牛福勇,李福榮
·肝癌·
膽管細(xì)胞癌組織JAG1基因及其蛋白表達(dá)水平與患者預(yù)后的關(guān)系
牛福勇,李福榮
目的探討JAG1蛋白表達(dá)水平對(duì)膽管細(xì)胞癌患者腫瘤切除術(shù)后預(yù)后的判斷價(jià)值。方法2010年1月~2014年12月我院診治的膽管細(xì)胞癌患者60例和良性膽道疾病患者60例。檢測(cè)膽管細(xì)胞癌組織、癌旁組織和肝組織JAG1 mRNA及其蛋白表達(dá),測(cè)定膽管癌患者術(shù)后血清JAG1水平。應(yīng)用單因素和多因素非條件Logistic回歸分析膽管癌患者手術(shù)后預(yù)后的危險(xiǎn)因素。結(jié)果癌旁組織、肝組織、膽管癌組織JAG1蛋白陽(yáng)性率分別為45.0%(27/60)、56.7%(34/60)和 81.7%(49/60),組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);三種組織 JAG1 mRNA 水平和蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量分別為(0.91±0.34)和(0.57±0.15)、(1.15±0.48)和(0.84±0.47)、(1.96±0.58)和(1.64±0.58),組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);膽管癌患者血清JAG1水平為(205.35±22.51)pg/ml,顯著高于良性膽道疾病患者【(102.56±16.52)pg/ml,P<0.05】;肝內(nèi)膽管癌患者血清 JAG1 水平與 CA125(r=0.41,P<0.05)、CEA(r=0.0.27,P<0.05)、CRP(r=0.17,P<0.05)、腫瘤浸潤(rùn)深度(r=0.13,P<0.05)、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移(r=0.08,P<0.05)、TNM 分期(r=0.14,P<0.05)、腫瘤分化程度(r=0.15,P<0.05)呈正相關(guān);多因素Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸模型分析顯示,腫瘤浸潤(rùn)深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、TNM分期、分化程度、血清JAG1高水平是影響膽管癌患者無(wú)復(fù)發(fā)生存時(shí)間的危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05),腫瘤浸潤(rùn)深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、TNM分期、血清JAG1高水平是影響膽管癌患者總生存時(shí)間的危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。結(jié)論JAG1蛋白可以作為膽管細(xì)胞癌患者腫瘤切除術(shù)后的預(yù)后指標(biāo),血清JAG1水平高患者術(shù)后預(yù)后差。
膽管細(xì)胞癌;JAG1蛋白;預(yù)后
膽管細(xì)胞癌(Cholangiocellular carcinoma,CCC)是一種肝內(nèi)膽管細(xì)胞惡性增生性腫瘤[1-3]。本研究檢測(cè)了CCC組織JAG1蛋白表達(dá)的變化,以探討其對(duì)CCC患者腫瘤切除術(shù)后預(yù)后的判斷價(jià)值。
1.1 研究對(duì)象 2010年1月~2014年12月在我院接受腫瘤手術(shù)切除、術(shù)后病理學(xué)檢查證實(shí)的CCC患者60例,男36例,女24例;年齡35~78歲,平均年齡(60.12±15.58)歲。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):根據(jù)國(guó)際抗癌聯(lián)盟(Union for International Cancer Control,UICC)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)膽管癌組織進(jìn)行腫瘤TNM分期,根據(jù)Lauren′s分型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行組織病理學(xué)分型,根據(jù)Jewett-Marshall分期方法進(jìn)行腫瘤生長(zhǎng)浸潤(rùn)深度分期,參照前人報(bào)道的方法評(píng)價(jià)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移[4]。另選同期在本院就診的60例膽道良性疾病患者作為對(duì)照,男32例,女28例;年齡 37~80歲,平均年齡(60.77±14.91)歲。對(duì)照組中膽總管結(jié)石26例,膽總管狹窄16例,膽管炎8例,慢性膽囊炎10例?;颊呋蛑毕涤H屬簽署知情同意書,本研究獲得我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 腫瘤組織JAG1 mRNA及其蛋白表達(dá)檢測(cè) CCC患者行手術(shù)切除,取切除腫瘤組織、癌旁組織、少量肝組織冷凍保存。自-80℃低溫冰箱取出待檢CCC組織、癌旁組織或肝組織25~40 mg,按照RNA提取試劑盒(北京宜科思源科技有限公司)說(shuō)明書要求,提取總RNA,并以此為底物進(jìn)行Real-time PCR。其中,JAG1 F:5′-CTCATCAGCCGTGTCTCA AC-3',R:5'-GGCACACACACTTAAATCCG-3';GAPD HF:5'-AGGTCGGTGTGAACGGATTTG-3',R:5'-GGG GTCGTTGATGGCAACA-3'。擴(kuò)增條件為:95℃ 3min,94 ℃ 30 s,55 ℃ 退火 30 s,72 ℃ 30 s,30個(gè)循環(huán)。以實(shí)驗(yàn)組(△Ct)- 對(duì)照組(△Ct)=△△Ct,即2-△△Ct為mRNA水平。提取各組組織蛋白,采用Western blot法(杭州聯(lián)科生物技術(shù)股份有限公司)檢測(cè)蛋白濃度。以目的蛋白與內(nèi)參照蛋白GAPDH的積分吸光度比值表示蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量。按照文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的方法判斷JAG1蛋白陽(yáng)性結(jié)果[5-8]。
1.3 血清JAG1水平及生化指標(biāo)檢測(cè) 使用美國(guó)R&D systems公司生產(chǎn)的ELISA試劑盒測(cè)定血清JAG1水平。使用深圳雷杜公司 RT7200全自動(dòng)血液分析儀和日本奧林巴斯公司AU2700型全自動(dòng)生化分析儀檢測(cè)血生化指標(biāo)和腫瘤標(biāo)志物。
