文/克里斯蒂娜·庫(kù)奇 譯/郭晶晶 賀鶯

By Christina Couch

10 Top Telecommuting Jobs to Live Abroad十大跨國(guó)遠(yuǎn)程辦公職位

文/克里斯蒂娜·庫(kù)奇 譯/郭晶晶 賀鶯

ByChristina Couch

Telecommuting jobs abroad

As technology makes it increasingly easy to punch the clock1punch the clock打卡。in a virtual office, employees once tied to a desk may now have the ability to work from home or even abroad. In fact, studies from Global Workplace Analytics, a research and consultancy firm headquartered in Carlsbad2卡爾斯巴德市位于加利福尼亞州，是全美收入最高的地方之一。, Calif., show that approximately 3 million U.S. workers that aren’t selfemployed work from home full time while an estimated 52 million workers have telecommute-compatible jobs. For those who’d rather converse in foreign languages than by the company water cooler, here are 10 of the best gigs for telecommuting while abroad.

IT professionals

The industry is booming as are telework opportunities. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median wage for computer and information systems management professionals is $115,780 per year while the sector is projected to grow 18 percent between now and 2020. Norbert Kubilus, president of the Association of Information Technology Professionals, says that certain jobs within the field lend themselves more naturally to teleworking.

跨國(guó)遠(yuǎn)程辦公職位

隨著科技日益發(fā)展，在虛擬辦公室打卡上班變得越來(lái)越簡(jiǎn)單。從前被捆綁在辦公桌前的雇員如今可以在家、甚至在國(guó)外遠(yuǎn)程工作。“全球職場(chǎng)分析”（GWA）是一家總部位于加州卡爾斯巴德的研究咨詢公司。該公司的研究顯示，美國(guó)約有300萬(wàn)非自由職業(yè)者全職在家工作，約有5200萬(wàn)人從事遠(yuǎn)程辦公可以完成的工作。對(duì)于那些寧愿用外語(yǔ)交談也不愿守在公司飲水機(jī)旁的人而言，以下列出的10項(xiàng)是最為理想的跨國(guó)遠(yuǎn)程辦公職位。

IT專(zhuān)業(yè)人員

信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)與遠(yuǎn)程辦公一樣方興未艾。美國(guó)勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，計(jì)算機(jī)及信息系統(tǒng)管理人員的平均年薪達(dá)115,780美元，從現(xiàn)在起到2020年預(yù)計(jì)將增長(zhǎng)18個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。信息技術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)人員協(xié)會(huì)主席諾伯特·庫(kù)比魯斯指出，該領(lǐng)域的某些工作使員工更傾向于選擇遠(yuǎn)程辦公。

“Analysts, programmers, web developers, help desk staff can work remotely,” he says. “If people are responsible for the maintenance of a server, that can be done remotely, but you also have to have people who are handson to take care of installation and so on.”

Kubilus adds that IT pros are most likely to find telecommute opportunities in small- and medium-size companies and that those eyeing remote working opportunities should seek out positions that advertise the possibility for telecommuting.

“Most times, you’re not going to go to a company, interview for a job and mention, ‘Oh, I want to telecommute,’”he says. “That’s not going to fly.”

Translation and interpretation

This job might actually reward you for moving abroad. Workers with fluency in a foreign language and sharp communication skills can land jobs in verbal and written translation regardless of where they live, says Carla Itzkowich, executive director of International Contact, a multilanguage communication company that produces marketing materials in 100 languages.

