Hassan GHAHARI

(Young Researchers and Elites Club， Science and Research Branch， Islamic Azad University， Tehran， Iran)

An annotated checklist of Scydmaeninae(Coleoptera:Staphylinoidea:Staphylinidae)of Iran

Hassan GHAHARI

(Young Researchers and Elites Club， Science and Research Branch， Islamic Azad University， Tehran， Iran)

The fauna of Iranian Scydmaeninae(Coleoptera)is summarized in this paper.In total 8 species are listed as the fauna of Iran.Two species， Euconnus(Psomophus) wetterhallii Gyllenhal， 1813 and Microscydmus(Microscydmus)nanus Schaum，1844 are new records for the fauna of Iran.

Staphylinidae； Scydmaeninae； checklist； distribution； new record； Iran

1 Introduction

Beetles(order Coleoptera)are an extraordinarily species-rich group,comprising over 360 000 described species(Bouchard et al.,2009),with a history dating back at least to the Permian(Lawrence et al.,2011).The Staphylinoidea are one of the largest superfamilies of the order Coleoptera,comprising more than 40 000 species from all zoogeographical regions of the world except for the Antarctic(Naomi,1985；Korte et al.,2004).

The subfamily Scydmaeninae(Ant-like stone beetles)with 4 500 known species in about 80 genera(Grebennikov et al.,2009)is composed of small(0.60－5.00 mm long)staphylinoid beetles with a history dating back to the Cretaceous(O′Keefe et al.,1997).They differ from other staphylinoids by having davate femora,six visible abdominal sternites,dorsally attached parameres on the male genitalia,and a dense covering of hairs(O′Keefe,1998).Most species are predators of Oribatidae(Acari),and some species are associated with ants(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)and termites(Isoptera)(Schmid,1988； Franz,1980； O′Keefe,2001).These insects exist in leaf litter,understones,or other secluded habitats in old growth forests,mountain tops,or moist river drainages.They are distributed in every continent,except Antarctica,and every major island and are most numerous in both numbers of individuals and numbers of species in tropical regions(O′Keefe,1998,2001).

Iran forms a large part of the Iranian plateau,and covers an area of 1 623 779 km2.Climatologically,Iran is a predominantly arid and semi-arid country,but the northern slopes of the Alburz ranges and the Caspian lowland receive 800 to 2 000 mm annual rainfall,making them the most humid parts of the country.The Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut deserts are the driest areas with an annual precipitation of less than 150 mm.The highlands receive between 250 and 800 mm(Zehzad et al.,2002).

Among the different taxa of Staphylinoidea(Agyrtidae,Hydraenidae,Leiodidae,Ptiliidae,Scydmaeninae,Silphidae and Staphylinidae)(L?bl et al.,2004),the checklists of only two Iranian families Staphylinidae and Silphidae were completed by Samin et al.,(2011,Staphylinidae)and Ghahari＆ Háva(2015,Silphidae).The fauna of Iranian Scydmaeninae has so far been studied poorly,and the data are scattered in different contributions.The aim of this paper is cataloguing of all the data on Iranian Scydmaeninae.

2 Material and Methods

The published data on the distribution of the subfamily Scydmaeninae(Coleoptera:Staphylinidae)in Iran are summarized by province.Subfamilies,tribes,genera and species are listed alphabetically.The following data are included in the catalog for each species:(1)valid name；(2)published Iranian records by province(in alphabetical order of Iranian province names)and the relevant references(in chronological order)； (3)new country records； (4)information on general distribution on a world scale.Data about classification,nomenclature and distribution data are mainly based on Bouchard et al.(2011),Vit(2004,tribe Chevrolatiini and supertribe Mastigitae)and Davies(2004,tribe Cyrtoscydmini).When accurate data about local distribution in Iran are lacking in a quoted reference,quot;Iran(no locality cited)quot;is used.

3 Results

In this checklist totally 8 species within 5 genera(Chevrolatia Jacquelin du Val,Euconnus Thomson,Microscydmus Sauley＆Croissandeau,Stenichnus Thomson and Leptomastax Pirazolli)are listed as the fauna of Iran.The list of species is given below alphabetically with distribution data.

Family Staphylinidae Latreille,1802

Subfamily Scydmaeninae Leach,1815

Supertribe Scydmaenitae Leach,1815

Tribe Chevrolatiini Reitter,1882

Genus Chevrolatia Jacquelin du Val,1850

Chevrolatia egregia Reitter,1881

Distribution in Iran:Tehran(Orousset,2008；Samin et al.,2011).

General distribution:Bulgaria,Croatia,France,Italy,Romania,Slovakia,Turkey.

Tribe Cyrtoscydmini L.W.Schaufuss,1889

Genus Euconnus Thomson,1859

Subgenus Euconnus Thomson,1859

Euconnus(Euconnus)goleanus Franz,1981

Distribution in Iran:Golestan(Franz,1981；Samin et al.,2011).

General distribution:Endemic to Iran.

