參考答案】①paid;for ②bad for/harmful to③All of④the same
用意義相同或相近,但結(jié)構(gòu)不同的兩個簡單句型來表達相同的句子意思。如主、被動語態(tài)的互換、there be與have句型的互換、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時句式的互換、感嘆句之間的互換、陳述句和祈使句的互換、用it作形式主語句式的轉(zhuǎn)換,以及比較級別句式間的互換,等等。例如:
①You shouldn’t drive cars after drinking wine.(改為祈使句)
________________cars after drinking wine.【2016·烏魯木齊中考題】
②I often see him play football after school.(改為被動語態(tài))
He is often_______________play football after school. 【2016·天水中考題】
③My cousin bought a new bike last week.(改為同義句)
My cousin has_______a new bike_______last week. 【2015·孝感中考題】
【參考答案】①Don’t drive ②seen to ③had;since
這類句型的轉(zhuǎn)換形式主要包括兩個簡單句合并為一個復合句、too...to句型與so...that句型的互換、詞組與從句相替代等。例如:
① Let’s discuss when we shall go to the Sea World.(改為同義句)
Let’s discuss_______________go to the Sea World. 【2017·孝感中考題】
②Charlie is so young that he can’t take the underground alone.(改為簡單句)
Charlie is________________to take the underground alone. 【2016·上海中考題】
③She acted well enough to win the hearts of many people.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
She acted______well that she______the hearts of many people. 【2017·哈爾濱中考題】
④Whose schoolbag is on the desk?Father asked.(合并為含有賓語從句的復合句)
Father asked________schoolbag_______on the desk. 【2017·達州中考題】
【參考答案】①when to ②too young ③so;won④whose;was
復合句之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換主要包括after與until兩種時間狀語從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換和賓語從句的改寫等。例如:
①“How do you sell goods at the WeChat shop?”Kevin asked me.(改寫句子,句意不變)
Kevin asked me________I_______goods at the WeChat shop. 【2016·濟南中考題】
②His father went to bed after Dave came back home last night.(改為同義句)
His father________go to bed________Dave came back home last night. 【2016·孝感中考題】
【參考答案】①how;sold ②didn’t;until