“分析師、程序員、網(wǎng)站開(kāi)發(fā)人員、運(yùn)維人員都可以遠(yuǎn)程工作，”他說(shuō)，“如果是負(fù)責(zé)服務(wù)器維護(hù)，也可以遠(yuǎn)程工作。當(dāng)然還是得有人實(shí)地動(dòng)手完成安裝等工作。”

庫(kù)比魯斯補(bǔ)充道，IT專(zhuān)業(yè)人員在中小企業(yè)最有可能找到遠(yuǎn)程辦公的機(jī)會(huì)，關(guān)注遠(yuǎn)程工作崗位的人應(yīng)該在那些宣揚(yáng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程辦公的職位中挖掘機(jī)會(huì)。

他建議：“一般情況下，不要在去公司應(yīng)聘的時(shí)候就提出‘我想遠(yuǎn)程辦公’。那么做行不通?！?/p>

筆譯和口譯

這份工作可能真會(huì)給你帶來(lái)出國(guó)的回報(bào)。國(guó)際聯(lián)絡(luò)（International Contact） 是 一家多語(yǔ)言傳播公司，可制作100種語(yǔ)言的營(yíng)銷(xiāo)資料。該公司執(zhí)行董事卡拉·伊茨科維奇說(shuō)，外語(yǔ)流利、溝通能力強(qiáng)的人可以找到口頭或書(shū)面翻譯工作，不受地域限制。

“(Translators) need to invest between$600 to $2,000 in tools of the trade, but once you’re set up, you pretty much can work your own hours, your own time,your own home,” she says.

Startup costs include a foreign language dictionary, a computer, a fast Internet connection that can support audio or video interpretation sessions and translation management software that prevents workers from using the same verbiage over and over again.Itzkowich adds that certification from an organization such as the American Translators Association can help someone break into the field but may not be absolutely necessary. Pay is typically by the word, so speed and accuracy count. Those who speak a less common language or who can specialize in an area such as finance or medical translation can charge more, says Itzkowich.

Sales personnel and consultants

“Sales people are most conducive to remote offices because (many) don’t have an office location in a traditional office. They are located in their homes or customer locations,” says Jay Mulki, a Northeastern University associate professor of marketing who has conducted extensive research in the remote working field.

她說(shuō)：“（譯員）需要投資600至2000美元購(gòu)買(mǎi)行業(yè)工具，不過(guò)一旦裝備好了，就完全可以自主決定工作時(shí)間，時(shí)間是自己的，在自己家工作?！?/p>

起步投資包括一本外語(yǔ)詞典，一臺(tái)電腦，網(wǎng)速得快，可以支持音頻、視頻口譯，支持防止譯員反復(fù)使用同一詞匯的翻譯管理軟件。伊茨科維奇補(bǔ)充說(shuō)道，獲得美國(guó)翻譯協(xié)會(huì)等機(jī)構(gòu)的認(rèn)證有助于打入翻譯圈，但也不是絕對(duì)必要。報(bào)酬通常按字?jǐn)?shù)結(jié)算，不過(guò)速度和準(zhǔn)確度也影響價(jià)格。伊茨科維奇說(shuō)，非通用語(yǔ)種翻譯或金融、醫(yī)療等專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域翻譯收費(fèi)更高。

銷(xiāo)售人員和咨詢顧問(wèn)

美國(guó)東北大學(xué)市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)專(zhuān)業(yè)副教授杰伊·穆?tīng)柣鶎?duì)遠(yuǎn)程辦公做了廣泛研究。他指出：“銷(xiāo)售人員最適合遠(yuǎn)程辦公，因?yàn)椋ê芏嗳耍┰趥鹘y(tǒng)的辦公室里沒(méi)有工位。不是在家就是在客戶那里。”

根據(jù)遠(yuǎn)程工作研究網(wǎng)（Telework Research Network）的調(diào)查，銷(xiāo)售人員是居家工作的主力軍。該研究團(tuán)隊(duì)2011年發(fā)表的一篇論文顯示，有七成居家工作人員從事的是管理、專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)、銷(xiāo)售以及辦公室工作。

According to the Telework Research Network, sales jobs dominate the work-at-home workforce. A 2011 paper published by the group shows that 70 percent of those working from home hold positions in management,professional, sales and office jobs.

