劉春燕,周 龍,羅 潔,吳晨光,劉永強(qiáng),方海龍
(1.新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)林學(xué)與園藝學(xué)院, 烏魯木齊 830052;2.吐魯番現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技開(kāi)發(fā)中心,新疆吐魯番 838000)
吐魯番葡萄黃化園土壤養(yǎng)分與地上部的相關(guān)性
劉春燕1,周 龍1,羅 潔1,吳晨光1,劉永強(qiáng)1,方海龍2
(1.新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)林學(xué)與園藝學(xué)院, 烏魯木齊 830052;2.吐魯番現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技開(kāi)發(fā)中心,新疆吐魯番 838000)
目的研究葡萄黃化園土壤養(yǎng)分與地上部的關(guān)系。方法以吐魯番市主栽品種無(wú)核白和無(wú)核白雞心為材料,采集正常和黃化園不同深度土壤樣品進(jìn)行營(yíng)養(yǎng)診斷分析,篩選影響枝葉生長(zhǎng)及果實(shí)產(chǎn)量的主要土壤因子。結(jié)果正常株和黃化株土壤總鹽量、有機(jī)質(zhì)、速效N、速效P、速效K和有效Fe含量間存在顯著差異;黃化株新梢節(jié)間長(zhǎng)、葉重、單葉厚及產(chǎn)量均顯著低于正常株,且無(wú)核白黃化株分別是正常株的1.30、1.38、1.35和2.15倍。無(wú)核白黃化株新梢節(jié)間粗與有效Fe含量呈顯著正相關(guān),無(wú)核白雞心黃化株葉重、葉長(zhǎng)及葉寬與有效Fe含量呈顯著正相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.726、0.902、0.691。無(wú)核白黃化株產(chǎn)量與速效K呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)為-0.164。結(jié)論吐魯番勝金鄉(xiāng)土壤pH值、K含量較高及有效Fe含量較低是引起葡萄黃化的主要原因。
葡萄黃化;土壤養(yǎng)分;地上部;相關(guān)性
【研究意義】我國(guó)栽培葡萄有著相當(dāng)悠久的歷史,無(wú)核白葡萄作為我國(guó)新疆地區(qū)的主栽品種,其皮薄肉脆,甜酸適口、風(fēng)味優(yōu)美并含有豐富的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì),受到廣大栽培者和消費(fèi)者的歡迎[1-2]。近年來(lái),隨著中國(guó)葡萄面積的增加,葡萄黃化病在各個(gè)地區(qū)的發(fā)生愈演愈烈,尤其是在沿海城市和西部干旱、半干旱地區(qū)。關(guān)于我國(guó)北方石灰性土壤和沿海紅壤土葡萄黃化病的發(fā)病原因報(bào)道較多[3]。新疆葡萄黃化病的發(fā)生主要集中在北疆及吐魯番地區(qū),1993年吐魯番勝金鄉(xiāng)無(wú)核白葡萄開(kāi)始發(fā)生黃化病并逐年蔓延;2005~2008年博樂(lè)第五師紅提葡萄黃化病也時(shí)有發(fā)生。目前對(duì)葡萄發(fā)生黃化病的病因與防治措施較多,然而關(guān)于葡萄黃化病與土壤因子等深層研究較少?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】國(guó)內(nèi)外果樹(shù)研究者對(duì)于土壤營(yíng)養(yǎng)與果實(shí)品質(zhì)、葉片礦質(zhì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)等方面也已有大量研究,張涓涓等[4]對(duì)馬家柚主產(chǎn)區(qū)不同類(lèi)型土壤養(yǎng)分與果實(shí)礦質(zhì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)、品質(zhì)調(diào)查及分析認(rèn)為,土壤養(yǎng)分狀況與果實(shí)營(yíng)養(yǎng)含量存在較大的相關(guān)性。侍朋寶等[5]對(duì)3個(gè)釀酒葡萄的土層養(yǎng)分與果實(shí)質(zhì)量進(jìn)行了研究,認(rèn)為土壤養(yǎng)分和葡萄指標(biāo)Mn與含糖量成顯著相關(guān),其它指標(biāo)均未達(dá)顯著水平。溫明霞等[6]通過(guò)分析黃化和無(wú)黃化蜜柑園土壤及葉片礦質(zhì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)的相關(guān)性時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),土壤酸化是葉片黃化的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因子。Joan R. Davenport等[7]在華盛頓地區(qū)研究了葡萄土壤養(yǎng)分和氣候條件與黃化病發(fā)生的關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)黃化病與土壤養(yǎng)分相關(guān)性不顯著,而葡萄植株開(kāi)花前處于寒冷和潮濕的土壤環(huán)境下,會(huì)阻礙葡萄根系生長(zhǎng)并引起葡萄黃化。