亚洲免费av电影一区二区三区,日韩爱爱视频,51精品视频一区二区三区,91视频爱爱,日韩欧美在线播放视频,中文字幕少妇AV,亚洲电影中文字幕,久久久久亚洲av成人网址,久久综合视频网站,国产在线不卡免费播放

        ?

        Paradoxical brain embolism followed by percutaneous atrial septal closure: Stroke in a patient's thirties highlighting some issues surrounding brain stroke in an emergency setting

        2017-12-15 09:08:42DaisukeMatsubaraKoichiKataokaTeppeiMatsubaraTakaomiMinamiTakanoriYamagata
        World journal of emergency medicine 2017年4期

        Daisuke Matsubara, Koichi Kataoka, Teppei Matsubara, Takaomi Minami, Takanori Yamagata

        1 Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan

        2 Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University,Fukuoka, Japan

        Case Letter

        Paradoxical brain embolism followed by percutaneous atrial septal closure: Stroke in a patient's thirties highlighting some issues surrounding brain stroke in an emergency setting

        Daisuke Matsubara1, Koichi Kataoka1, Teppei Matsubara2, Takaomi Minami1, Takanori Yamagata1

        1Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan

        2Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University,Fukuoka, Japan

        Dear editor,

        Brain stroke in patients younger than 40 deprives society of its work force. Paradoxical brain embolism(PBE) is sometimes responsible. PBE should never be overlooked in emergency settings because its recurrence may be preventable.

        Ojaghihaghighi et al[1]concluded that clinical manifestation is helpful in distinguishing stroke types before diagnostic imaging, also stating, "stroke causes excessive healthcare expense", thereby illustrating the importance of clinical manifestations, diagnostic imaging, and social cost. These may be especially true to stroke of young patients: a young PBE patient with an atrial septal defect (ASD), who underwent percutaneous ASD closure.

        CASE

        A 37-year-old mechanic, with no remarkable history(hypertension/diabetes mellitus) or family history(thrombophilia), was transferred to the emergency unit because of the sudden onset of mild left hemiparesis and dysarthria. Three days previously, his right leg had been injured with resultant subcutaneous hemorrhage/swelling. He continued to work and sweated markedly.His pain prevented him from taking sufficient fl uids. He lifted tires, inevitably leading to a Valsalva-maneuverlike action, and hemiparesis and dysarthria manifested.

        Figure 1. Image analysis of this patient. A, B: Brain magnetic resonance imaging 1 hour after symptom onset. High-intensity diffusionweighted image (A) and a low-intensity apparent diffusion coefficient(B) are evident, suggestive of brain infarction in deep white matter in the right frontal centrum semiovale (red dashed circle). C:Transesophageal echocardiography. A small atrial septal defect with shunt fl ow is evident. RA: right atrium, LA: left atrium. D: Shunt fl ow is absent after the deployment of AMPLATZERTM Multi-Fenestrated Septal Occluder "Cribriform" (St. Jude Medical, Minnesota, USA).

        Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a deep white matter lesion in the right frontal centrum semiovale, suggestive of brain infarction (Figure 1A,B). Brain/neck MRI angiography revealed no stenotic lesions. Clinical findings/examination revealed no hypercoagulation state, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism/arteriovenous-malformation, or arrhythmia(atrial fibrillation/flutter). Transthoracic/transesophageal echocardiography revealed a small ASD (3.4 mm×7.3 mm) with its morphology mimicking a patent foramen ovale (PFO) (Figure 1C). Right-to-left (RL)-shunt became evident with the Valsalva maneuver. We diagnosed him with PBE due to RL-shunt through ASD.Hemiparesis and dysarthria completely disappeared 2 hours after the onset with hydration and antiplatelet administration. After 6 months, with informed consent,percutaneous ASD closure was performed to prevent recurrent stroke.[2]A percutaneously employed septaloccluder occluded the defect and abolished the RL-shunt(Figure 1D). Stroke did not recur.

        DISCUSSION

        Leg trauma, subcutaneous hemorrhage, and dehydration may have caused thrombus formation possibly around his injured leg. His Valsalva-maneuverlike action may have triggered PBE through ASD.

