文/金伯利·羅伯茨譯/王之光

國際商務(wù)贈禮指南

文/金伯利·羅伯茨譯/王之光

準(zhǔn)備參加商務(wù)會議，需要對所要討論或提出的信息備有實用的知識，要悉心留意要分發(fā)的印刷材料的所有細(xì)節(jié)，也許還得挑好禮物。在一些國家，這種場合送出禮物可能是預(yù)料之中的社交姿態(tài)，而在其他一些國家可能被看作是行賄的瓜田李下之舉。出國之前了解東道國的贈禮指南，有助于會議的成功。

Preparing for a business meeting requires a working knowledge of the information to be discussed or presented, careful attention to all details on the printed material to be distributed, and perhaps a gift. This gift is a social gesture1gesture舉止；做法。that may be expected in some countries, and could be considered a bribe in others. Knowing the gift guidelines for the country you’ll be visiting will help make your meeting a success.

[2]一些跨國公司和部分政府機(jī)構(gòu)對員工收受禮物的行為有非常嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定。為了避免好心辦壞事，必須了解要打交道的公司的相關(guān)政策。

[2] Some multi-national companies and some governments have very strict policies regarding their employees accepting gifts. To avoid creating a problem, it’s imperative you learn the policies for the companies you do business with.

[3]像馬來西亞和巴拉圭這樣的國家顧忌腐敗問題，對任何可以被解釋為賄賂的禮物都看不慣。在馬來西亞，與人相熟之前不會給對方送禮。在新加坡，政府雇員不得接受禮物，美國則將公務(wù)員可收禮的價值限制在25美元之內(nèi)。

[3] Countries like Malaysia and Paraguay, concerned with corruption, frown upon22 frown upon不贊成。any gift that could be construed3construe理解；把……認(rèn)作。as a bribe. In Malaysia you wouldn’t give a gift until you had established a relationship withthe person. In Singapore, government employees are not allowed to accept gifts, and the United States limits the acceptable dollar value to $25.

[4]但是，在日本、印度尼西亞和菲律賓這樣的一些國家，互贈禮物的傳統(tǒng)根深蒂固。按照傳統(tǒng)，送出和接受禮物時，舉止要彬彬有禮。重要的是安排好時間和儀式流程。

[4] However, in some countries like Japan, Indonesia and the Philippines, exchanging gifts is strongly rooted in tradition. Part of the tradition is the gracious4gracious和藹可親的；有禮貌的。style used to present and receive them. It’s important to plan time and focus on the process.

[5]切記，在亞洲和中東，只能用右手或雙手奉上或接收禮物，而在日本和中國香港，則須用雙手。

[5] It’s very important in Asia and the Middle East to only use your right hand, or both hands, to offer or accept a gift. In Japan and Hong Kong, China, use both hands.

[6]在新加坡，收禮者可以“婉拒三次”再接受。在印度尼西亞，送小禮物是家常便飯。

[6] In Singapore a recipient may“graciously refuse three times” before accepting your gift. In Indonesia, small gifts are given on a frequent basis.

[7]選擇禮物時，始終要注意宗教法度。例如，猶太教和伊斯蘭教禁止吃豬肉，就不要選擇豬皮做的禮物了。而在印度，不要送牛皮制品的禮物。伊斯蘭教的另一禁忌是酒。

[7] Always be cognizant of religious laws when selecting gifts. For instance, pork is prohibited in the Jewish and Muslim religions, so you wouldn’t select a gift made from pigskin. As in India, don’t offer a gift made from cowhide. Another prohibition for the Muslim faith is alcohol.

[8]記住挑選任何禮物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都是質(zhì)量。要選擇不張揚的優(yōu)質(zhì)品。如果想用帶公司標(biāo)志的禮品，那么標(biāo)志最好別太顯眼。

[8] A standard to keep in mind for any gift you select is quality. Choose quality items that are not ostentatious5ostentatious擺闊的；鋪張的。. If you have gifts with your company logo, it’s better if the logo is discreet6discreet小巧的；不顯眼的。.