范七君等[8]對(duì)金柑黃化株和正常株葉片及土壤營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)金柑葉片葉綠素含量與土壤鎂含量呈極顯著正相關(guān)?!颈狙芯壳腥朦c(diǎn)】吐魯番作為新疆無(wú)核葡萄的主產(chǎn)區(qū),近年,在勝金鄉(xiāng)葡萄發(fā)生大面積黃化現(xiàn)象,已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響到農(nóng)戶(hù)種植葡萄的積極性,成為當(dāng)?shù)仄咸压麡I(yè)健康持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要限制因子。前人對(duì)葡萄黃化病土壤因子也有一定的研究,但從葡萄地上部、土壤養(yǎng)分狀況對(duì)地上部的影響相關(guān)的綜合研究報(bào)道較少。研究葡萄黃化園土壤養(yǎng)分與地上部的關(guān)系。【擬解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題】通過(guò)測(cè)量不同黃化葡萄園新梢、葉片生長(zhǎng)量及果實(shí)產(chǎn)量,分析葡萄土壤養(yǎng)分與地上部營(yíng)養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)的相關(guān)性,研究影響葡萄地上部生長(zhǎng)的主要土壤營(yíng)養(yǎng)因子,為今后的深入研究和制定吐魯番葡萄黃化病有效的矯治策略提供理論基礎(chǔ)。
1.1 材 料
試驗(yàn)地位于新疆吐魯番市高昌區(qū)勝金鄉(xiāng)色格孜庫(kù)勒村葡萄園(89°37′E,42°57′N(xiāo)),園內(nèi)葡萄主栽品種樹(shù)齡及生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)相近,葡萄品種為8 a生無(wú)核白(Thompsons seedless)和無(wú)核白雞心(Centennial seedless),株行距分別是4 m×4.5 m和3.5 m×4 m。
2016年8月進(jìn)行土樣采集,選擇4個(gè)葡萄果園,在吐魯番市高昌區(qū)勝金鄉(xiāng)色格孜庫(kù)勒村一隊(duì)黃化葡萄園和正常園中,每個(gè)葡萄園設(shè)計(jì)3個(gè)取樣點(diǎn),以S形為分布進(jìn)行隨機(jī)選取樣本株。采用定點(diǎn)定位分層的取樣方法,分別在正常及黃化株的樹(shù)盤(pán)周?chē)凑?~20、20~50和50~80 cm 3個(gè)深度進(jìn)行土樣采集,用樣品袋裝好后貼上標(biāo)簽帶回實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行分析,所有樣品均置室內(nèi)自然風(fēng)干,研磨過(guò)篩后待用。表1
1.2 方 法
1.2.1 土壤元素測(cè)定
土壤礦質(zhì)元素采用鮑士旦方法[10],稍有修改。土壤pH采用酸堿度法測(cè)定,有機(jī)質(zhì)采用重鉻酸鉀容量法—外加熱法;全鹽量采用電導(dǎo)法;速效N采用堿解擴(kuò)散法;速效P采用0.5 mol/L NaHCO3浸提,鉬銻抗比色法;速效K采用1.0 mol/L NH4OAc浸提-火焰光度計(jì)法;有效Fe采用0.1 mol/L HCl浸提—原子吸收分光光度法;交換性Mg采用1 mol/L醋酸銨浸提。每土樣測(cè)定重復(fù)3次,取其平均值。
表1葡萄葉片黃化病分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[9]
Table 1 Grading standard of grapevine leaf yellowing
黃化程度DegreeofChlorosis分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Classificationstandard正常Normal葉片深綠色,有光澤輕度黃化Lightchlorosis葉脈保持綠色,葉肉均勻褪綠,葉片變薄,變黃中度黃化Middlechlorosis葉脈保持綠色,葉脈間顯著變黃重度黃化Severechlorosis葉脈呈現(xiàn)淡黃色,葉片由黃變成白色
1.2.2 枝葉生長(zhǎng)量及產(chǎn)量測(cè)定
于2017年7月在葡萄黃化病發(fā)生盛期,選取無(wú)核白和無(wú)核白雞心黃化株和正常株各5株,每株選擇5根生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)一致的一年生新梢,采取新梢上第5~8節(jié)沒(méi)有病蟲(chóng)害的完全葉及新梢莖節(jié)間各30個(gè)作為試驗(yàn)樣品,用游標(biāo)卡尺分別測(cè)量新梢節(jié)間長(zhǎng)、新梢節(jié)間粗、葉片長(zhǎng)、葉寬、葉柄長(zhǎng)及葉厚;用萬(wàn)分之一天平稱(chēng)量新梢節(jié)間重和單葉重。在各葡萄園中分別選取3行進(jìn)行單位面積產(chǎn)量計(jì)算并稱(chēng)其果穗重,其中果穗重用30串果實(shí)重量的平均穗重表示,產(chǎn)量用單位面積內(nèi)果穗數(shù)×平均果穗重來(lái)進(jìn)行計(jì)算。
1.3 數(shù)據(jù)處理
使用Microsoft Office Excel 2010進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算,采用 SPSS19.0進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,采用鄧肯氏新復(fù)極差法進(jìn)行方差分析(P<0.05),數(shù)據(jù)采用“平均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差”表示。