        Although effectiveness of ASD/PFO-closure to prevent PBE recurrence has not been confirmed,[3]a randomized trial showed that percutaneous PFO closure was superior to medical therapy in the prespecifiedper-protocol analysis.[2]Advice to avoid a Valsalvamaneuver-like action is recommended in cardiac-shuntassociated PBE; however, this patient's occupation inevitably necessitated this action, causing RL-shunt at ASD, leading to PBE recurrence. To prevent this,transcatheter ASD closure was performed.

        This patient's neurological manifestations resolved,which may make emergency-practitioners feel at ease;however, PBE with ASD/PFO may be hidden. Importantly,stroke occurrence just after Valsalva-maneuver-like action prompted us to perform transesophageal echocardiography,revealing this condition, of which importance Ojaghihaghighi et al[1]did not state. Prompt neurological examinations and diagnostic imaging led to rapid diagnosis and treatment,possibly preventing recurrence and its accompanying social loss. Ojaghihaghighi et al[1]emphasized the importance of neurological manifestation without/before diagnostic imaging.

        CONCLUSION

        From a little different view point, this case well illustrates the problems accompanying brain stroke, which Ojaghihaghighi et al[1]suggested: clinical manifestation,diagnostic imaging, and social cost, to which emergencymedicine-physicians should pay attention, irrespective of well-/mal-equipped emergency settings.

        Funding: None.

        Ethical approval: Not needed.

        Conflicts of interest: The authors declare there is no competing interest related to the study, authors, other individuals or organizations.

        Contributors: Nishimura T proposed the study and wrote the first draft. All authors read and approved the final version of the paper.

        1 Ojaghihaghighi S, Vahdati SS, Mikaeilpour A, Ramouz A.Comparison of neurological clinical manifestation in patients with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. World J Emerg Med.2017;8:34–8.

        2 Carroll JD, Saver JL, Thaler DE, Smalling RW, Berry S,MacDonald LA, et al. Closure of patent foramen ovale versus medical therapy after cryptogenic stroke.. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(12):1092–100.

        3 Li J, Liu J, Liu M, Zhang S, Hao Z, Zhang J, et al. Closure versus medical therapy for preventing recurrent stroke in patients with patent foramen ovale and a history of cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(9):CD009938.

        Daisuke Matsubara, Email: 99081dm@jichi.ac.jp

        World J Emerg Med 2017;8(4):308–309

        10.5847/wjem.j.1920–8642.2017.04.012

        March 20, 2017

        Accepted after revision August 16, 2017

        国产98在线 | 免费| 欧美巨鞭大战丰满少妇| 又爽又黄又无遮挡的视频| 亚洲肥老太bbw中国熟女| 亚洲一区二区情侣| 国产老熟女伦老熟妇露脸 | 丰满人妻猛进入中文字幕| 人妻熟女一区二区三区app下载| 国产精品多人P群无码| 在线免费观看亚洲天堂av| 日本中文一区二区在线| 日本老熟妇乱| 亚洲产在线精品亚洲第一站一| 综合图区亚洲偷自拍熟女| 亚洲国产精品无码成人片久久| 一本色综合久久| 国产精品白浆无码流出| 日本在线免费不卡一区二区三区| 人妻无码一区二区三区| 国产成人综合久久精品免费| 天堂网av在线| 一本一道久久综合久久| 成 人免费va视频| 色伊人国产高清在线| 免费在线不卡黄色大片| 浪货趴办公桌~h揉秘书电影| 亚洲的天堂av无码| 青青草视频原手机在线观看| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 国产综合无码一区二区色蜜蜜| 91亚洲人成手机在线观看| 亚洲国产成人va在线观看天堂| 欧美又粗又长又爽做受| 国产精品6| 日本熟妇视频在线中出| 老妇高潮潮喷到猛进猛出| 婷婷成人基地| 日本一区二区在线播放观看| 一本色道久久88加勒比一| 亚洲精品无码乱码成人| а的天堂网最新版在线|