Euconnus(Euconnus)hirticollis Illiger,1898

Distribution in Iran:Ardabil(Samin et al.,2016).

General distribution:Albania,Armenia,Austria,Azerbaijan,Bosnia Herzegovina,Bulgaria,Croatia,Czech Republic,Denmark,Finland,France,Georgia,Italy,Latvia,Macedonia,Montenegro,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Romania,Russia(North and South European Territory),Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,UK,Ukraine.

Subgenus Psomophus Casey,1897

Euconnus(Psomophus)intrusus intrusus Schaum,1844

Distribution in Iran:East Azarbaijan(Samin et al.,2016).

General distribution:Afghanistan,Albania,Armenia,Azerbaijan,Bosnia Herzegovina,Croatia,Cyprus,France,Georgia,Germany,Greece,Iran,Israel,Italy,Macedonia,Montenegro,Serbia,Switzerland,Syria,Turkey.

Euconnus(Psomophus)wetterhallii Gyllenhal,1813(New record for Iran)

Material examined:Iran,East Azarbaijan province,Kaleybar,38°54′N 47°03′E,1♀,1♂,August 23,2007.

General distribution:Albania,Austria,Azerbaijan,Bosnia Herzegovina,Croatia,Czech Republic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Georgia,Germany,Greece,Italy,Latvia,Liechtenstein,Lithuania,Macedonia,Montenegro,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Turkey,Ukraine.

Genus Microscydmus Sauley＆Croissandeau,1893

Subgenus Microscydmus Sauley＆Croissandeau,1893

Microscydmus(Microscydmus)nanus Schaum,1844(New record for Iran)

Material examined:Iran,Guilan province,Astara,38°20′N 48°46′E,2♀,1♂,July 14,2011.

General distribution:Austria,Azerbaijan,Bosnia Herzegovina,Bulgaria,Croatia,Czech Republic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Italy,Liechtenstein,Lithuania,Macedonia,Netherlands,Norway,Romania,Russia(North European Territory),Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Turkey,UK,Ukraine.

Genus Stenichnus Thomson,1859

Subgenus Stenichnus Thomson,1859

Stenichnus(Stenichnus)pusillus pusillus Müller＆ Kunze,1822

Distribution in Iran:Chaharmahal＆Bakhtiari(Samin et al.,2016).

General distribution:Austria,Azerbaijan,Croatia,Czech Republic,France,Georgia,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iran,Ireland,Italy,Netherlands,Poland,Romania,Russia(Central,North,and South European Territories),Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Turkey,UK,Ukraine.

Supertribe Mastigitae Fleming,1821

Tribe Leptomastacini Casey,1897

Genus Leptomastax Pirazolli,1855

Leptomastax hyrcana Castellini,1996

Distribution in Iran:Mazandaran(Castellini,1996；Samin et al.,2011).

General distribution:Endemic to Iran.

4 Discussion

The results of this paper plus species diversity of Scydmaeninae in adjacent countries of Iran indicate that the fauna of Iran has been poorly studied so far.Among these countries the fauna of Russia and Turkey with 54 and 44 recorded species(L?bl et al.,2004)was studied rather well in comparing to other countries.Neither sampling were done in some neighbouring countries including,Bahrain,Iraq,Kuwait and Omman,and so no species has so far been reported from there(Figure 1).

Among the 8 Iranian species,two species Euconnus(Euconnus)goleanus and Leptomastax hyrcana are endemic to Iran.These 8 species were recorded only from 7 provinces of the 31 Iranian provinces；additionally exact localitis of some species are unknown.Iran is a large country incorporating various geographical regions and climates and we expect that a many other species in these three families remain to be discovered.To find new species and distribution records,more studies should be conducted on these insects in different regions of Iran.

Figure 1 Number of recorded species of Scydmaeninae from adjacent countries of Iran

Acknowledgements:I am appreciated to M.S?rensson(Lund University,Sweden)for insightful comments,A.Newton(Field Museum of Natural History,Chicago,USA)for providing some papers,J.Huang(Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,China)in order to editing and preparing the manuscript for publishing.The research was supported by Islamic Azad University(Young Researchers and Elites Club,Science and Research Branch).

Bouchard P,Grebennikov V V,Smith A B T,et al,2009.Biodiversity of Coleoptera[M]∥Foottit R G,Adler P H.In-sect biodiversity:Science and society.Chichester,UK:Wiley Blackwell:265-301.

Bouchard P,Bousquet Y,Davies A E,et al,2011.Family-group names in Coleoptera(Insecta)[J].ZooKeys,88:1-972.Castellini G,1996.Revisione del genere Leptomastax Pirazzoli,1855(Coleoptera,Scydmaenidae)[J].Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale(Grosseto),15:1-137.

Davies A,2004.Cyrtoscydmini(Scydmaenidae)[M]∥L?bl I,Smetana A.Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera:Volume 2 Hydrophiloidea Histeroidea Staphylinoidea.Stenstrup:Apollo Books:206-223.

