苗淑華

對(duì)外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō)，字典是必不可少的一種工具書(shū)。在學(xué)習(xí)的各個(gè)階段，學(xué)習(xí)者都經(jīng)常使用到包括紙質(zhì)版和電子版在內(nèi)的各種字典。但實(shí)際上，很多學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中都會(huì)不知不覺(jué)犯一種錯(cuò)誤，那就是過(guò)度依賴字典，而且他們并不覺(jué)得自己的這種行為有問(wèn)題。下面我們就來(lái)談?wù)勥@個(gè)行為對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的影響。

Fluency1

流利度

If you stop and look in your dictionary every time you cant think of a word， you will never get used to speaking fluently without pauses2 and listening to your speaking will be difficult and boring.

如果每次你想不起來(lái)某個(gè)單詞的時(shí)候就停下來(lái)查字典，你永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法習(xí)慣沒(méi)有停頓地流利表達(dá)，聽(tīng)你說(shuō)英語(yǔ)會(huì)比較難受和無(wú)聊。

Stop translating

不要翻譯

It is difficult to look for words you dont know in English in a dictionary without using your own language， but it is possible to ask your teacher or another student a word just by explaining what it is， using a gesture or drawing it. If you stop using your own language in the classroom， this will help you learn to communicate and to think in English.

不用自己的母語(yǔ)卻要在字典里查你不認(rèn)識(shí)的英語(yǔ)單詞是比較難的，但你可以通過(guò)手勢(shì)或畫(huà)圖來(lái)向老師或其他同學(xué)請(qǐng)教。如果在教室里，你不使用自己的母語(yǔ)會(huì)有助于你學(xué)會(huì)用英語(yǔ)來(lái)交流和思考。

Guessing from context

由上下文來(lái)猜測(cè)

If you read a whole text without a dictionary， many of the words you didnt understand when you first saw them will become clear from the rest of the story. You will be able to see that they are not important to understand and learn. Learning this skill of guessing from context will improve your listening and reading speed， and your ability to cope with people speaking at natural speed.

如果你閱讀一整篇文章的時(shí)候不用字典，很多你第一次碰到的不理解的詞的意思會(huì)在故事后面漸漸明晰。你會(huì)明白它們其實(shí)并不重要，不用去理解和學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)會(huì)從上下文猜詞這個(gè)技巧可以提高你的聽(tīng)力和閱讀速度、增強(qiáng)你和正常語(yǔ)速說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人交流的能力。

Learning to explain words you dont know

學(xué)會(huì)解釋你不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞

If you do a speaking exercise with no dictionary， you will have to use language like“Its a kind of...”， “It looks like...” and“He is a person who...” that you will need in real life communication all the time， too. When the teacher and other students explain vocabulary to you， you will also hear a good model of this kind of necessary language.

如果你在做口語(yǔ)練習(xí)的時(shí)候不用字典，你就不得不用如同“Its a kind of...”，“It looks like...”和“He is a person who...”這樣的在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中交流時(shí)也常常需要用到的句子。當(dāng)老師和其他同學(xué)（用英語(yǔ)）向你解釋詞義時(shí)，你也會(huì)聽(tīng)到這類必備用語(yǔ)的好范例。

Listening to what people are saying

聆聽(tīng)他人話語(yǔ)

If you are using a dictionary while someone is speaking， or even just thinking about when you can use it， you are probably not listening properly. This will mean that you dont understand well and that you seem very rude to the person who is speaking.

如果有人正在說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候你在使用字典，或者在考慮何時(shí)用，那你可能就無(wú)法好好聽(tīng)對(duì)方說(shuō)話了。這就意味著你沒(méi)法完全理解對(duì)方所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容，而且對(duì)說(shuō)話的人來(lái)說(shuō)，你的行為看起來(lái)很無(wú)禮。endprint

More speaking and listening

更多聽(tīng)說(shuō)練習(xí)

Asking questions about vocabulary and explaining things to other people increases the amount3 of speaking and listening in class， but looking in a dictionary has no useful practice of the four skills.

提出關(guān)于詞匯的問(wèn)題并向其他人解釋某些事可以增加課堂的聽(tīng)說(shuō)練習(xí)量。但是查字典并沒(méi)有對(duì)（聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)）四種技巧進(jìn)行有效的練習(xí)。

Working together

共同學(xué)習(xí)

Students and the teacher helping each other by explaining vocabulary can really help produce a good atmosphere4 in class.

學(xué)生和老師相互幫忙解釋詞匯能真正有助于課堂上形成良好的學(xué)習(xí)氛圍。

Confidence

自信

Students who are nervous often reach for their dictionaries without even knowing what they are looking for， just to make them feel “safe”. If you learn to communicate without using your dictionary at all， this will stop you feeling nervous each time you have to communicate without it in real life.

容易緊張的學(xué)生常常會(huì)拿出字典，他們甚至都不知道要查什么，只是為了讓自己感到“安全”。如果你學(xué)會(huì)與人交流時(shí)完全不用字典，那當(dāng)你在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中每次沒(méi)有字典而又不得不和人交流時(shí)，就不會(huì)感到緊張了。

Using other reference5 resources6

采用其他參考來(lái)源

Rather than reaching for your dictionary automatically7， your teacher might be training you to look at the vocabulary list at the back of the textbook or at your own vocabulary list in your notebook.

比起總是不假思索地想查字典，你的老師可能更多地是一直在訓(xùn)練你去查看課本最后幾頁(yè)的詞匯表，或者是你的筆記本里面自己寫(xiě)的單詞表。

Functional8 language

功能語(yǔ)言

When you ask other people to help you with vocabulary you have to use lots of useful language like“How do you spell it？” and“Can you repeat？” that you will not be able to practice just by looking in your dictionary.

當(dāng)你請(qǐng)求其他人幫助你解答詞匯問(wèn)題時(shí)，你不得不運(yùn)用大量常用的句子，例如“How do you spell it？” “Can you repeat？”。這類句子你是無(wú)法僅靠查字典來(lái)練習(xí)的。

總而言之，作為工具書(shū)，字典對(duì)我們的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)有很大的幫助。但是如何正確使用、避免過(guò)度依賴它而導(dǎo)致影響到其他的學(xué)習(xí)步驟，是我們需要好好摸索和正確掌握的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣和方法。endprint