[9]在一家不錯的餐廳請客吃飯總是很好的商業(yè)慣例。美酒佳肴的晚餐是“給東道主送禮物”的絕佳方式，足以向客方表示你珍視雙方的業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系，也是建立融洽關(guān)系的機(jī)會。巴西、英國、巴拿馬和秘魯?shù)娜硕枷矚g吃請，希臘人一整晚上都吃吃喝喝也不奇怪。在中國，如果對方請你吃了大餐，你也應(yīng)該回請。

[9] Hosting a meal at a nice restaurant is always a good business practice. A fi ne dinner is a wonderful way to give a “gift to your hosts”, to show your guests you appreciate the business relationship you have with them, and an opportunity to build rapport7rapport融洽；和諧。. People in Brazil, England, Panama, and Peru enjoy being invited guests for a meal, and the Greeks look forward to an evening fi lled with dining. In China, plan a banquet, especially if you are being honored with one.

注重贈禮的國家：

歐洲——捷克共和國、波蘭、俄羅斯、烏克蘭

拉丁美洲——玻利維亞、哥倫比亞、哥斯達(dá)黎加

環(huán)太平洋地區(qū)——中國、印度尼西亞、日本、韓國、馬來西亞、菲律賓和泰國

Countries in which a gift is expected:

Europe—Czech Republic, Poland, Russia, Ukraine

Latin American—Bolivia, Columbia, Costa Rica

Pacific Rim—China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand

首訪期間不送禮物的國家，但再訪時應(yīng)該送禮物：

歐洲——葡萄牙、西班牙

拉丁美洲——巴西、智利、危地馬拉、尼加拉瓜、巴拿馬、秘魯、委內(nèi)瑞拉

環(huán)太平洋地區(qū)——馬來西亞、新加坡

斯堪的納維亞——芬蘭、挪威

Countries in which a gift is not expected on the fi rst visit, but would be expected on a subsequent visit:

Europe—Portugal, Spain

Latin American—Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Venezuela

Paci fi c Rim—Malaysia, Singapore

Scandinavia—Finland, Norway

不送禮物或者不太頻繁交換禮物的國家：

非洲

澳大利亞

歐洲——英國、法國、匈牙利、意大利、丹麥

拉丁美洲——烏拉圭

沙特阿拉伯

美國

日本和中國的文化有著較為復(fù)雜的贈禮儀式。中東的游牧文化對旅行者有熱情款待的傳統(tǒng)，而拉丁語系文化認(rèn)為所有的關(guān)系都是個人關(guān)系。任何國家，如果有來自這些文化背景的居民，都會以交換禮物作為建立關(guān)系和做生意的一個正常環(huán)節(jié)。

Countries in which a gift is not expected,or gifts are less frequent exchanged:

Africa

Australia

Europe—England, France, Hungary, Italy, Denmark

Latin America—Uruguay

Saudi Arabia

United States

Cultures with detailed rituals for the ceremony of gift giving are the Japanese and the Chinese. And Nomadic cultures in the Middle East have a tradition of hospitality to travelers, while Latin cultures consider all relationships as personal. So any country with a population from these cultural backgrounds will exchange gifts as a normal part of building relationships and doing business.

世界各地的禮物類別

在有些國家，第一次見面會送個小禮物，其中包括日本、印度尼西亞、菲律賓、韓國、玻利維亞、哥倫比亞、哥斯達(dá)黎加、俄羅斯、波蘭和烏克蘭。

而在其他國家，不宜使用帶有公司標(biāo)志的禮品，如比利時、法國、希臘、意大利、葡萄牙和西班牙。

尖利物件

許多文化中，邊緣尖利的物品象征著友誼或關(guān)系的斷裂。為此，不要選刀、剪刀或開信刀作禮物。

General world wide gift categories

There are some countries in which a small gift is expected at the first meeting. These include Japan, Indonesia, Philippines, South Korea, Bolivia, Columbia, Costa Rica, Russia, Poland, and Ukraine.

And in other countries you don’t want to give an item with your company logo. These are Belgium, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain.

Sharp Objects

In many cultures, items with a sharp edge symbolize the severing ofa friendship or relationship. In these cases, you wouldn’t select a knife, pair of scissors, or a letter opener for a gift.