2.1 不同黃化葡萄園土壤養(yǎng)分狀況
研究表明,正常株和黃化株土壤總鹽量、有機(jī)質(zhì)、速效N、速效P、速效K和有效Fe含量間差異顯著。隨著葡萄園土層深度的增加,無(wú)核白黃化株土壤pH值、總鹽量、有機(jī)質(zhì)、交換性Mg含量均高于正常株,0~20 cm土層中,黃化株速效N、速效P和有效Fe含量低于正常株,分別是正常株的38.2%、18.1%和76.0%;無(wú)核白雞心黃化株除有機(jī)質(zhì)、交換性Mg外,正常株土壤各養(yǎng)分指標(biāo)均高于黃化株,但無(wú)顯著差異。20~80 cm土層中,無(wú)核白正常株速效P、速效K含量顯著高于黃化株,無(wú)核白雞心正常株pH值、有機(jī)質(zhì)、有效Fe含量均高于黃化株。表2
2.2 不同黃化程度對(duì)葡萄地上部的影響
2.2.1 不同黃化程度對(duì)枝葉生長(zhǎng)量的影響
黃化病對(duì)葡萄的新梢節(jié)間、葉片的生長(zhǎng)影響較為顯著。研究表明,隨著不同黃化程度的加劇,黃化株葡萄的新梢節(jié)間粗、新梢節(jié)間重、葉長(zhǎng)和葉寬均與正常株無(wú)顯著差異,而黃化株新梢節(jié)間長(zhǎng)、葉重及單葉厚均顯著低于正常株。無(wú)核白正常株的新梢節(jié)間長(zhǎng)、葉重及單葉厚分別是重度黃化株的1.30、1.38、1.35倍;無(wú)核白雞心正常株的新梢節(jié)間長(zhǎng)、葉重和單葉厚分別是重度黃化株的1.23、1.80、3.54倍。表3
2.2.2 不同黃化程度對(duì)葡萄果實(shí)產(chǎn)量的影響
黃化對(duì)葡萄果實(shí)產(chǎn)量的影響與新梢生長(zhǎng)量也有著相同的規(guī)律,且不同果園之間果實(shí)產(chǎn)量存在差異較為明顯。研究表明,無(wú)核白正常園產(chǎn)量為2.95×104kg/hm2,是黃化園產(chǎn)量的2.15倍;無(wú)核白雞心正常園產(chǎn)量為3.38×104kg/hm2,是黃化園產(chǎn)量的21.13倍,黃化園產(chǎn)量明顯低于正常園。正常園無(wú)核白和無(wú)核白雞心果穗重分別為黃化園的1.94倍和1.37倍。表4
表3 不同黃化程度下葡萄枝葉生長(zhǎng)量變化
Table 3 Effects of different degrees of Chlorosis on the growth of vine branches and leaves
品種Cultivars黃化程度DegreeofChlorosis節(jié)間長(zhǎng)internodelength(cm)節(jié)間粗Internodethick(cm)節(jié)間重Internodeweight(g)葉重LeafWeight(g)葉長(zhǎng)LeafLength(cm)葉寬LeafWidth(cm)單葉厚LeafThickness(cm)無(wú)核白Thompsonseedless輕度黃化6430±3104a275±103a11±078a118±0015ab736±1721a907±1377a0023±0009ab中度黃化6496±6496a459±164a20±123a107±0015b710±1182a883±0708a0022±0005b重度黃化5456±5456a294±098a093±068a099±0034b683±0935a873±1254a0020±0008b黃化平均值6127±5019a343±122a134±090a108±0021b715±1279a888±111a0022±0007b正常7074±2828a381±12a158±096a137±0044a784±1013a965±0969a0027±0003a無(wú)核白雞心CentennialSeedless輕度黃化9739±854ab574±114a37±124a136±0032a866±1635a956±1052ab0136±0009b中度黃化8472±1956b493±138a264±185a118±0018a862±1126a947±0985ab0136±0009b重度黃化8640±897b599±167a378±169a079±0036b803±1041a846±1623ab0035±0007b黃化平均值895±1236b555±14a337±159a111±0028ab844±1267a916±122ab0069±0043b正常10634±1451a526±128a364±178a142±0053a868±1215a1003±0805a0124±0004a
表4 不同黃化程度下葡萄產(chǎn)量變化
Table 4 Effects of different degrees of Chlorosis on yield of grape
品種Cultivars黃化程度Degreeofchlorosis果穗數(shù)paniclenumber(穗/hm2)果穗重earweight(g)產(chǎn)量yield(kg/hm2)無(wú)核白Thompsonseedless黃化園596×104230137×104正常園662×104446295×104無(wú)核白雞心CentennialSeedless黃化園432×103371160×103正常園667×104507338×104
2.3 土壤養(yǎng)分與葡萄地上部的相關(guān)性
2.3.1 土壤養(yǎng)分與葡萄枝葉生長(zhǎng)量的相關(guān)性
