鄒芬芳++++++張健鵬++++++高紅梅++++++焦宏彬
[摘要] 目的 通過Meta分析評估信號轉導和轉錄激活因子6(STAT6)基因多態(tài)性位點rs324011(2892C/T)與哮喘發(fā)病發(fā)現(xiàn)直接的關聯(lián)。 方法 檢索PubMed、EMBASE、中國知網(wǎng)以及萬方等數(shù)據(jù)庫獲取rs324011位點與哮喘關聯(lián)分析研究,檢索時限截至2016年12月。計算合并比值比(OR)和95%置信區(qū)間(95%CI)評估該位點與哮喘易感性之間的關聯(lián)。 結果 共納入9項研究,包括病例2247例和對照2940例。結果顯示,在隱性模型(TT vs CC+CT)和加和模型(TT vs CC)下,TT基因型會顯著增加哮喘的發(fā)病風險(隱性模型:OR=1.32,95%CI 1.10~1.58,P=0.003;加和模型:OR=1.34,95%CI 1.10~1.63,P=0.004),而在其他模型下未見顯著性關聯(lián)。 結論 STAT6基因rs324011多態(tài)性位點是哮喘的風險因子。TT基因型會顯著增加人群哮喘發(fā)病風險,特別是在高加索人群中。
[關鍵詞] 信號轉導和轉錄激活因子6;rs324011;哮喘;Meta分析
[中圖分類號] R562.65 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2017)08(b)-0126-04
[Abstract] Objective To further explore the genetic association between rs324011 of STAT6 and asthma susceptibility through Meta-analysis. Methods Literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI and Wanfang Database till the date of December 2016. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to assess the strength of association between rs324011 and asthma. Results A total of 9 studies comprising 2247 cases and 2940 controls were included in our analysis. Significant associations between rs324011 and asthma were observed that TT genotype might increase the risk of asthma in recessive model and additive model (OR=1.32, 95%CI 1.10-1.58, P=0.003 for TT vs CC+CT; OR=1.34, 95%CI 1.10-1.63, P=0.004 for TT vs CC). No similar association was observed in other models. Conclusion The polymorphism rs324011 in STAT6 is a susceptibility loci of asthma. TT genotype may increase the risk of asthma, especially in the Caucasian population.
[Key words] STAT6; rs324011; Asthma; Meta-analysis
哮喘是一種常見的,以氣道高反應、氣道阻塞和慢性炎癥為主要特征的呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病。家族性哮喘研究提示哮喘具有一定的遺傳傾向,而通過全基因組連鎖分析、遺傳關聯(lián)分析研究已發(fā)現(xiàn)超過100個哮喘易感基因位點[1-2],其中STAT6是研究得最多的基因之一。STAT6是介導過敏性炎性反應的重要因子,通常由Th2相關細胞因子如IL-4和IL-13激活并誘導初始T細胞分化為Th2細胞以及誘導產生IgE[3-4]。STAT6基因多態(tài)性與IgE血清水平相關,與哮喘易感性之間也存在關聯(lián)。rs324011(2892C/T)位點是STAT6基因常見的多態(tài)性位點之一。多項研究對rs324011多態(tài)性位點與哮喘易感性關聯(lián)進行了分析,但是結果并不一致,因此筆者進行了Meta分析,希望通過更大樣本量的研究更加精確評估STAT6基因rs324011多態(tài)性位點與哮喘易感性之間的關聯(lián)。
1 資料與方法
1.1 文獻檢索
檢索PubMed、EMBASE、中國知網(wǎng)、萬方等數(shù)據(jù)庫,檢索關鍵詞包括“STAT6”“signal transducer and activator of transcription”或“rs324011”,“asthma”或“哮喘”,“polymorphism”或“多態(tài)性”。檢索語言限定為英文或者中文,檢索截至日期限定為2016年12月。
1.2 文獻納入與排除標準