特產(chǎn)

如果在以某種產(chǎn)品而聞名的國家開展業(yè)務(wù)，當(dāng)?shù)刈院栏泻蛯ζ焚|(zhì)的高要求是你要考慮的重要因素，即不要拿該產(chǎn)品當(dāng)禮物，特別是在別國制造的。

適用的例子是：阿根廷的皮革和葡萄酒、巴西和烏拉圭的皮革、德國啤酒和葡萄酒、法國和意大利的葡萄酒、俄羅斯和波蘭的伏特加、芬蘭的剪刀和墨西哥的銀器，因為大家認(rèn)為它們太常見了。

Locally Produced Product

If you’re doing business in a country known for producing a particular product, local pride and quality dictate that you wouldn’t offer that item as a gift, especially if it were manufactured elsewhere.

Good examples are: leather and wine in Argentina; leather in Brazil and Uruguay; beer and wine in Germany; wine in France and Italy; vodka in Russia and Poland; scissors in Finland; and silver in Mexico, because it’s considered too common.

電子產(chǎn)品和辦公用品

電子產(chǎn)品——如激光筆、計算器和地址簿——作為商務(wù)禮品對于商人都是有用的，無論對方是高管還是職員。

可作為上佳禮品的辦公用品包括精品鋼筆或筆和鉛筆套裝、名片夾、上好的皮制公文包、在辦公室使用或放在公文包里的皮革日志簿。

如果對方吸煙，可送上精巧的打火機(jī)。

Electronic Gadgets and Office Accessories

Business gifts that are useful for a business person, whether an executive or a staff member, are electronic items such as laser pointers, calculators, and address books.

Desk and office accessoriesthat make good gifts include fine quality pens, or pen and pencil sets, business card holders, good leather briefcases or leather organizers for use in the office or in a briefcase.

If the person smokes cigarettes, a nice cigarette lighter could be given.

白酒

對愛喝酒的人來說，一瓶優(yōu)質(zhì)的白酒或葡萄酒總是份好禮，除非對方住在以酒為特產(chǎn)的地區(qū)。

Liquor

A quality bottle of liquor or wine always makes a good gift for someone who drinks alcohol, unless the personlives in a region noted for producing the product.

巧克力

通常這是不錯的選擇。有多種優(yōu)質(zhì)巧克力，在商務(wù)會議場合可用作精美禮品，帶著去登門做客，可送給女主人，或者作為幫你做項目的工作人員的答謝禮。巧克力可用各種尺寸的盒子包裝，所以送禮物給一大群人，用巧克力也行得通。

甚至還有符合猶太潔食法規(guī)的巧克力，可以送給信奉猶太教的商業(yè)伙伴和客戶。

Chocolate

Universally, this is a good choice. There are many fi ne quality chocolates that make exquisite gifts for a business meeting, for taking with you to someone’s home as a hostess gift, or for a thank you to a staff person who’s helped you on a project. Because it can be boxed in various sizes, it also works if you need a gift for a large group.

There’s even kosher8kosher符合猶太教規(guī)的潔食。chocolate for you to give to your Jewish business associates and clients.

花卉

花卉經(jīng)?？梢杂米鞫Y物，特別是應(yīng)邀登門拜訪時?？梢詭匣ㄈΨ郊依?，在晚宴之前寄送上門，或者第二天快遞上門作為“答謝禮”。

若干文化中，特定顏色或類型的花卉具有浪漫愛情或肅穆葬禮的關(guān)聯(lián)意義，不能送給女主人。紅玫瑰往往寓意浪漫關(guān)系。殯葬經(jīng)常與白色或紫色的花朵關(guān)聯(lián)，百合或馬蹄蓮、菊花、雞蛋花、白玫瑰、萬壽菊、康乃馨、石南花都可以。在一些拉丁語系國家，黃色的花象征輕蔑的態(tài)度。 □

Flowers

Flowers can be frequently used as a gift, especially if you’ve been invited to someone’s home. You may want to bring fl owers with you to the house, send them prior to the dinner party, or have them sent the following day as a ‘thank you’.

In some cultures a particular color or type of flower is associated with romance or funerals, and would not be chosen to give a hostess. Red roses are frequently considered romantic. Funeral associations frequently occur with lilies or calla lilies, chrysanthemums, Frangipani, white roses, marigolds, carnations, heather, and white or purple fl owers. In some Latin countries, yellow fl owers symbolize contempt.

International Business Gift Giving

ByKimberley Roberts

（譯者單位：浙江大學(xué)外國語言文化與國際交流學(xué)院）