Sales leaders looking to work abroad should seek out companies that have a broad consumer base in the employee’s country of choice, says Mulki. They, and all other remote workers, should create a separation between work and home life.

“When you work at home, work never goes away,” he says.

穆?tīng)柣Q(chēng)，那些希望在國(guó)外工作的銷(xiāo)售主管應(yīng)該選擇在目標(biāo)國(guó)家有廣泛客戶基礎(chǔ)的公司。他們及所有其他遠(yuǎn)程工作人員均應(yīng)注意將工作和家庭生活區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。

他說(shuō)：“一旦居家工作，工作就和生活分不開(kāi)了。”

公關(guān)經(jīng)理，營(yíng)銷(xiāo)專(zhuān)家

PR managers, marketing specialists

According to the Council on Public Relations Firms, a trade organization of more than 100 PR companies,approximately half of its member PR firms experienced double-digit growth during 2011.

Since much of the job revolves around communication, PR workers must be able to draft anything from speeches to press releases and should be able to create and control their clients’public images.

The upside is that much of that work can be done remotely. While public relations work lends itself to telecommuting both domestically and abroad, the Bureau of Labor Statistics

公關(guān)公司協(xié)會(huì)（Council on Public Relations Firms）是一個(gè)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)，成員包括上百家公關(guān)公司。2011年，這些成員公司中約有半數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了兩位數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)。

公關(guān)工作大部分是圍繞傳播展開(kāi)的，因此公關(guān)人員必須具備擬定演講稿、新聞稿等各種文案的能力，應(yīng)能塑造和管理客戶的公眾形象。

該行業(yè)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是不少工作可以遠(yuǎn)程完成，在國(guó)內(nèi)、國(guó)外都可以進(jìn)行。勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局的報(bào)告稱(chēng)，該行業(yè)員工擁有良好的職業(yè)前景，但缺點(diǎn)是工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)。2010年，近三分之一的該行業(yè)員工每周工作超過(guò)40小時(shí)。目前該行業(yè)的平均年薪徘徊在57,550美元左右，到2020年，預(yù)計(jì)將增長(zhǎng)21%。reports that employees can expect good job prospects, but long hours—in 2010,nearly one-third of workers in this field clocked in more than 40 hours per week. The field is projected to increase 21 percent between now and 2020 while the median annual wage currently hovers around $57,550.

Software developers

Someone has to develop applications,build computer games and create the next wave of can’t-live-without-’em digital tools. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the median salary for software developers is currently$90,530, while the job market will grow much faster than average—by 30 percent between now and 2020.

Barry Frangipane, co-author of the bookThe Venice Experiment, a memoir of his experience working as a software developer for a U.S. company while living in Italy, says that telecommuters working abroad should make sure that they can still interact with their U.S.-based coworkers. To do that,Frangipane’s company set up a webcam so that he could participate in weekly company meetings from Italy.

“I could see people at the office at the meetings and they could see me,”he says. “We felt like we were really connected.”

軟件開(kāi)發(fā)人員

這一群體負(fù)責(zé)開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用程序，編寫(xiě)電腦游戲，創(chuàng)造下一代生活中不可或缺的數(shù)字工具。勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局報(bào)告顯示，目前軟件開(kāi)發(fā)人員的平均年薪為90,530美元，不過(guò)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的增速將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于平均水平——從現(xiàn)在起到2020年將增長(zhǎng)30%。

巴里·弗朗吉佩恩與人合作撰寫(xiě)了《威尼斯實(shí)驗(yàn)》一書(shū)，講述了他在意大利一家美國(guó)公司擔(dān)任軟件開(kāi)發(fā)員的經(jīng)歷。他提道，在國(guó)外遠(yuǎn)程工作的人員應(yīng)確保與美國(guó)同事仍有互動(dòng)。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)，弗朗吉佩恩所在的公司架設(shè)了一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像頭。這樣一來(lái)，他在意大利也可以參與每周的公司例會(huì)。

他說(shuō)：“我能看到辦公室開(kāi)會(huì)的同事，他們也能看到我。感覺(jué)就像我們真的在一起。”

Developers working abroad should also have access to technological upgrades the company makes. To ensure that his work stayed up-to-date, Frangipane kept one laptop in his U.S.-based workplace, one with him in Italy and linked the two using remote access software.

