The Cynical Multitude in the Rule of Bio-politics—— An Interpretation of Paolo Virno’s A Grammar of the Multitude

Zhang Yibing 9

The situating essence of Marx’s theory of surplus value precisely reveals that what capitalists purchase by exchanging with workers is not a realistic object, but an absent potential. Today, the labor potentials are mainly manifested in the flexible labor exceeding the producing workshops in the production of post-Fordist capitalism and the language communication services in the tertiary industry. The post-Fordist mode of production and new life style, the constant conversion of labor profession, the discontinuity of work experiences, the innovation of fashion and the variability of media, the clouding boundary between employment and unemployment, all of which make the multitude lose the stable state of survival and the solidifying value attribution. This change leads the survival of the multitude into the opportunist and cynical moods, and to fell into the idle talk and curiosity identi fi ed by Heidegger.

On the Concept of History from the Perspective of Modernity

Wang Xiaosheng 18

In his article “On the concept of history”, Walter Benjamin rejected the understanding of time from the perspective of empty form, namely to understand time as the pure flow. He put time in the connection with experience, expectation and memory. According this kind of understanding, time is the emergence of past in the present, in the recognition of the present. Based on this kind of the concept of time, Benjamin understood history as a non-continuous events, as Geshen, not as continuous events or process. In his opinion, historism understood history as a continuous process, this historism is proposed by the rulers of the past. The concept of history which was proposed by Benjamin is the concept of the opposed and the forgotten. The hope of the opposed and the forgotten can’t be realized in the past. They hoped that their hope could be realized in the future. Modern civilization was built on the sacri fi ce of the opposed, we are all in debt to them and are obliged to repay the debt morally. History is happened in this debt repayment.

Transformation of Main Social Contradiction and Risk of Base Disputes

Lu Yilong 45

As modernization and social transition go on, the main social contradiction is transforming. Realizing and understanding the main social contradiction in new era will help to grasp some problems in detail.Transformation of main social contradiction affects base disputes in contents and traits, resulting in more baseline developing disputes and resolution mechanism of baseline dispute. The mechanism of main social contradiction in fl uence is “interests-conducting and mental agitating” mechanism. Although base disputes are trivial, they have potential pressure risks, violence conflict risks and collective event risks. The forming of risks from baseline disputes is connected closely with the management and resolution effectiveness. Therefore,to precast social risk from base disputes is not to prevent disputes taking place, but to resolute base disputes effectively in time. To resolute base disputes effectively, we should not rely too much on legal power, while construct dual dispute resolution mechanism, taking base dispute management and resolution into baseline social governance.

Risk Society Governance and the Transformation of Tort Law

He Guoqiang 53

The coming and shaping of the risk society puts forward new requirements for social governance. As the basic law of risk society governance, tort law needs to respond to the needs of risk social governance and achieve the risk control and the reasonable distribution of social residual risks. At the same time, the risk society caused the inherent change of tort law. Under the risk society, the justice foundation of tort law is changed, adopting the mixed justice concept that integrated of corrective justice, distributive justice and behavior governance. It pays more attention to the result and social equity, and updates the allocation of rights, obligations and responsibilities based on the perspective of combining individual with society. Under the influence of external demand and internal structure change, tort law is inevitably oriented to the transformation.

Research on the Sharing Development of Socialist Political Economics with Chinese Characteristics

Liu Can 68

Sharing development is Marx's scientif i c revelation of the future development mode of socialist society on the basis of criticizing the polarized development of capitalism. The concept of shared development is of great signif i cance to the construction of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics, which constitutes the logical main line of the political economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the core of the formation and expansion of the whole system. In the new era， the development road under the concept of shared development of socialism with Chinese characteristics should adhere to the overall development of human beings， promote social justice and justice with development， and ref l ect inclusive growth and poor growth.The practice has proved that the modernization of China is bound to go and is taking a unique road with its own characteristics. In the special connotation of this road, the shared development is undoubtedly one of the core values.

“National Dignity” and the “Celestial-Barbarian Idea”: A Survey on the Sino-British Ideological Conf l icts before the Opium War

Wu Yixiong 100

Disputes about the “celestial-barbarian” idea of the Qing Dynasty are very remarkable in the Sino-British relations in the fi rst half of the 19thCentury. Such disputes could be explained as “cultural conf l icts”, however,they usually happened because of economic and political interests. In 1814, the dispute about the statements of the reason of linguist Ayew’s case resulted in a new regulation of trade which was benef i cial to the EIC. In 1816,the Amherst Mission form Britain made the fi nal decision on the rite controversy with the Qing government according to their understanding about the interests of EIC. Around 1830, the British strongly protested against the Canton system, which was taking as the origin of so called humiliations by them. It is not possible for the Qing government to change its system that times, so the conflicts logically guided the public opinion of the British to military resolution of the problem of British-China relations. A study on this process could supply a new point of view on the Opium War.

Spreading Folk Memories about Bombing and Famine in the Anti-Japanese War: An Example from Recollection about Anti-Japanese War in Taishan Qiaokan

Yao Ting and Zhang Guoxiong 115

Anti-Japanese War is significant national narrative in the 20thcentury and painful memory of billions of Chinese, forming copious folk literature. Researching Anti-Japanese War through folk literature is vital supplement to grand Anti-Japanese War historical research, and qiaokan in Taishan Couty, Guangdong Province,is such an uncommon example. Qiaokan is important information channel that connects overseas Chinese society and qiaoxiang society. After anti-Japanese War, qiaokan put their emphasis on famine when they reported the war situation, to comfort homesick overseas Chinese who hadn’t heard from hometown for several years because of the war, to meet overseas Chinese relative’s demand to rebuild the connection between qiaoxiang and overseas Chinese, to enable overseas Chinese to attend the reconstruction of qiaoxiang. Furthermore,qiaokan used famine, the most painful memory of Taishanese, to ask overseas Taishanese and native Taishanese to consider the disadvantage of development patterns in qiaoxiang, expecting to unite all Taishanese to change Taishan and to make the county better and more productive. Analyzing theoretically on this topic has its academic value and practical signif i cance.

Bauhaus as a Counter-culture of Modernism

Zhou Xian 141

The debates over modernism is usually limited in the fi ne arts and overlooks various applied arts such as design. The article focuses on Bauhaus’ “universal unity” of design and then explores its aesthetics as a counterculture. The author argues that Gropius’ “universal unity” emphasizes an integrated art against the distinction between fi ne arts and crafts. With combining art and industry in modern society, Bauhaus developed a new way to shape culture and style of life. Therefore, “universal unity” could be a perspective on Bauhaus aesthetics inf l uencing on its great design practices and other design schools.

On the Canonization Course of The Family in Contemporary China

Song Jianhua 148

The Family is Ba Jin’s representative work, as well as a classic work of Chinese modern literature. However,the canonization interpretation of The Family began after the founding of the People’s Republic of China,and there were different evaluation criteria in different periods. Its canonization course is even more tortuous,leaving people with endless meditation and reverie. Therefore, the canonization course of The Family not only ref l ects the new choice of literary needs in the times, but also ref l ects the psychological process of intellectual elite in contemporary China, thus helping us to fi nd a lot of answers of many important phenomena in literary history.