董肖龍 胡小榮 陳曉宇
摘要:
基于擾動(dòng)狀態(tài)概念,采用非線性彈性本構(gòu)模型來表征原狀黏性土的相對(duì)完整狀態(tài),將三剪統(tǒng)一強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則與修正劍橋模型相結(jié)合來表征原狀黏性土的完全調(diào)整狀態(tài),提出了飽和原狀黏性土結(jié)構(gòu)性本構(gòu)模型。通過坐標(biāo)平移法確定的破壞應(yīng)力比使所提出模型能夠反映全應(yīng)力狀態(tài)變化下的強(qiáng)度區(qū)間效應(yīng)和拉壓差,也能夠描述黏聚力在土體受力過程中的作用。為驗(yàn)證所提出模型的正確性,以江西原狀飽和紅黏土為試驗(yàn)土樣,做了排水和不排水條件下的常規(guī)三軸壓縮試驗(yàn),將模型計(jì)算結(jié)果與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,結(jié)果表明,所提模型能夠較好地反映江西原狀飽和紅黏土的力學(xué)和變形特性。
關(guān)鍵詞:原狀飽和黏性土;擾動(dòng)狀態(tài);強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則;修正劍橋模型
中圖分類號(hào):TU432
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章編號(hào):16744764(2018)03008608
Abstract:
The tripleshear unified structured constitutive model is proposed for the undisturbed saturated clay in normal consolidation based on the disturbed state concept, in which the relative intact state is characterized by the nonlinear elastic model, and the fully adjusted state is characterized by the elastoplastic model built with the combination of the tripleshear unified failure criterion and the modified Camclay model in the critical state soil mechanics. The coordinate translation is presented to describe the influences of the cohesion on the soil mechanical properties better. The proposed model can overcome the shortcomings of the modified camclay model with the definite failure stress ratio without considering the soil cohesion, which can't reflect the practical differences of strength properties under different stress states and soil cohesion. The advantage is that the new model could show the practical effects under the different stress states acting on the saturated structured clay with different cohesion better. It is shown that it can describe the effects of intermediate principal stress, rang changes of stress and difference between tension and compression. In order to verify the model proposed here, comparisons between the numerical simulations and experimental results under conventional triaxial compression to the Jiangxi undisturbed lateritic clay was made ,which results show that the proposed model could reflect the mechanical and deformation characteristics of the Jiangxi undisturbed lateritic clay well.
Keywords:
undisturbed saturated clay; disturbed state; unified failure criterion; modified Camclay model