土壤是葡萄生長(zhǎng)的基礎(chǔ),新梢生長(zhǎng)量是土壤營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平的具體表現(xiàn)形式與確切反映,土壤因子通過(guò)反映葡萄的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和礦質(zhì)元素的豐缺程度而直接或間接影響葡萄黃化病的發(fā)生[11]。將正常和黃化園葡萄株枝葉生長(zhǎng)量和土壤養(yǎng)分含量進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,研究表明,無(wú)核白黃化株新梢節(jié)間粗與有效Fe含量呈顯著正相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.695。無(wú)核白正常株新梢節(jié)間長(zhǎng)與總鹽量、速效K含量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為-0.686、-0.688,葉寬、葉厚均與有機(jī)質(zhì)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為-0.693、-0.679,而葉寬與有效Fe含量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)為-0.669,與其他元素相關(guān)性不顯著。
無(wú)核白雞心黃化株有效Fe含量與葉重、葉長(zhǎng)及葉寬呈顯著正相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.726、0.902和0.691。葉厚與土壤pH值呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)為-0.701。無(wú)核白雞心正常株重、葉長(zhǎng)均與土壤pH值呈顯著正相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.674、0.679,葉厚與有機(jī)質(zhì)、速效N含量呈顯著正相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.761、0.744,正常園新梢節(jié)間長(zhǎng)、新梢節(jié)間粗、新梢節(jié)間重及葉寬與土壤養(yǎng)分含量無(wú)顯著差異。表5
2.3.2 土壤養(yǎng)分與葡萄果實(shí)產(chǎn)量的相關(guān)性
葡萄植株土壤養(yǎng)分與果實(shí)產(chǎn)量之間存在簡(jiǎn)單相關(guān)性,結(jié)果表明,兩種葡萄正常株間無(wú)顯著相關(guān)性。無(wú)核白黃化株產(chǎn)量與pH值呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)為-1.000,與其他土壤養(yǎng)分含量相關(guān)性不顯著。無(wú)核白雞心黃化園果穗數(shù)與土壤速效K含量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)為-0.997,產(chǎn)量與有效Fe含量呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)為-1.000。表6
3.1 吐魯番葡萄土壤養(yǎng)分與黃化的關(guān)系
土壤是葡萄生產(chǎn)中物質(zhì)和能量交換的重要場(chǎng)所,果園土壤養(yǎng)分狀況直接影響樹(shù)體生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育及產(chǎn)量的提高[12]。植物生長(zhǎng)與土壤養(yǎng)分關(guān)系密切,植物所需礦質(zhì)元素之間存在拮抗作用,P、K、Zn等含量的升高可能會(huì)加劇植株的黃化現(xiàn)象[13]。K.Mengel等[14]分析葡萄在鈣質(zhì)和非鈣質(zhì)土壤中pH值、HCO3-、磷酸鹽、Ca和Fe含量的關(guān)系時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)黃化葉P含量高于正常葉2倍以上,但在黃化葉中P含量高并不是缺鐵失綠的原因,而HCO3-是引發(fā)黃化的主要原因。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),葡萄正常株和黃化株有效Fe含量范圍約4.9~10.8 mg/kg,土壤有效Fe含量低于葡萄對(duì)土壤有效Fe要求的適宜范圍,但正常園并未表現(xiàn)出黃化??赡苁怯捎谥仓暌蜃陨聿町惣八幫寥拉h(huán)境不同,引起植株對(duì)養(yǎng)分吸收能力的不同所致。土壤有效Fe與pH值氧化條件關(guān)系密切,試驗(yàn)地土壤平均pH為8.12~8.59,屬于堿性土壤,一般土壤pH值越高,氧化電位越高,土壤有效Fe含量越低[15]。王光州等[16]通過(guò)對(duì)獼猴桃噴施鐵制劑矯治黃化時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)正常與黃化株土壤有效Fe含量均低于臨界值,此結(jié)論與研究結(jié)果相一致。
3.2 吐魯番葡萄枝葉生長(zhǎng)量與黃化的關(guān)系