Franz H,1980.Eine neue termitophile Scydmaenus-Art aus Südafrika[J].Entomologische Bl?tter für Biologie und Systematik der K?fer,76(1):55-57.

Franz H,1981.Eine neue Euconnus-Avt(Col.Scydmaenidae)aus dem Iran[J].Entomologica Basiliensia,6:317-318.

Ghahari H,Háva J,2015.An annotated checklist of the Iranian carrion beetles(Coleoptera:Staphylinoidea:Silphidae)[J].Linzer Biologische Beitr?ge,47(2):1 501-1 511.

Grebennikov V V,Newton A F,2009.Good-bye Scydmaenidae:or why the ant-like stone beetles should become megadiverse Staphylinidae sensu latissimo(Coleoptera)[J].European Journal of Entomology,106:275-301.

Korte A,Ribera I,Beutel R G,et al,2004.Interrelationships of Staphyliniform groups inferred from 18S and 28S rDNA sequences,with special emphasis on Hydrophiloidea(Coleoptera,Staphyliniformia)[J].Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research,42(4):281-288.

Lawrence J F,Slipiński A,Seago A E,et al,2011.Phylogeny of the Coleoptera based on morphological characters of adults and larvae[J].Annales Zoologici,61(1):1-217.

L?bl I,Smetana A,2004.Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera:Volume 2 Hydrophiloidea Histeroidea Staphylinoidea[M].Stenstrup:Apollo Books.

Naomi S I,1985.The phylogeny and higher classification of the Staphylinidae and their allied groups(Coleoptera,Staphylinoidea)[J].Esakia,23:1-27.

O′Keefe S T,1998.Zur Kenntnis der Scydmaeniden der Welt:The contributions of Herbert Franz to scydmaenid taxonomy 1952-1997(Coleoptera:Scydmaenidae)[J].Koleopterologische Rundschau,68:119-136.

O′Keefe S T,2001.Scydmaenidae[M]∥Arnett R H,Thomas M C,Arnett R H J,et al.American beetles:Volume 1 Archostemata,Myxophaga,Adephaga,Polyphaga:Staphyliniformiapp.Boca Raton,FL:CRC Press LLC:259-267.

O′Keefe S T,Pike T,Poinar G,1997.Palaeoleptochromus schaufussi(gen.nov.,sp.nov.),a new antlike stone beetle(Coleoptera:Scydmaenidae)from Canadian Cretaceous amber[J].Canadian Entomologist,129(3):379-385.

Orousset J,2008.Révision des espèces paléarctiques du genre Chevrolatia Jacquelin du Val,1850(Coleoptera,Scydmaenidae)[J].Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France,113(3):313-329.

Samin N,Zhou H,Imani S,2011.Iranian rove beetles(Coleoptera:Staphylinidae)[J].Amurian Zoological Journal,3(2):128-162.

Samin N,Etebarian H R,Sakenin H,et al,2016.A faunistic study of some Coleoptera families from Iran[J].Ukrainska Entomofaunistyka,7(4):21-24.

Schmid R,1988.Morphologische Anpassungen in einem R?uber-Beute-System:Ameisenk?fer(Scydmaenidae,Staphylinpidea)und gepanzerte Milben(Acari)[J].Zoologische Jahrbücher,Abteilung für Systematik,?kologie und Geographie der Tiere,115:207-228.

Vit M,2004.Chevrolatiini(Scydmaenidae),Mastiginae(Scydmaenidae)[M]∥L?bl I,Smetana A.Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera:Volume 2 Hydrophiloidea Histeroidea Staphylinoidea.Stenstrup:Apollo Books:227-228.

Zehzad B,Kiabi B H,Madjnoonian H,2002.The natural areas and landscape of Iran:an overview[J].Zoology in the Middle East,26(1):7-10.

伊朗Scydmaeninae亞科種類名錄(鞘翅目:隱翅蟲總科:隱翅蟲科)

Hassan GHAHARI
(Young Researchers and Elites Club,Science and Research Branch,Islamic Azad University,Tehran,Iran)

報道了伊朗Scydmaeninae亞科(鞘翅目Coleoptera:隱翅蟲總科Staphylinoidea:隱翅蟲科Staphylinidae)的種類名錄,共計 8種,其中 2種 Euconnus(Psomophus)wetterhallii Gyllenhal,1813和 Microscydmus(Microscydmus)nanus Schaum,1844為伊朗分布新記錄。

隱翅蟲科；Scydmaeninae亞科；名錄；分布；新記錄；伊朗

Q969.48

A

1001－4276－(2017)01－0013－05

Ghahari H，2017.An annotated checklist of Scydmaeninae(Coleoptera:Staphylinoidea:Staphylinidae)of Iran[J].武夷科學(xué)，33:13-17.

2017－04－30。

Author:Hassan Ghahari， Email:hghahari＠ yahoo.com。

(責(zé)任編輯:陳曉雯)