Customer service representatives

In the ever-expanding world of telecommuting, call center and helpline personnel lead the charge, says Kate Lister, president of the Telework Research Network and co-author of the bookUndress for Success: The Naked Truth About Making Money at Home.While wages in this sector usually lean on the low side—the Bureau of Labor Statistics shows that customer service reps earn a median salary of $30,460 per year—opportunities abound in companies that range from medical helplines to fast-food chains.

“When you order a pizza, sometimes the dispatcher is sitting at home dispatching it from somewhere else in the country,” she says. “Even the IRS helpline folks are (sometimes) working from home.”

Telecommuting in this field comes with its own set of challenges, adds Lister. Finding jobs can be difficult with the wealth of work-from-home scams on the Web, and employees must have a quiet space where they work.

公司還應(yīng)為身在國(guó)外的開(kāi)發(fā)人員提供公司內(nèi)部的技術(shù)升級(jí)。為了確保自己的工作與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，弗朗吉佩恩在美國(guó)的辦公室放了一臺(tái)筆記本電腦，另一臺(tái)自己帶著在意大利使用，兩臺(tái)電腦用遠(yuǎn)程訪問(wèn)軟件連接在一起。

客戶服務(wù)代表

凱特·利斯特是遠(yuǎn)程工作研究網(wǎng)的負(fù)責(zé)人，曾與人合作撰寫(xiě)《為成功而脫衣：在家賺錢(qián)的赤裸真相》一書(shū)。她說(shuō)，在遠(yuǎn)程辦公日益廣泛的風(fēng)潮中，呼叫中心以及服務(wù)熱線的工作人員成為首先選擇這種辦公方式的群體。雖然該行業(yè)的工資普遍偏低（據(jù)勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局統(tǒng)計(jì)，客服代表平均年薪為30,460美元），但工作機(jī)會(huì)很多，從醫(yī)療服務(wù)熱線到快餐連鎖店都有諸多機(jī)會(huì)。

她說(shuō)：“下單訂購(gòu)比薩餅后，有時(shí)派發(fā)員可能是坐在家里，異地調(diào)配。甚至國(guó)稅局熱線接線員（有時(shí)候）也是在家工作。”

利斯特補(bǔ)充說(shuō)道，該行業(yè)的遠(yuǎn)程辦公也存在自身的問(wèn)題。涉及居家工作的網(wǎng)絡(luò)詐騙數(shù)量過(guò)多，以至于給找工作造成了困難，同時(shí)雇員必須有一個(gè)安靜的工作環(huán)境。

“There’s a zero-tolerance policy for background noise,” she says. Babies crying, dogs barking or doors slamming can mean losing the job.

Health care

Fall ill at a hospital in the U.S. and a transcriptionist in Australia might write up your doc’s notes, a specialist in South America could examine your test results,and a top surgeon in Europe could lead the operation by video chat. That’s why health care is one of the top fields for telecommuting, says Sara Sutton Fell, CEO and founder of Flexjobs.com, a job search site that specializes in telecommute,part-time jobs and positions with flexible schedules.

“The (health care) subcategories that we see the most (telecommuting jobs)in are nursing, pharmaceutical, case management, therapy, medical coding,nutrition and psychiatry,” she says. “So much of medicine now is digital. ... You don’t have to be in a room looking at an X-ray anymore.”

Fell says that telecommuting positions in this field range from data analysts and health care project managers to neurosurgeons who work remotely.Despite the increase in medical telecommute jobs, many positions still require workers to be physically present. To ensure that working from abroad is possible, employees should seek out telecommuting positions and clarify the parameters of telecommuting with their boss upfront.