在傳統(tǒng)的植物缺素黃化診斷中,葉片是植株黃化最明顯的表現(xiàn)器官,也是黃化診斷最方便的方法[17]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)除了葉片顏色之外,隨著不同黃化程度的加劇,黃化株新梢節(jié)間長(zhǎng)、葉重及單葉厚均顯著低于正常株。分析認(rèn)為葡萄黃化導(dǎo)致葉片葉綠素含量減少,植株光合能力下降,從而對(duì)葡萄生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育造成影響。黎秀麗等[18]對(duì)庫(kù)爾勒香梨黃化病的研究時(shí)也發(fā)現(xiàn),庫(kù)爾勒香梨黃化株新梢長(zhǎng)度、葉面積、葉片厚度等均顯著低于正常株。
3.3 吐魯番葡萄產(chǎn)量與土壤養(yǎng)分的相關(guān)性
土壤養(yǎng)分與葡萄產(chǎn)量的關(guān)系復(fù)雜多樣,馬建江等[19]通過(guò)分析庫(kù)爾勒香梨產(chǎn)量與土壤養(yǎng)分的相關(guān)性,發(fā)現(xiàn)庫(kù)爾勒香梨園20~50 cm土層有機(jī)質(zhì)、堿解N、速效K、有效Fe含量與香梨高產(chǎn)園呈顯著正相關(guān)。朱小平等[20]研究不同產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)的赤霞珠葡萄園的葉柄與土壤養(yǎng)分的關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)中、低產(chǎn)低質(zhì)葡萄樹(shù)體K、Zn含量較低,高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)園中土壤 N、K、Mg與葉柄相應(yīng)元素之間為正相關(guān)。試驗(yàn)中,無(wú)核白正常園產(chǎn)量與速效K含量呈正相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.982,而無(wú)核白黃化園產(chǎn)量與速效K含量呈負(fù)相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)為-0.164。劉昌齡等[21]研究大澤山土壤元素有效量與玫瑰香、紅地球葡萄產(chǎn)量的相關(guān)性,發(fā)現(xiàn)B、K含量與葡萄產(chǎn)量呈正相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)高達(dá)0.7。葡萄雖然為喜鉀植物,但新疆吐魯番作為高鉀地區(qū),在勝金鄉(xiāng)葡萄園速效K含量最高達(dá)360 mg/kg,處于1級(jí)水平(>200 mg/kg),當(dāng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素過(guò)量積累會(huì)產(chǎn)生單鹽毒害,并對(duì)其他離子的吸收產(chǎn)生拮抗作用,使植株發(fā)生營(yíng)養(yǎng)虧缺,破壞原有的離子平衡,對(duì)植物的生理生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生不利的影響[22]。關(guān)于這一方面,Zhou等[23]研究在水培試驗(yàn)中,增加蘋(píng)果幼苗鉀溶液濃度會(huì)加重蘋(píng)果的黃化程度。
無(wú)核白雞心黃化株有效Fe含量與葉重、葉長(zhǎng)及葉寬呈顯著正相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.726、0.902和0.691,無(wú)核白正常園產(chǎn)量與速效K含量呈負(fù)相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)為-0.164,而黃化園產(chǎn)量與速效K含量呈正相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.982。初步認(rèn)為吐魯番勝金鄉(xiāng)土壤pH值、K含量較高及有效Fe含量較低是引起葡萄黃化的主要原因。因此,黃化防治時(shí)應(yīng)該綜合考慮土壤礦質(zhì)元素的平衡施加。
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StudyontheCorrelationbetweenSoilNutrientsandAbove-grouindPartsinGrapeYellowOrchardofTurpan
LIU Chun-yan1, ZHOU Long1, LUO Jie1, WU Chen-guang1, LIU Yong-qiang1, FANG Hai-long2
(1.CollegeofForestryandHorticulture,XinjiangAgriculturalUniversity,Urumqi830052,China;2.DevelopmentCenterofTurpanModernAgriculturalScienceandTechnology,GaochangArea,TurpanXinjiang838000,China)
ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between soil nutrients and above -ground parts in grape orchards with chlorisis diesease.MethodTwo Turpan mainly cultivated grape cultivars Thompson seedless and Centennial seedless were used as experiment materials. The soil nutrient was diagnosed by collecting the different deep soil samples in the normal and chlorosis grape orchards and the main soil factors affecting the growth of branch and leaf and fruit yield were screened and analyzed.ResultThe result showed that there were significant differences of total salt content, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and available ferrum content between normal and yellow strains. Yellow plant shoot internode length, leaf weight, leaf thickness and yield were remarkable lower than those of the normal plants, and Thompson seedless yellow plant were 1.30, 1.38, 1.35 and 2.15 times than those of the normal plants. Shoot internode diameter in Thompson seedless chlorosis plant had a significantly negative correlation with available ferrum content in soil, Centennial seedless chlorosis plant leaf weight, leaf length and leaf width had a significantly positive correlation with available ferrum content in soil, and the correlation coefficients were 0.726, 0.902, 0.691, the yellow orchards yield of Thompsons seedless had a significantly negative correlation with available potassium in soil, and the correlation coefficients were -0.164.ConclusionThe results showed that high pH content, high K content and low content of available Fe were the main causes of grape chlorosis in Shengjin Township, Turpan.
grape chlorosis; soil nutrient; above-ground parts; correlation
ZHOU Long(1976-),male,native place:Xinjiang,associate professor,doctor,research field: Germplasm resources and Cultivation Physiology of fruit trees. (E-mail)zhoulong2004@126.com
S663.1;S15
A
1001-4330(2017)10-1920-10
10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.10.018
2017-07-21
自治區(qū)科技計(jì)劃重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)“”(2017A01001);國(guó)家級(jí)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目“”(201610758004);新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)2612創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì);自治區(qū)園藝學(xué)重點(diǎn)學(xué)科
劉春燕(1991-),女,新疆博樂(lè)人,碩士研究生,研究方向?yàn)楣麡?shù)栽培與生理,(E-mail)577580949@qq.com
周龍(1976-),男,新疆人,副教授,博士,研究方向?yàn)楣麡?shù)種質(zhì)資源與栽培生理,(E-mail)zhoulong2004@126.com
Supported by: Science and technology planning major projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2017A01001), College students innovation project of national level (201610758004), 2612 innovation team of Xinjiang Agricultural University and Key disciplines of horticulture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region