針對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)性對(duì)原狀土力學(xué)和變形特性的重要影響,許多研究者采用不同方法提出了各具特色的本構(gòu)模型[18]。其中,基于擾動(dòng)狀態(tài)概念研究方法以其原理簡單、土性參數(shù)易于獲得等優(yōu)點(diǎn)受到研究者的青睞[48],而該方法的關(guān)鍵在于如何表征土的完全調(diào)整狀態(tài)[3]。通常,土體完全調(diào)整狀態(tài)采用重塑土的本構(gòu)模型來表征,如修正劍橋模型等[4,6,8]。但是,修正劍橋模型中的土體破壞應(yīng)力比為定值,不能反映全應(yīng)力狀態(tài)和黏聚力對(duì)土體應(yīng)力應(yīng)變的影響。針對(duì)上述問題,本文將三剪統(tǒng)一強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則[910]與修正劍橋模型相結(jié)合,建立一個(gè)新模型以表征結(jié)構(gòu)性土體的完全調(diào)整狀態(tài)。其中,黏聚力對(duì)土體受力過程的影響通過坐標(biāo)平移法來實(shí)現(xiàn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文根據(jù)擾動(dòng)狀態(tài)理論,以非線性彈性模型來表征土體的相對(duì)完整狀態(tài),以新模型來表征土體的完全調(diào)整狀態(tài),提出飽和黏性土的結(jié)構(gòu)性本構(gòu)模型。該模型可以描述全應(yīng)力狀態(tài)變化下的強(qiáng)度區(qū)間效應(yīng)和拉壓差[11],也可以反映黏聚力在受力過程中對(duì)土體力學(xué)和變形特性的影響。為驗(yàn)證所提出模型的正確性,用江西原狀飽和紅黏土為試驗(yàn)用土,做了排水和不排水條件下的常規(guī)三軸壓縮試驗(yàn),將模型計(jì)算結(jié)果與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了模型的正確性。
2.2土的相對(duì)完整狀態(tài)
相對(duì)完整狀態(tài)下結(jié)構(gòu)性黏土沒有被擾動(dòng),根據(jù)擾動(dòng)理論概念,相對(duì)完整狀態(tài)可以取彈性、塑性或彈塑性模型來描述,甚至可以把土看作剛體[34]??紤]參數(shù)獲取的簡便,選取彈性模型來描述土樣的相對(duì)完整狀態(tài),土體彈性增量矩陣的關(guān)系式為
3原狀飽和黏性土結(jié)構(gòu)性本構(gòu)模型的
試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證
3.1土性參數(shù)的測(cè)定
取用江西原狀飽和土為試驗(yàn)土樣,通過室內(nèi)基本土工試驗(yàn)獲得土粒比重Gs、初始孔隙比e0等土性參數(shù)通過等向固結(jié)試驗(yàn)獲取原狀土的壓縮指數(shù)λi和回彈指數(shù)κi,重塑土的壓縮指數(shù)λc和回彈指數(shù)κc。通過排水和不排水條件下常規(guī)三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)獲取原狀土的Av、Zv、Ad和Zd,獲取重塑土的有效黏聚力c′、內(nèi)摩擦角φ′、泊松比μ。所得土性參數(shù)如表1所示。
3.2常規(guī)三軸試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證
為了驗(yàn)證模型的正確性,將本文所提出模型的計(jì)算結(jié)果與江西飽和原狀紅黏土在排水和不排水條件下的常規(guī)三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)結(jié)果以及等量代換法[12]計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行了比較。
3.2.1排水條件下排水條件下常規(guī)三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果對(duì)比如圖6、圖7所示。
由圖7可知,加載初期土的體應(yīng)變隨軸應(yīng)變的增加逐漸增大,但是,增長切線的斜率逐漸減小并最終趨近于0,圍壓越大體應(yīng)變也越大;坐標(biāo)平移法的結(jié)果更接近試驗(yàn)結(jié)果。
3.2.2不排水條件下不排水條件下常規(guī)三軸壓縮試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果對(duì)比如圖8、圖9所示。
由圖8可知,土的剪應(yīng)力隨著軸向應(yīng)變的增加逐漸增大,但是,增長切線的斜率逐漸減小,圍壓越大剪應(yīng)力也越大;坐標(biāo)平移法的結(jié)果與試驗(yàn)和等量代換法結(jié)果具有一致性。
由圖9可知,土的偏應(yīng)力隨著剪應(yīng)變的增加逐漸增大,并且,增長切線的斜率逐漸減小;坐標(biāo)平移法的結(jié)果與試驗(yàn)和等量代換法結(jié)果具有一致性。
4結(jié)論
1)基于擾動(dòng)狀態(tài)概念,以正常固結(jié)飽和黏性土體為研究對(duì)象,采用非線性彈性本構(gòu)模型表征土的相對(duì)完整狀態(tài),將三剪統(tǒng)一強(qiáng)度準(zhǔn)則與修正劍橋模型相結(jié)合用于表征土的完全調(diào)整狀態(tài),建立飽和黏性土結(jié)構(gòu)性本構(gòu)模型。
2)通過坐標(biāo)平移法得到土的破壞應(yīng)力比,使所提模型能夠反映黏聚力對(duì)土體力學(xué)和變形特性的影響,同時(shí),也能夠描述全應(yīng)力狀態(tài)變化下的應(yīng)力區(qū)間效應(yīng)和拉壓差。
3)對(duì)江西原狀飽和紅黏土作了排水和不排水條件下的常規(guī)三軸壓縮試驗(yàn),對(duì)比了模型計(jì)算結(jié)果與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果和已有研究資料,證明了飽和黏性土結(jié)構(gòu)性本構(gòu)模型在描述江西原狀飽和紅黏土力學(xué)和變形特性時(shí)的正確性。
4)坐標(biāo)平移法在描述土的變形和孔隙水壓力方面與等量代換法相比各有優(yōu)勢(shì),但是二者計(jì)算結(jié)果很接近。
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(編輯王秀玲)