陳寧?于偉?湯婕
海外學(xué)生走進(jìn)來,古老中醫(yī)走出去
5月,美國人達(dá)琳每天一早來到位于杭州的浙江省中醫(yī)院針灸科,跟著自己的中國老師、醫(yī)院針灸科主治醫(yī)師周海江學(xué)習(xí)“望聞問切”。與達(dá)琳一同到省中醫(yī)院學(xué)習(xí)的,還有20余位來自美國芬格湖群針灸與東方醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)生。
除了這批洋學(xué)生,筆者在省中醫(yī)院、浙江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬第三醫(yī)院還見到了不少專程到浙江學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)技術(shù)的國外醫(yī)學(xué)生、醫(yī)生。
實(shí)際上,從上世紀(jì)80年代開始,就有不少外國留學(xué)生慕名來到浙江省學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)技術(shù)。近年來,“一帶一路”倡議的提出和實(shí)施,更是為浙江中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)“走出去”提供了難得的契機(jī),在海外掀起“中醫(yī)熱”。
1999年“浙江省中醫(yī)臨床國際交流中心”在浙江省中醫(yī)院成立,外國留學(xué)生開始進(jìn)行“組團(tuán)式”學(xué)習(xí)?!罢憬≈嗅t(yī)臨床國際交流中心”也承擔(dān)起傳播浙江中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)的重任。
要怎么主動“走出去”?中心的醫(yī)務(wù)人員想到了一個辦法,他們將精心制作好的中醫(yī)推廣小冊子,逐一發(fā)到美國醫(yī)學(xué)院校教師、學(xué)生的電子郵箱里。
達(dá)琳就是回復(fù)電子郵件的人之一。
受家庭環(huán)境影響,達(dá)琳從小就對中國文化有著濃厚的興趣。早在1981年,她就在美國芬格湖群針灸與東方醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī),畢業(yè)后留校任教,并考取了美國醫(yī)師執(zhí)照。1999年,對中國、中醫(yī)和浙江的強(qiáng)烈好奇心,促使她很快回復(fù)了電子郵件。當(dāng)年,達(dá)琳就開始了在浙江省中醫(yī)院的學(xué)習(xí)。
“中醫(yī)技術(shù)有不可取代的優(yōu)勢,掌握這項(xiàng)技術(shù)應(yīng)該可以幫助更多的人?!边_(dá)琳說,在這里,她看到了針灸、推拿等中醫(yī)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,也體會到了中國人對傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)的熱忱。近20年里,每到四五月份,達(dá)琳就會帶著美國學(xué)生到浙江省中醫(yī)院學(xué)習(xí),他們是從主動申請到中國學(xué)習(xí)的醫(yī)學(xué)生中選拔出來的。
“浙江省中醫(yī)臨床國際交流中心”成立以來,浙江省中醫(yī)院每年接收來自美國、以色列、比利時、捷克等國家的留學(xué)生200余人次。
“中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)的發(fā)展不只局限于臨床醫(yī)療、教學(xué)、科研和人才培養(yǎng),更要通過培養(yǎng)留學(xué)生的方式,輸出我們博大精深的中醫(yī)藥文化?!闭憬≈嗅t(yī)院黨委書記黃琦說。
如今,到浙江學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī),針灸、推拿技術(shù)成為各國留學(xué)生們特別偏愛的選擇。
4月底,在浙江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬第三醫(yī)院,白俄羅斯明斯克地區(qū)醫(yī)院物理治療師葉麗娜一行3人,在這所以針灸推拿技術(shù)為特色的中醫(yī)院里,開啟為期45天的交流學(xué)習(xí)。
在醫(yī)院針灸診室內(nèi),葉麗娜除了專注于她的中國老師、醫(yī)院針灸科副主任韓德雄的手法和講解外,還觀察著病人的反饋,并用紙筆不斷記錄?!搬樉?、推拿技術(shù)是不需要藥物輔助的‘綠色治療方式,在國際上有著非常高的認(rèn)可度。”韓德雄告訴記者,針推技術(shù)對哮喘的治療已經(jīng)得到國際認(rèn)可。
為了讓葉麗娜等人盡快融入學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境,浙江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬第三醫(yī)院的醫(yī)生們還專門設(shè)置了特色課程,并編寫了簡易的英文教材。
“30年前,針灸技術(shù)就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在白俄羅斯。那里的很多患者對針灸有一定了解,將它視為一種奇特的治療方法?!比~麗娜告訴記者,她希望在浙江進(jìn)行專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)后,能夠回國進(jìn)一步推廣針灸技術(shù)。
浙江與明斯克地區(qū)的結(jié)緣,還得益于“一帶一路”倡議的提出和實(shí)施。2016年12月,國家中醫(yī)藥管理局等聯(lián)合印發(fā)《中醫(yī)藥“一帶一路”發(fā)展規(guī)劃(2016-2020年)》,要求到2020年,與“一帶一路”沿線國家和地區(qū)合作建設(shè)30個中醫(yī)藥海外中心。去年,浙江省政府辦公廳印發(fā)的《關(guān)于加快推動中醫(yī)藥發(fā)展的實(shí)施意見》也明確,加強(qiáng)與“一帶一路”沿線國家和地區(qū)中醫(yī)藥交流與合作。