1.4 隨訪 使用上海耀壯檢測(cè)儀器設(shè)備有限公司9206C X線檢查儀、徐州市大為電子設(shè)備有限公司DW-500全數(shù)字超聲診斷儀、飛利浦MRI03設(shè)備于術(shù)后每隔3個(gè)月復(fù)查X線、超聲、MRI檢查。根據(jù)CT和MRI結(jié)果診斷是否復(fù)發(fā),必要時(shí)行穿刺或手術(shù)確診。臨床醫(yī)師結(jié)合本院門診復(fù)查病例資料及電話進(jìn)行隨訪,隨訪至患者死亡或2015年12月31日。其中,手術(shù)至復(fù)發(fā)的時(shí)間間隔為無(wú)復(fù)發(fā)生存時(shí)間(Relapse free survival,RFS),手術(shù)至死亡或末次隨訪日期為總生存時(shí)間(Overall survival,OS)。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析 應(yīng)用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。計(jì)量資料以(±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用x2檢驗(yàn)。采用Spearman秩相關(guān)行相關(guān)性分析。P<0.05為差異有顯著性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,P<0.01為差異有非常顯著性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。采用Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸模型進(jìn)行多因素分析,確定影響RFS和OS的不良預(yù)后因素。多分類變量以啞變量的形式進(jìn)入回歸模型,變量入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)α≤0.05,剔除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)α>0.05。
2.1 不同組織JAG1基因及其蛋白表達(dá)情況 癌旁組織、肝組織、膽管癌組織JAG1蛋白陽(yáng)性率比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);不同組織 JAG1 mRNA及其蛋白表達(dá)水平見(jiàn)表1、圖1、圖2。
表1 不同組織 JAG1 mRNA及其蛋白表達(dá)水平比較
圖2 不同組織JAG1蛋白表達(dá)情況
2.2 膽管癌患者血清JAG1水平及其與實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性 60例膽管癌患者血清JAG1水平為(205.35±22.51)pg/ml,顯著高于 60例對(duì)照組的(102.56±16.52)pg/ml(P<0.05);在膽管癌患者,血清JAG1水平與血清CA125、CEA、CRP呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),與其它指標(biāo)無(wú)顯著性相關(guān)(P>0.05,表 2)。
2.3 膽管癌患者血清JAG1水平與臨床病理學(xué)參數(shù)的相關(guān)性 膽管癌患者血清JAG1水平與性別、年齡無(wú)相關(guān)性(P>0.05),與腫瘤浸潤(rùn)深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、TNM分期、腫瘤分化程度呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05,表3)。
表2 60例膽管癌患者血清指標(biāo)及其與JAG1水平的相關(guān)性
表3 60例膽管癌患者臨床病理學(xué)參數(shù)與血清JAG1水平的相關(guān)性
2.4 影響CCC患者預(yù)后的多因素Logistic回歸分析 經(jīng)隨訪,60例CCC患者的RFS和OS分別為(42.60±15.65)個(gè)月和(45.90±17.43)個(gè)月,影響CCC患者預(yù)后的多因素Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,腫瘤浸潤(rùn)深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、TNM分期、細(xì)胞分化程度、血清JAG1高水平是影響膽管癌患者RFS的危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05),而腫瘤浸潤(rùn)深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、TNM分期、血清JAG1高水平是影響膽管癌患者OS的危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05,表4)。
JAG1基因在染色體上定位于20p12,是5種Notch配體中的一種,屬于DSL蛋白家族,為單次跨膜蛋白,在細(xì)胞增殖分化過(guò)程中主要通過(guò)激活Notch 信號(hào)通路發(fā)揮作用[9,10]。
目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于JAG1蛋白表達(dá)水平對(duì)CCC患者腫瘤切除術(shù)后預(yù)后影響的研究相對(duì)較少。歐陽(yáng)合意等通過(guò)檢測(cè)肝細(xì)胞癌組織JAG1表達(dá)情況發(fā)現(xiàn),JAG1表達(dá)與患者年齡、腫瘤分化程度、血清HBsAg陽(yáng)性與否與預(yù)后有關(guān),認(rèn)為JAG1的異常表達(dá)與肝癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和分化密切相關(guān)[11-13]。在小鼠和人類,JAG1蛋白作為Notch信號(hào)通路的配體與膽管癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān)[14]。膽管癌患者血清JAG1水平顯著高于對(duì)照組,多因素Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,血清JAG1高水平是影響膽管癌患者RFS和OS的危險(xiǎn)因素。
表4 影響膽管癌患者預(yù)后的多因素Logistic回歸分析
