Summary Remarks and Contents

Discoveries and Sorting Out of the Xinjiang Ancient Written Materials

Liu Wensuo(003)

This paper is to sort out the ancient written materials hitherto discovered in Xinjiang and to summarize the unearthing and publication circumstances in addition to a review of the academic progresses made by relevant scholars. The unearthed written materials are in relations to Sino-Tibetan languages， Altaic languages and Indo-European languages， written on various mediums including stone， wood， bamboo， silk， brick and metals. These written materials， constituting a material evidence that demonstrate the old silk roads and the multi-ethnic common home， are reflecting the linguistic case and writing system of the ancient peoples in Xinjiang.

A Reexploration of the Relationship between Qing Court and Jungar Khanate

Feng hui(015)

In the studies of Jungar Khanate conducted by the academia today， a continuing adoption of the perspective of Manchu rulers is quite common， resulting in the case that many researches aiming at the relationship between Qing Court and Jungar Khanate get into a trap， in which it is difficult to have a real grasp of the essence of the question. In this paper， we， shedding light from the angle of “great unification” in China’s history， take an account of the historical development of Jungar Khanate， to expose the real core of the relationship between Qing Court and Jungar Khanate and to demonstrate Qing conquest of Jungar Khanate， including its strategic target， conquering range and political layout， so as to reveal its impacts on Qing Court defense of Northwest region afterwards.

An Analysis of the Qing Policies to Mongol Domains Led by Khalkha’s Tüsheet Khan

——with a focus on the case of the lands of and subordinates to Princess Kejing

Hu Zhe(022)

In the years of its control， Qing Court followed a principle in its policies to the Mongols， by which it gave grace to Mongols on one side while exerted coercion on the other hand. With the Dolon Nuur Assembly as mark， the Mongols of Khalkha domains， from the north of Great Gobi， submitted to Qing Court. By then， Kangxi Emperor marryied his daughter， titled Princess Kejing， to the grandson of Tüsheet Khan， through which he extended the marriage connection policy over to Mongolian noble families in the north of Great Gobi. Differently， however， with other examples of the marriage of Manchu with Mongols， this time the Princess herself was settled in Hohhot， the territory of Tumeds， with her personal properties， including lands， mansion and subordinates， according to the arrangement of Qing Court; instead of leaving for the north of Great Gobi in company with her husband. In the period of Emperor Kanxing and his successor， owing to the settlement by Qing Court and thanks to emperor’s grace， Princess Kejing’s family and her domains and subordinates became a heterogeneous force among the Mongols of Tumed in Hohhot， and kept its continuation of independent develop and to expand its land possession and property holdings. But， with the death of the Princess， the powerful existence of her force lost the legal basis. In addition， the land disputes between the Mongols of Tumed and the Princess property， caused by structural defects of her domains， finally led a lawsuit of contending lands， in the years of Emperor Qianlong， which in the ends brought about the disintegration of the Princess domains under the influence of inclined coercion policy taken by Emperor Qianlong. The land lawsuit case was a turning point in the political relationship between Qing Court and Mongol Domains led by Tusheet Khan， by the use of which， Qing Court reduced the power of those Domains and further integrated them into its comprehensive control.

Economic Intercourse between Ming Court and Uriankha’s Three Garrisons

Gao Yalei(030)

In the comprehensive survey of the history of Ming Dynasty， it is the case that the Uriankha’s Three Garrisons took an important position in Ming management of the relationships to the neighboring peoples. And the most important form of connection one another between Ming Court and Uriankha’s Three Garrisons was economic intercourse. Given this， I here， by the use of the books and archives published beforehand， discuss the economic intercourses between Ming Court and Uriankha’s Three Garrisons with a division of three aspects: tributary commerce， official trade and private trade， so as to review what affects the economic intercourse had on both Ming Court and Uriankha’s Three Garrisons and the national relations afterwards.

A Research of the Qing Preparation for the First Grant of Interview to Torghut Leaders

Yang Jiwei(035)

In the years of Emperor Qianlong， the Mongols of Torghuts moved back to the east from Volga River Basin. On their arrival at Ili， the leaders of Torghuts set off their voyage for the Imperial Summer Palace， Chengde， to have an audience with Emperor Qianlong， to which everybody in the Qing Court attached a great importance. For the reception， Qing Court carefully selected the escort officers， flexibly arranged the meeting time and offered Torghut lamas an instruction saying that they are of their own accord to come or not. On the other hand， Emperor Qianlong ordered his courtiers and relevant apparatuses to have all the gifts and theatre shows be in readiness. As to the route of voyage along which the leaders come， Emperor Qianlong in the beginning decided to lead the leaders to come through Uliyasutai， but then changed it and offered an alternative itinerary， by which they would make a journey passing through Urumci and Barkul. On the whole journey， local government officials everywhere the leaders went through all made honorable entertainments with splendid ceremonies. It was very so that Torghut leaders made their arrival at the Summer Palace， Chengde， to complete their first presentations before Qing Emperor.