今年1月,浙江與明斯克地區(qū)共建的中醫(yī)診療中心正式成立。3位來自浙江的中醫(yī)師向當(dāng)?shù)孛癖娬故玖酸樉摹⑼颇?、理療等中醫(yī)技術(shù),傳統(tǒng)的中醫(yī)藥文化在白雪皚皚的白俄羅斯聚起“人氣”。
“搭上了‘一帶一路的順風(fēng)車,我們更有底氣走出去,留學(xué)生們也更愿意走進(jìn)來?!闭憬嗅t(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬第三醫(yī)院院長高祥福告訴筆者,今年初,他曾到訪白俄羅斯,看到了許多“中國制造”的中醫(yī)醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品出現(xiàn)在那里,這讓他對中醫(yī)藥文化的海外傳播更有信心。
越來越多的海外留學(xué)生和醫(yī)生來到浙江學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)技術(shù),他們心懷同一理念:中醫(yī)和西醫(yī)應(yīng)該互相融合,取長補(bǔ)短。
美國人麥克在學(xué)習(xí)了5年的中醫(yī)后,對這門傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)有了新的認(rèn)識。“中醫(yī)將人體的五臟六腑視為一個整體,認(rèn)為人是自然的一部分,這種整體觀是西醫(yī)比較欠缺的?!丙溈苏f,中西醫(yī)的有效結(jié)合將會是一種治療選擇,并且能夠降低治療的副作用。
白俄羅斯明斯克地區(qū)醫(yī)院康復(fù)和強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練醫(yī)生卓婭認(rèn)為:“東方醫(yī)學(xué)在康復(fù)和慢性疼痛及其他慢性疾病的治療領(lǐng)域更為有效。西醫(yī)則適用于急救護(hù)理等,在急性病理學(xué)中更有效?!?/p>
在浙江省中醫(yī)院工作期間,周海江輔導(dǎo)過來自以色列、比利時、美國、德國等地的留學(xué)生。這些學(xué)生的勤奮好學(xué)、認(rèn)真嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)給他留下了深刻的印象。其中,一位名叫德羅爾的以色列學(xué)生先后7次來到中國,師從周海江,如今他已是當(dāng)?shù)匦∮忻麣獾尼樉闹委煄煛?/p>
浙江有著培養(yǎng)中醫(yī)留學(xué)生的良好基礎(chǔ)。浙江省中醫(yī)院、浙江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬第三醫(yī)院都是浙江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)的附屬醫(yī)院。浙江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)自1985年開展國際教育工作以來,迄今已培養(yǎng)了來自五大洲近60個國家和地區(qū)的各類學(xué)生5000余人。2017年,有各類長短期國際學(xué)生600余人。
近年來,浙江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)相繼在葡萄牙科英布拉大學(xué)建立孔子學(xué)院,在羅馬尼亞“VasileGoldish”西方大學(xué)建立國際中醫(yī)中心,已與30余個國家與地區(qū)的90余個教育、科研、醫(yī)療單位建立了合作關(guān)系。
浙江省中醫(yī)藥管理局局長徐偉偉說:“中醫(yī)藥之所以有吸引力,是因其獨(dú)特的預(yù)防保健理念與現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ)。作為中醫(yī)藥大省的浙江,將為推動中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)走向海外發(fā)揮更多積極作用?!?/p>
(本文圖片攝影:于偉)
TCM Sets off on A New Journey in “Belt and Road” Countries
By Chen Ning, Yu Wei, Tang Jie
In the 1980s hospitals in Hangzhou, capital city of Zhejiang province in eastern China, began to see the first wave of international students coming in to learn about traditional Chinese medicine. Zhejiang TCM Hospital in Hangzhou set up a TCM Clinic International Exchange Center in 1999. To promote the new learning platform, the electronic copy of a pamphlet designed by the hospitals medical staff was sent out to students and teachers in a dozen medical schools in America.
Darlene was one of the earliest respondents. Influenced by her family, Darlene became fascinated with the Chinese culture at a young age. By the time she received the email from the hospital in Hangzhou, she had been teaching TCM at the Finger Lakes School of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine for years after graduation from the school.