她說(shuō)：“對(duì)于背景噪音我們采取零容忍的政策?！眿雰嚎摁[聲、狗吠聲或者摔門(mén)聲都會(huì)造成失業(yè)。

醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生

你在美國(guó)醫(yī)院住院，轉(zhuǎn)錄員可在澳大利亞記錄醫(yī)囑，專(zhuān)科醫(yī)生可在南美查看化驗(yàn)結(jié)果，頂級(jí)的外科醫(yī)生可在歐洲通過(guò)視頻對(duì)話指導(dǎo)手術(shù)。薩拉·薩頓·費(fèi)爾是求職網(wǎng)站Flexjobs.com的創(chuàng)始人、首席執(zhí)行官，他指出這就是醫(yī)療保健成為遠(yuǎn)程辦公主要領(lǐng)域之一的原因。該求職網(wǎng)站主要關(guān)注遠(yuǎn)程辦公、兼職以及提供彈性工作時(shí)間的職位。

她說(shuō)：“（醫(yī)療保健中）最常見(jiàn)的（遠(yuǎn)程辦公的）子領(lǐng)域包括護(hù)理、制藥、病例管理、治療、醫(yī)學(xué)編碼、營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)和精神病學(xué)。現(xiàn)在的醫(yī)療很多是數(shù)字化的?！碭光片不一定非在房間里了?！?/p>

費(fèi)爾提到該領(lǐng)域的遠(yuǎn)程辦公職位可以是數(shù)據(jù)分析師、醫(yī)療保健項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理，也可以是神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生。不過(guò)盡管遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療工作崗位有所增加，許多職位仍然需要員工到單位辦公。要想保證得到跨國(guó)遠(yuǎn)程工作的機(jī)會(huì)，雇員們應(yīng)該搜尋遠(yuǎn)程辦公的職位并與老板預(yù)先明確遠(yuǎn)程辦公的具體規(guī)范。

Graphic design

Workers can create logos, websites,publicity materials and marketing products from any corner of the globe and get paid decently to do so. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that 29 percent of graphic designers are selfemployed, meaning that many can make their own schedules, and the median pay is $43,500 per year.

Despite the independent nature of the job, many designers work in teams or on collaborative projects. To stay in sync with stateside team members, Jay Mulki says that employees working abroad should focus on communicating clearly, taking active steps to stay in contact with key team members and fulfilling every promise they make in a reasonable time frame.

“You need to come across as a person who is self-disciplined, who can control their work in terms of doing the work and initiating the work ... and be able to access people within the organization,” he says.

平面設(shè)計(jì)

該行業(yè)員工可以在全球任何地方設(shè)計(jì)徽標(biāo)和網(wǎng)站、制作宣傳材料、營(yíng)銷(xiāo)產(chǎn)品，并獲得體面的收入。勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局報(bào)告稱(chēng)，29%的平面設(shè)計(jì)師是自由職業(yè)者，這意味著他們可以自由支配時(shí)間，平均年薪達(dá)43,500美元。

盡管這個(gè)職業(yè)具有獨(dú)立性，但是不少設(shè)計(jì)師的工作都是以團(tuán)隊(duì)或者項(xiàng)目合作的形式完成。為了與美國(guó)本土的員工保持一致，杰伊·穆?tīng)柣赋觯趪?guó)外工作的員工應(yīng)該注重溝通，積極與團(tuán)隊(duì)主要成員保持聯(lián)系，并在合理時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)履行每一項(xiàng)承諾。

他說(shuō)：“你要給人留下這樣的印象——有自我約束力，可以控制好自己的工作，包括啟動(dòng)任務(wù)和執(zhí)行任務(wù)……還能與機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)的員工取得聯(lián)系?！?/p>

Education

教育

Training specialists, online instructors,curriculum writers ... the list of telecommuting positions in the education field is extensive. Sara Sutton Fell of Flexjobs.com says that telework education