胃腺癌組織JAG1蛋白表達(dá)下調(diào)可能與胃腺癌的發(fā)生、浸潤(rùn)和轉(zhuǎn)移等多個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)有關(guān)[15-17]。在乳腺癌組織,Notchl和JAG1表達(dá)增強(qiáng)與惡性腫瘤侵襲性增強(qiáng)、預(yù)后不良存在密切聯(lián)系[18]。因?yàn)镴AG1作為Notch受體的配體,通過(guò)與受體結(jié)合,導(dǎo)致Notch胞內(nèi)段裂解,并進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核,進(jìn)而激活Notch信號(hào)通路,調(diào)解下游靶基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄。JAG1致癌機(jī)制主要與患者自身表達(dá)失調(diào)、異常激活Notch信號(hào)通路或其他信號(hào)通路有關(guān)。大量研究證實(shí),在腫瘤組織中可檢測(cè)到JAG1異常表達(dá)。JAG1在CCC發(fā)病中的作用機(jī)制主要有通過(guò)激活Notch信號(hào)通路和Ras介導(dǎo)的信號(hào)通路發(fā)揮抗凋亡、誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞增殖效應(yīng),促進(jìn)膽管癌細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)等。它還可能抑制Smad家族信號(hào)分子活性,減輕腫瘤生長(zhǎng)抑制效應(yīng)。JAG1與HBx可能結(jié)合,HBx通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)JAG1的表達(dá)加大JAG1的作用力度[19,20]。
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(收稿:2017-01-20)
(本文編輯:陳從新)
JAG1 protein expression on prognosis of patients with cholangiocellularcarcinome aftersurgical resection
Niu Fuyong,LiFurong.DepartmentofHepatobiliary Surgery,F(xiàn)irstHospital,Yulin 719000,Shaanxi Province,China
ObjectiveTo investigate the JAG1 protein expression on the prognosisofpatientswith intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma(CCC).Methods60 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in our hospital between Jan 2010 and Dec 2014 were included and 60 patients with benign biliary diseases who were treated in our hospital during the same period were selected as control.JAG1 mRNA and its protein in liver tissues were detected.Serum JAG1 level was also measured by ELISA.Laboratory and clinical pathological parameters were recorded and the correlations of them to JAG1 were calculated.Univariate and multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for postoperative prognosis in patients with CCC was conducted.ResultsIn paracancerous tissues,liver tissues and cholangiocarcinoma tissues,the positive expression rates of JAG1 protein were 45.0%(27/60),56.7%(34/60)and 81.7%(49/60),respectively,and the relative levels of JAG1 mRNA were (0.91±0.34)and (0.57±0.15),(1.15±0.48) and (0.84±0.47),(1.96±0.58) and (1.64±0.58),respectively,(P<0.05);serum JAG1 level in patients with CCC was(205.35±22.51)pg/ml,significantly higher than that in the controls[(102.56 ±16.52)pg/ml,P <0.05];serum JAG1 level in patients with intrahepatic CCC was positively correlated with CA125 (r=0.41,P<0.05),CEA (r=0.0.27,P<0.05),CRP (r=0.17,P<0.05),tumor invasion depth(r=0.13,P<0.05),lymph node metastasis(r=0.08,P<0.05),TNM stage(r=0.14,P<0.05)and tumor differentiation(r=0.15,P<0.05);multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that the depth of tumor invasion,lymph node metastasis,TNM staging,differentiation,high serum JAG1 level were the risk factors of relapse free survival(RFS)in patients with bile ductcarcinoma (P<0.05);the depth oftumor invasion,lymph node metastasis,TNM staging,high serum JAG1 levels were the risk factors of overall survival(OS)in patients with bile duct carcinoma(P<0.05).ConclusionJAG1 protein can be used as a specific marker for the prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after surgical resection and patients with high serum JAG1 levels may have a poor prognosis.
Cholangiocellular carcinome;JAG1 protein;Prognosis
10.3969/j.issn.1672-5069.2017.06.024
719000陜西省榆林子洲縣 榆林市第一醫(yī)院肝膽外科
牛福勇,男,34歲,大學(xué)本科,主治醫(yī)師。主要從事腹腔鏡肝膽疾病治療研究 。E-mail:niufuyong1983@163.com