The Port of Tsek

Yu Jieru(040)

The port of Tsek is a land port of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Province， China， located in the Sino-Mongolian border， north of the Town Dalaikuv， Ejina Banner， Alasha League. Tsek Port was a seasonal port in the beginning when established in the year of 1992， but then upgraded to become a first class， long term international port， achieving a good interaction between China and Mongolia， including the exchange of materials and personnel and the cultural exchanges. It will be certain that， thanks to the proposal and implementation of “One Belt One Roud” initiative， Tsek Port meet an unprecedented chance of development.

A Review of the Study of the Shabinars in China

Pan Haili， Wang Xilong(048)

Shabinars constituted a special stratum in Mongolian monasteries. Although they were the main force of labor and important part of the monasteries， there are few special studies about them. The authors try to make a review of the academic researches about Shabinars conducted since the founding of the country by the domestic scholars， with a categorization in terms of the type of the outcomes and a classification into the eastern Mongols and western Mongols by geographical boundaries.

A Review of the Publishing Status of the Books and Periodicals of Literature and Art

in Todo Mongol Script

Cheng Bin(054)

As one of the main characters used in the publication of Xinjiang Mongolian Books and periodicals in the second half of the twentieth Century，Todo Mongolian has published nearly 400 kinds of literature and art books. Based on book version data analysis and publication object comparison， this paper reviews the characteristics of book version data，topic selection，planning，editor，binding design，collection distribution and development trend of the publications in Todo Mongolian script.

On the Development & Changes of the Qing Mongolian Phonetic Dictionaries

Chun Hua(063)

To intensify the “alliance of Manchu and Mongols”， Qing Court made great efforts in policy to support the development of Mongolian language and culture， and for the convenience of communication with Mongols， it also compiled and published a lot of state sponsored Manchu-Mongolian bilingual dictionaries in addition to rich and colorful private compilation of bilingual dictionaries. According to my own counting in the monograph Study of the Qing Manchu & Mongolian Dictionaries， there are 45 items of Mongolian & Mongolian-Manchu dictionaries， of which 12 are the phonetic ones， accounting for 26.7% in total numbers of Manchu-Mongolian bilingual dictionaries. These Mongolian phonetic dictionaries vary very much in term of language combination from the bilingual ones to the multilingual ones. This paper， in accordance with the phonetic script and objects of annotation， categorized the dictionaries into four kinds: the bilingual or multilingual dictionaries with transliteration of Mongolian glossaries by Manchu script， the trilingual or quadrilingual dictionaries with annotation of Mongolian glossaries by Manchu script， the multilingual dictionaries with annotation of Mongolian glossaries by Chinese language and the Manchu-Mongolian-Chinese trilingual dictionaries with trilingual annotation; and made a detailed accounts of the developed course， value in use and significances to academic research of each categories of these dictionaries.

On the Traditional Clothing of Xinjiang Mongols

Erintsai(073)

This paper， basing on the obtained materials and the review of the researches about the traditional clothing of Xinjiang Mongols， classified the traditional clothing into several categories like the head wearings， upper body dress and lower body dress; and explained the wearing methods and the relevant habbits of every kinds of clotings.

A Review of the Researches of the Jangar in Bayangol

Nadmidtseren(092)

This paper searched and sorted out the researching outcomes on Jangar discovered in Bayangol and made some suggestion for the researches of the topic.

On the Phonetic System of Jalaid dialect

Nadmid(106)

As a branch of the Khorchin dialect， Jalaid dialect not only share the common characteristics of the Khorchin dialect， but also similar to the Gorlos dialect and Durbed dialect. This paper， taking the field work materials as foundation， discoursed upon the phonetic system of the Jalaid dialect.

A Discussion of the Geographical Names of Khoboksair County， Xinjiang

Mendbilig(113)

This paper， taking the field work materials obtained from the northern part of Tarbagatai as basis and with the help of the related historical place names， made contrasts between the extant place names and their geographical locations in Khoboksair and Emin county and the relevant written records found in the geographical names dictionaries; and pointed out the existing problems and important value of continued study.