培訓(xùn)專(zhuān)家、在線教師、課程編寫(xiě)者……在教育領(lǐng)域，適合遠(yuǎn)程辦公的職位范圍非常寬廣。Flexjobs.com的薩拉·薩頓·費(fèi)爾說(shuō)，遠(yuǎn)程教育工作者jobs range from language instructors who conduct lessons by phone or video chat to those who work behind the scenes creating and perfecting online teaching tools. The majority of teleworking jobs are available at the college and university levels, she says, “but there’s a surprising amount at lower levels or in administrative on the education side.”可以是使用電話或視頻聊天上課的語(yǔ)言教師，也可以是在幕后創(chuàng)建和完善在線教學(xué)工具的人。她說(shuō)，大多數(shù)遠(yuǎn)程工作職位都在高等院校，“但是令人吃驚的是，中小學(xué)或教育行政提供的職位也不少”。

The trick to landing a telework position is seeing through the scams. To help eliminate ads designed to sap your time and money, Fell recommends using search terms such as “telecommute”and “telecommuting” over “work from home” or “work at home”, and carefully investigate companies that post listings for telecommuting jobs.

Administrative managers, support

According to Flexjobs.com, there are currently more telecommute and flexible job positions in administrative work than any other field except medical and health care. Admin jobs may offer the ability to work from anywhere, but salaries are usually low. Workers holding positions such as office managers, financial clerks, bookkeepers, material recording personnel and administrative assistants have median salaries that range from$24,100 for bank tellers to $36,610 for desktop publishers, reports the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Frangipane says that workers in any

要想獲得遠(yuǎn)程辦公職位，需要有識(shí)破騙局的慧眼。為了過(guò)濾掉那些蓄意耗費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢(qián)的廣告，費(fèi)爾建議在檢索時(shí)使用telecommute或telecommuting等關(guān)鍵詞，而不是work from home和work at home，同時(shí)認(rèn)真調(diào)查提供遠(yuǎn)程辦公崗位的公司。

行政經(jīng)理，后勤

據(jù)Flexjobs.com顯示，目前，除了醫(yī)療和保健，行政工作領(lǐng)域所提供的遠(yuǎn)程和靈活辦公職位比其他任何行業(yè)都多。行政管理工作可以在任何地方進(jìn)行，但通常工資較低。據(jù)勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局報(bào)告顯示，辦公室經(jīng)理、財(cái)務(wù)人員、簿記員、材料記錄人員和行政助理等崗位的平均年薪從24,100美元（銀行出納）到36,610美元（排版員）不等。

弗朗吉佩恩說(shuō)，不論在哪個(gè)領(lǐng)域，都可以通過(guò)協(xié)商讓目前不允許遠(yuǎn)程辦公的職位慢慢具有遠(yuǎn)程辦公的可能。弗朗吉field who have a job that doesn’t allow telecommuting may be able to slowly negotiate a telework option. Frangipane himself started working from home one day per week, then ramped it up to five days over time.

“Once they could see that I had high productivity working from home, then I said, ‘Hey, I’m thinking about moving my home,’” he recounts. “Regardless of where you are in the world, if you work the same hours as your office normally expects, then it really doesn’t seem to matter much when you move your home a little farther away, like 4,500 miles.” 佩恩自己起初每周只能在家工作一天，后來(lái)隨著時(shí)間的推移逐漸增加到了五天。

他回憶說(shuō)：“一旦他們明白我在家遠(yuǎn)程工作的效率很高，我就會(huì)說(shuō)：‘嘿，我在考慮搬家了！’無(wú)論你在什么地方，如果能保證工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)達(dá)到辦公室通常的要求，那么即使把家搬得遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)，比如搬到距離公司4500英里的地方，似乎也沒(méi)什么關(guān)系?！?/p>

（譯者單位：西安外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)）

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