納入標準:①rs324011位點與哮喘易感性關聯(lián)分析的病例對照設計研究;②文獻中提供了該位點的分型結果并能計算比值比(OR值)和95%置信區(qū)間(95% CI)。排除綜述文章、會議文章。重復性研究選取樣本量較大的研究。
1.3 信息提取
對納入的研究提取種族、樣本量、分型結果等多項相關信息。以上文獻檢索、文獻納入和排除以及信息提取過程均由2名獨立人員完成,發(fā)生分歧則由研究組共同討論決定。
1.4 納入研究的方法學質量評價
采用Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)文獻評價評價量表對納入的研究文獻進行質量評價,得分5分及以上認為是文獻質量較高,可以納入本研究中。endprint
1.5 統(tǒng)計學方法
所有的統(tǒng)計分析均采用STATA 12.0軟件完成,使用Q檢驗和I2評估各研究之間的異質性,I2<20%表明異質性較小,使用固定效應模型;I2≥20%采用隨機效應模型。將rs324011劃分為不同的分析模型,包括等位基因模型(T vs C)、顯性模型(TT+CT vs CC)、隱性模型(TT vs CC+CT)以及加和模型(TT vs CC)。使用漏斗圖和Egger′s test來評估發(fā)表偏倚。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 納入研究特征
通過文獻檢索及過濾,最終9篇文獻被納入研究中,包括病例2247例和對照2940例[5-13]。文獻檢索和篩選流程見圖1。其中,有2篇是對中國人群進行研究[6,10],其余7篇是針對白種人[5,7-9,11-13]。各研究對照組均符合Hardy-Weinberg Law平衡。納入研究的具體特征見表1。
2.2 不同模型的Meta分析
如表2所示,在等位基因模型下(C vs T),各研究之間無顯著異質性(I2=0%),采用固定效應模型合并。結果顯示,rs324011位點與哮喘之間不存在顯著性關聯(lián)(合并OR=1.08,95%CI 0.98~1.18,P=0.11)。根據(jù)種族進行亞組分析,在亞洲人中均未發(fā)現(xiàn)顯著性關聯(lián),而在高加索人種則存在顯著性關聯(lián)(P=0.03)。類似的,在顯性模型下(TT+CT vs CC)也沒有觀察到rs324011位點與哮喘之間存在顯著性關聯(lián)。
圖2是在隱性模型下(TT vs CC+CT)采用固定效應模型進行合并的森林圖,發(fā)現(xiàn)TT基因型會增加人群哮喘的發(fā)病風險(合并OR=1.32,95%CI 1.10~1.58,P=0.003)。根據(jù)種族進行亞組分析,結果顯示,在亞洲人中并未見顯著性關聯(lián),而在高加索人種,TT基因型會增加0.34倍的哮喘發(fā)病風險(合并OR=1.34,95%CI 1.10~1.65,P=0.004)。與隱性模型結果相似的是,加和模型下(TT vs CC),TT基因型會增加高加索人哮喘的發(fā)病風險。
以上分析均未發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯的發(fā)表偏倚,見圖3。
3 討論
既往研究發(fā)現(xiàn)多個哮喘易感位點[14],涉及多個功能通路和機制[15-17],其中趨化因子調節(jié)基因轉錄機制,如STAT家族基因,近年來受到較大關注[18-19]。STAT6可通過上調IgE血清水平而促進哮喘的發(fā)生。STAT6敲除小鼠接受過敏原刺激后未發(fā)生氣道高反應,缺乏典型的Th2相關趨化因子反應,也檢測不到血清IgE水平[20-21]。實驗表明,STAT6敲除小鼠受到支氣管嗜酸粒細胞增多以及抗原誘導黏液產物的保護[22]。以上提示STAT6可能在哮喘的發(fā)生過程中發(fā)揮重要作用。本次Meta分析結果表明,TT基因型會顯著增加哮喘的發(fā)病風險;亞組分析顯示,TT基因型與高加索人哮喘發(fā)生顯著相關,而與亞洲人無明顯關聯(lián)。
STAT6基因rs324011多態(tài)性位點影響哮喘易感性和發(fā)生發(fā)展的生物學機制也受到重視。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),該位點(2892C/T)會影響總IgE水平的升高[12,23-24]。STAT6基因中兩個潛在轉錄因子結合位點,即分別位于2號內含子序列和STAT6結合序列的核受體κB(NF-κB)結合位點,與IgE的誘導產生相關[25]。rs324011位點T等位基因會造成其中一個轉變?yōu)镹F-κB的特異性結合位點,從而增加STAT6啟動子活性。此外還發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個新的STAT6亞型:STAT6d和STAT6e。攜帶TT等位基因的患者中,STAT6d和STAT6e亞型轉錄水平顯著增加。這與本研究Meta分析顯示TT基因型會增加哮喘發(fā)病風險的結果相符。當然,本研究Meta分析納入的樣本量還較少,未來需要納入更多研究和不同種族的樣本,更加精確評估rs324011位點與哮喘易感性之間的關聯(lián)。
綜上所述,通過Meta分析發(fā)現(xiàn),STAT6基因rs324011多態(tài)性位點與哮喘易感性相關,TT基因型會增加人群特別是高加索人的哮喘發(fā)病風險。
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