“In many senses, TCM has no rivals; and I believe a better mastery of the art will enable me to help more people,” Darlene explains. The Hangzhou experiences opened her eyes to the remarkable application of the science. “The enthusiasm of the general public in TCM also set me thinking,” she says. For nearly two decades since 1999, Darlene brought her students to Hangzhou every year to take part in hands-on clinical activities.
Every year since its launch, the hospitals international exchange center saw more than 200 students from the US, Israel, Belgium, Czech, and many other countries walking in and leaving with a better understanding of the magic of this ancient medical art from China.
“The development of TCM in the modern world goes much more beyond clinical practice and lab researches. Foreign students going back to their home countries to share what they learned from us are a best channel of communication,” points out Huang Qi, Secretary of the hospitals Party Committee.
“TCM fascinates me because it shows me the truly ‘green therapy that is being increasingly recognized by a global medical mainstream audience,” says Alena, from the Republic of Belarus. She has just finished a 45-day clinical program started in late April in Zhejiang TCM Hospital.
“Acupuncture used for medical purposes appeared in Belarus about 30 years ago, and has been well-received among local patients,” Alena reveals.
Echoing the launch of a TCM promotion plan in the “Belt and Road Initiative” countries and regions in late 2016, a TCM Center was unveiled in Minsk earlier this year.
“Traditional medical sciences in the East have proved their unique edges especially in rehabilitation, and in the treatment of chronic pain and many chronic diseases, although western medicine has shown its magic in first aid and the treatment of acute diseases,“ says Zoya, also from Belarus.
Over the years, the foreign students passion in TCM and the eagerness to learn has also become a valuable asset of Zhejiang TCM Hospital. Behind such exciting international communication is also the enterprise of the Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in international education. The schools International Education Departments has served more than 5,000 students from more than 60 countries and regions since 1985, and produced some 600 graduates in 2017 alone. The school recently launched a Confucius Institution at the Academica Coimbra in Portugal and an international TCM center at Vasile Goldish in Romania. So far, the university has set up partnerships with more than 90 institutions of education, science and medicine in over 30 countries and regions.
”The special appeal of TCM resides in its unique preventive philosophy and its complementation with modern western medicine. As a TCM powerhouse, Zhejiang aims to play a more proactive role in promoting TCM undertakings overseas,” commented Xu Weiwei, director of Zhejiang TCM Administration.